monopolizing death: or how to frame a government by ... · three organizations stand out: the...

TRANSLATION[Note: all dates in this translation listed as month/day/year]

Monopolizing death:Or how to frame a government by inflating a list of the dead

By Enrique Hendrix July 8th, 2018 Presidential Decree No. 03-2018, "On Amendments to Decree No. 975 GeneralRegulation of the Social Security Law" issued on April 18th, was the perfect pretext forthe Opposition to initiate a series of protests that began to escalate. Four days later, inthe face of acts of violence and an estimated 23 deaths, President Daniel Ortegadecided, on April 22nd, to repeal the Presidential Decree that had served as a catalystfor what looked like an explosion of social unrest. In that same announcement he calledfor a National Dialogue as an instrument to restore the security, stability and peace ofNicaraguan families, address the situation of the Social Security system and thepossible inclusion of tax reforms for discussion. He also invited Cardinal LeopoldoBrenes to participate in the National Dialogue with a delegation from the EpiscopalConference so that it would serve as guarantor and witness. However, despite therepeal of the decree that triggered the protests and despite the willingness of theGovernment to seek a solution through the National Dialogue, the protests continued. The Human Rights organizations began their work of compiling the names of thedeceased citizens within the context of the protests. Three organizations stand out: TheNicaraguan Center for Human Rights (CENIDH), the first body to pronounce itself;the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (CIDH), whose participation wasrequested by the government of Nicaragua on May 13th; and the NicaraguanAssociation for Human Rights (ANPDH), the body that has been most active inrelation to the death list. The Nicaraguan Center for Human Rights (CENIDH - founded in 1990 and of whichMrs. Vilma Núñez de Escorcia is president) has issued three reports corresponding todifferent time periods in the context of the protests. The First Report issued on May 4,covers April 19th to May 4th; The Second Report issued on May 17th, covers May 1st toMay 15th; and the Third Report issued on June 18th, covers May 16th to June 18th.The CENIDH list is not presented as a chart or a table, but as a section within eachreport which is titled "Killed and wounded as a result of government repression andviolence." Note that this title irresponsibly and arbitrarily asserts that the deaths are adirect consequence of the violence on the part of the Government. In the third and lastreport issued, it is indicated that the total of deaths is 178 citizens, however the FirstReport includes the names of 45 dead citizens, the Second Report 12 citizens and theThird Report 110, so that the total of the three reports is one hundred and sixty-seven(167) dead on June 18th and not 178.

https://confidencial.com.ni/quienes-son-muertos-de-las-protestas-en-nicaragua/

https://www.cenidh.org/media/documents/docfile/Informe_3.pdf

https://www.cenidh.org/media/documents/docfile/CENIDH_Informe_No._2.pdf

https://www.cenidh.org/media/documents/docfile/INFORME_SOBRE_REPRESI%C3%93N_Y_VIOLENCIA_EN_CONTRA_DE_MANIFESTANTES__mayo_de_2018.pdf

On May 21st, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (CIDH – anautonomous body of the Organization of American States) presented PreliminaryObservations on its working visit to Nicaragua from May 17th to 21st and in the contextof the protests beginning on April 18th. Those observations did not include a list ofcitizens who had died in at the scene of the protests. It was not until June 22nd that theCIDH presented its Final Report on its visit to Nicaragua before the Permanent Councilof the Organization of American States (OAS), a report in which the list of decedentswas attached, accounting for a total of Two Hundred Twelve (212). This appendix isentitled: "List of deceased persons in Nicaragua since the beginning of the protests(April 19 - June 19, 2018)". Note the cynical euphemism of "deceased in Nicaraguasince the beginning of the protests", that is, every person who died from April 19th toJune 19th, promoting the decontextualization of the same, regardless of the causes andcircumstances of the death of each of them and as we will indicate later. On June 26, the Nicaraguan Association for Human Rights (ANPDH - founded inMiami in 1986 and of which Monsignor Abelardo Mata is president emeritus) issued adocument entitled: "Preliminary Report of Nicaraguan Citizens Killed in Civic Protest asa Human Rights and Executed by Armed Groups (Paramilitary or Shock Forces) for theperiod: 04/19/2018 to 6/25/2018. (66 calendar days)". Note that the title shares thesame editorial line of the CENIDH, affirming irresponsibly and arbitrarily that all thedeaths occurred in the context of "Civic Protest" and likewise attributes their deaths to"Executions by Armed Groups (Paramilitaries or Shock Forces) ". The preliminary reportof the ANPDH counted a death toll of 285. It should be noted that these reports have inconsistencies and omissions in terms ofnames with incomplete data, inaccurate names or boxes with the indication "NoInformation" or "Under Investigation". This denotes the lack of disposition and a lack ofability in actual case-by-case investigation, with results limited to information gatheredfrom journalistic sources and those accepted in complaints without no willingness tocorroborate the data. Deaths Decontextualized A recurrent feature in the lists is the removal from context each one of the dead andadjudging them as victims of the "repression" on the part of the government. In fact, thelists include victims of traffic accidents, altercations between gangs, murders byrobbery, those killed by accidental firing of a firearm and even more absurdly, a suicide.This is evidence of a campaign that, in the absence of a just cause, uses the death ofevery citizen as a motive to manipulate the emotions of the population in order tocounterpose “the people” against “the people.” It is necessary to know the set of circumstances surrounding the death of each citizen tounderstand whether that death has any direct or indirect relationship to the protests.

https://www.oas.org/es/cidh/informes/pdfs/Nicaragua-es-22junio2018-Anexo.pdf

https://www.oas.org/es/cidh/informes/pdfs/Nicaragua-es-22junio2018-Anexo.pdf

http://100noticias.com.ni/media/uploads/2018/06/26/informe-anpdh.pdf



For the purposes of this article, we define "Death Not Directly Related to Protests" asthose deaths that occurred outside the scenario of a demonstration, a confrontationinvolving protesters, the attack or destruction of institutional targets (or FSLNsupporters), or the looting of shops. The adverb "directly” is used to distinguish these deaths from those caused indirectly.As the product of the political and social destabilization imposed on the country, crimehas been empowered, taking ground, directly affecting Nicaraguan society and causingdeaths, which although not connected to the protests are an indirect consequence ofthem. Therefore, efforts will be made to identify the quantities corresponding to the followingvariables from the death lists of the three organizations:

Repeated Names Deaths Not Directly Related to Protests People murdered by the Opposition Protesters (protesters, opponents, opposition activists operating roadblocks...) Bystanders (uninvolved in the protests) Names with insufficient data to determine the context of the death Deaths omitted from each list

Sources for the Verification of the Lists The list of each report was verified name by name with information gathered fromnewspaper articles and press releases from the National Police. The biggest weaknessis that many media outlets are diverting, omitting or manipulating information for politicalpurposes. The following web pages correspond to most of the sources used to cross-check thelists:

The Press: laprensa.com.ni The New Newspaper: elnuevodiario.com.ni Confidential: http://www.com.ni 100% News: http://www.com.ni The 19 Digital: el19digital.com The New Radio Ya: nuevaya.com.ni National Police: http://www.policia.gob.ni Newspaper Today: http://www.hoy.com.ni Q'hubo Nicaragua: http://www.qhubo.com.ni TN8: http://www.tn8.tv The Voice of Sandinismo: http://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com

To verify the context in which the citizens cited in each list died, a matrix was drawn up that sought to identify the full name, photo, age, profession, place of death, reason for

http://el19digital.com/

http://www.qhubo.com.ni/

http://nuevaya.com.ni/

http://laprensa.com.ni/

http://www.lavozdelsandinismo.com/

http://www.tn8.tv/

http://www.hoy.com.ni/

http://www.policia.gob.ni/

http://www.com.ni/

http://www.com.ni/

http://elnuevodiario.com.ni/

death, context, observations and the sources for each case. The matrix is available at the following link: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1wAiENa7qE_wDWV8KwYbquYEkJxeFsfQS

About the CENIDH Report… CENIDH has issued three reports whose lists are not included in full in its third and mostrecent report, because each report refers to a specific period of time. Thus, the Third Report, covering the period from May 16th to June 18th, does not include in its list the deaths that occurred before May 16th. The information corresponding to the previous date is included in the two previous reports. As for its list, from its three reports, it is possible to identify one hundred and sixty-seven(167) dead as of June 18th. The CENIDH seems to be the most prudent organization in terms of attributing to the Government responsibility for the death of these citizens because upon verification the lists were found to have few duplicated names; the reports try to provide sound information on the context of the death of each of the citizens; and few cases lack incomplete data. The CENIDH list is not presented as a chart or table but as a section within each report,section entitled: "Killed and wounded as a result of government repression and violence". The names are grouped in chronological order, without reference numbers, and describe at least the full name, age, description of the context of the death and where it took place. For example:

“May 16thNoel Calderón Lagos, 19 years old, wounded by a bullet due to the repression

at the UPOLI at dawn on May 16th. From Department of Managua.”

Regarding the repeated names, 4 citizens were duplicated in the reports. On two occasions, the same name was mentioned in two different reports. In one case the name was incorrectly identified; and in another, a pseudonym of a citizen who had already been mentioned was added.

The following chart indicates the repeated names and the report which corresponds to each one on the list:

CENIDH - Repeated Names

Ref. Name AgeDate of

OccurenceLocation

Report 1 Nelson Téllez Huete No information 5/02 Ciudad Sandino

Report 2 Nelson Téllez Huete No information 5/02 Ciudad Sandino

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1wAiENa7qE_wDWV8KwYbquYEkJxeFsfQS

Report 2Noel Calderón

Ramos19 5/15 Managua

Report 3 Noel Calderón Lagos 19 5/16 Managua

Report 2Humberto Antonio

Parrales Reyes40 5/15 Managua

Report 3Humberto Antonio

Parrales Reyes39 5/16 Managua

Report 3Donald Ariel López

Áreas,27 6/02 Monimbó

Report 3Known as “The

Monkey”No information 6/02 Masaya

We proceed to subtract from the repeated names from the total amount of deaths (167),leaving the figure at 163 deaths.

From the investigation into the context of the citizens’ deaths cited by the CENIDH, it was verified that at least 19 citizens died for reasons not directly related to the protests.

Attempting to identify the circumstances in which these 19 citizens died, we can note:

● Murder and Motorcycle/Vehicle Theft : ○ 6 citizens

● Murder (Motivation Undetermined) :○ 3 citizens

● Murder and Theft : ○ 2 citizens

● Altercations among Gangs : ○ 2 citizens

● Property Conflicts (Land Grabs) : ○ 2 citizens

● Traffic Accident : ○ 1 citizen

● Accidental Firing of Firearm :○ 1 citizen

● Suicide : ○ 1 citizen

● Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard

○ 1 citizen

CENIDH - Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests


Occurence

Location Context

Report3

Ezequiel RiveraHernández

31 5/16 SiunaMurder (Motivation

Undetermined)

Report3

Bismark EnriqueChavarría

Noinformat

ion5/19 Managua Murder and Theft

Report3

Erick WilliamEspinoza

49 5/19 ManaguaMurder and Robberyof a Security Guard

Report3

Alejandro TomásHernández Estrada

17 5/26 ManaguaProperty Conflict

(Land Grabs)

Report3

Yader CastilloNo

information

5/26 ManaguaProperty Conflict

(Land Grabs)

Report3

Jaime José ReyesTéllez

20 5/26 ManaguaAltercation Among

Gangs

Report3

Rudy Chávez 21 5/27 ManaguaAltercation Among

Gangs

Report3

Fredy JosuéGonzález

18 5/20 ManaguaMurder and

Motorcycle Theft

Report3

Adolfo EnriqueCastellón Arauz

27 6/02 Managua Transit Accident

Report3

Marvin SolórzanoSalina

34 6/04 ManaguaMurder and Taxi

Theft

Report3

Camilo Javier ValleMartínez


Motorcycle Theft

Report3

Bismarck BadillaLópez

25 6/07 Carazo Suicide

Report3

Chris Montana 19 6/08 ManaguaMurder and

Motorcycle Theft

Report3

Víctor CabreraGarcía


Motorcycle Theft

Report Alejandro Enrique 24 6/11 Managua Accidental Firing of

3 Cárcamo Gago Firearm

Report3

Michael AlexanderLópez Medina

Noinformat

ion6/12 Managua

Murder (MotivationUndetermined)

Report3

Roberto Pablo CoreaChávez


Motorcycle Theft

Report3

Lucas Antonio SiriasPineda

Noinformat

ion6/13 León Murder and Theft

Report3

Wilton CornejoPeralta

Noinformat

ion6/14

Pantasma,Jinotega


Excluding the deaths that are not directly related to the protests, we now have a 144 outof all of the names that must be verified.

While carrying out the verification of the deaths, 44 comrades were identified as having been killed by the opposition. The inclusion of these names was ill-intentioned. Although in some cases the context of the death was briefly mentioned, the opposition has developed media propaganda which takes the deaths out of context in an attempt to spread the unconscious idea that the acts and responsibilities of the opposition must be assumed by the government.

The names of the 44 people and context in which they were murdered correspond to:

CENIDH – Murdered by the Opposition


Occurence

Location Context

Report1

Richard BermúdezPavón

17 4/19 TipitapaAttack on the TipitapaMunicipality building.

Report1

Hilton RafaelManzanares

33 4/19 ManaguaNational Police re-establishing order.

Report1

Cristian EmilianoCadena

23 4/20 LeónBurned inside of the CUUN,

allegedly tortured.

Report1

Jimmy Paíz 53 4/20 León Burned in Radio Darío event.

Report1

Apolonio DíazDelgadillo

Noinformation

4/20 León Burned in Radio Darío event.

Report1

Ismael José PérezVílchez

32 4/20 ManaguaGuarding a supermarket to

avoid theft.

Report1

Ángel EduardoGahona

43 4/21 BluefieldsCanal 6 Correspondent

covering robberies.

Report1

Juana FranciscaCano Águila

19 4/21 ManaguaNational Police re-establishing order.

Report1

Roberto CarlosGarcía Paladino

40 4/24 ManaguaGuarding a supermarket to

avoid theft.

Report2

José Alfredo UrrozJirón

30 5/16 MatagalpaInjured on his way home. Theroadblocks did not allow the

ambulances to pass.

Report2

Wilber David Reyes 22 5/15 MatagalpaAttack on the Matagalpa

Municipality building.

Report3

Holman EliezerZeledón

29 5/16 MatagalpaMurdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

Report3

Eduardo Spiegler 34 5/16 Managua

Crushed by a governmental‘Tree of Life,’ which was

knocked down by theopposition.

Report3

Marlon José OrozcoLargaespada

48 5/24 ManaguaMurdered by people guarding

the roadblocks in IvánMontenegro.

Report3

José David MartínezRivas

27 5/25 Managua

UNAN protesters confusedhim with a police and

murdered him, then stole hismotorcycle.

Report3

Jorge GastónPalacios

30 5/26 ManaguaMurdered by people guarding

the roadblocks in ElQuebracho, Boaco.

Report3

Keller Stiven PérezDuarte

22 5/26 Managua

Tortured and murdered byprotestors connected to El

Viper; abandoned at CuestaEl Plomo.

Report3

Douglas Mendiola 23 5/28 ManaguaNational Police, re-establishing order.

Report3

Heriberto MaudielPérez Díaz

Noinformation

5/30 ManaguaMurdered after participating in

the Cantata a Las Madres

Report Kevin Antonio Cufi No 5/30 Managua Murdered after participating in

3 Reyesinformation

the Cantata a Las Madres

Report3

Mauricio LópezNo

information

5/30 Estelí Guarding shops to avoid theft.

Report3

Jairo Antonio OsorioNo

information

5/30 EstelíAttacked in the FSLN

Caravan headed to Managua.

Report3

Juan AlejandroZepeda

18 5/30Chinande

gaAttack on the Chinandega


Report3

Marvin MeléndezLinarte

49 5/30Chinande



Report3

Sixto Henry Vera 48 6/02 ManaguaMurdered by Viper’s group of

protesters at the UPOLI.

Report3

Eduardo José LópezMendoza

22 6/02 MasayaPossible National Police,

Member of the IntelligenceDivision.

Report3

Carlos Evenor LópezFigueroa

22 6/02 WaslalaInjured for refusing to help put

up a roadblock.

Report3

Geovanny MenaReyes

Noinformation

6/02 TipitapaPeople guarding roadblocks

attacked citizens.

Report3

José AbrahamMartínez

22 6/04No

information

Attack on the MasayaDelegation building.

Report3

Salvador de JesúsArévalo

33 6/04 TipitapaMurdered by people guarding

roadblocks.

Report3

César Vega López 15 6/07Chinande

gaMurdered by people guarding

roadblocks.

Report3

Dixon Bismarck SozaEnríquez

43 6/11Mulukukú,Triángulo

MineroAttack on police post.

Report3

Carlos José ZamoraMartínez



Report3

Marco AntonioGonzález Briseño

41 6/11 Managua National Police Patrol

Report Jean Kerry Luna 29 6/14 Managua National Police Patrol

3 Gutiérrez

Report3

Ulises SantiagoGogo

28 6/14 BilwiAttack on FSLN party

building.

Report3

Marlon Javier MédinaToval

35 6/14 LeónMurdered for refusing

confiscation at a roadblock,motorcycle stolen.

Report3

Marcos GutiérrezNo

information

6/12Jinotepe,Carazo

Confrontation between peopleguarding roadblocks and the

police.

Report3

Guillermo MéndezNo

information

6/12Jinotepe,Carazo


police.

Report3

Ariel Ignacio VivasNo

information

6/12 ManaguaMurdered while collaboratingto take down the roadblocks.

Report3

Teodoro RuízNo

information

6/13Villa

Sandino,Chontales

Murdered in his home bypeople guarding the

roadblocks. Afterwards theystole his gun.

Report3

Francisco RamónArauz Pineda

Noinformation

6/16No

information

Murdered, burned, and hiscorpse vandalized for helpingto take down the roadblocks.

Report3

Antonio FernandezNo

information

6/16No

information

Murdered while collaboratingto take down the roadblocks.

Report3

Lilian JacquelineMartínez Valerio

18 6/16 ManaguaPregnant woman died

because the ambulance wasretained at the roadblock.

Excluding the repeated names, the citizens who died for reasons not directly related to the protests and the people murdered by the opposition, the total number of deaths is reduced to 100 people.

The CENIDH reports contain 48 names which lack information related to the person’s age and/or where the death occurred, which reduces the credibility of the information reflected by the CENIDH. However, the verification which was carried out was able to obtain the data for 34 out of the 48 citizens with incomplete information. As for the remaining 14 in this group, little information was found about 4 people, who only appear in the CENIDH report and whose names were disclosed by the same organization. Likewise, 10 citizens were identified whose contexts of death have not been verified. That is why they appear listed as 14 Names with Incomplete Data. All of these are noted in the spreadsheet that is referred to at the beginning of this document.

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1wAiENa7qE_wDWV8KwYbquYEkJxeFsfQS

Accounting for the people with incomplete data, the CENIDH can count just 86 people on their list of deaths, 35 of whom are considered to be citizens not involved in the protests; Nicaraguans who were just passing by and got trapped in a confrontation, victims of a bullet within the parameters of the protests, or random attacks outside of thecontext of the protests; and 51 citizens directly involved in the protests.

Omissions by the CENIDH

In the CENIDH reports, the deaths of 16 citizens are not included. They are excludedfor unknown reasons, which hints at the organization’s lack of capacity to investigate. Ofthese 16 citizens, 15 were murdered by the opposition and one was not involved.

The citizens omitted from the list correspond to events directly related to the protests and are the following:

CENIDH – Citizens Omitted from the List (24 Citizens)

Name AgeDate of

Occurence

Location Context

Abelino Guevara Obando 38 5/11 Siuna National Police Patrol

Carlos Alberto Miranda 19 5/11 ManaguaInstitutional Attack on

District VI

Jostán Abdel GutiérrezKoock

26 5/13 Managua

Crashed into agovernmental ‘Tree of Life’,which was knocked down by

the opposition.

Pánfila Alvarado Urbina 80 5/24 Boaco

Old woman died becausethe ambulance couldn’t

pass through theroadblocks.

Cándida Rosa Herrera Rizo 60 5/26 ManaguaRun over by a truck which

participated in theopposition protest.

Humberto José ReyesAlmanza

64 5/29 Nandaime

Traffic accident caused by agovernment billboard

knocked down and left inthe road by the opposition.

Pablo Roberto León Torres 39 6/01San

Miguelito

Run over by a group ofpeople guarding the

roadblocks, of which he wasa part of.

Franklin Javier Mercado 35 6/02 Tipitapa

Murdered by peopleguarding the road blocks.

Possibly by GeovannyMiguel Reyes.

Kevin José Cruz Ruiz 23 6/09 JinotepeTraffic accident caused by

the roadblocks.

Eyner Heriberto EspinozaRugama

19 6/12 JinotegaMurdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

Hernaldo SánchezChavarría

-- 6/13Villa

Sandino

Employee of Teodoro Ruiz(ref. 169), he was murdered

with him.

Son of Gabriela MaríaAguirre

25daysold

6/13 MasatepeAmbulance held in theroadblock. He died of

bronchoaspiration.

Nixia Hawkins Posly 15 6/14 BilwiAttack on FSLN party

building.

Jhon Warren Men 18 6/15 BilwiAttack on FSLN party

building.

Pablo Ramos Chavarría 21 6/17 JinotegaMurdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

Daysi Merari CornejoJarquín

32 6/18 EstelíFell from a motorcycle while

being stoned by peopleguarding the road blocks.

José Israel Cuadra Aguilar 49 5/14 ManaguaInjured by people guardingthe roadblocks on his way

home.

Elías José Sánchez Cuesta 17 6/02 MasayaInjured during the protests,

in Parque San Miguel.

Victor José Reyes 28 6/12 LeónInjured during the protests,near the Police Delegation.

Alberto José UrrozCárdenas

55 6/14 NagaroteWent to see a confrontation

and died.

José Antonio Cruz Solís 29 6/18 San MarcosInjured while passingthrough a roadblock.

Francisco Ponce Flores 22 5/14 SébacoInjured while being held up

in a roadblock.

Carlos Manuel SolísNo

information

5/23 LeónConfrontation between

people guarding roadblocksand the police.

Jorge Antonio GuerreroRivas

20 5/30 Managua

Supposedly murderedduring the Mother’s Day

march. The CENIDHreleased a statement

affirming he was alive. CIDHand ANPDH included it.

CENIDH: Contextualization of the Deaths / Final Results of the Verification

From the three CENIDH reports, which claim that the Nicaraguan government is responsible for the deaths of 167 citizens, it has been made possible to contextualize the majority of the deaths (exactly 93%, which corresponds to 153 citizens). The data for the remaining 8% (14 citizens) remains incomplete or inexact, so it has not been possible to determine the context in which they died. From this review, the following variables are identified:

Repeated Names: 4 citizens Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests: 19 citizens People murdered by the Opposition: 44 citizens Demonstrators (protestors, opposition activists, people operating roadblocks): 51

citizens Bystanders (not involved in protests): 35 citizens Names with insufficient data to determine context of deaths: 14 citizens

○ Total: 167 citizens

About the CIDH Report...

The appendix to the CIDH Final Report includes those who died during the period from April 19th to June 19th, 2018, showing a list of 212 names of people who have died since the beginning of the protests.

Of the inconsistencies and irregularities that were identified, it can be mentioned that there are duplicated names, decontextualized deaths and names without complete data (even one without more information than a pseudonym).

In relation to duplicated names, 9 repeat citizens were detected, whose names were notcorrectly identified in different media. Due to this inaccurate identification by the media at the time they issued the information is that some names and surnames do not agree exactly, however, upon verification it is concluded that they coincide in the same person.

In the following table the duplicated names are indicated by the reference number (Ref.)that corresponds to each one in the list:

CIDH - Repeated Names


OccurrenceLocation

12 Marlon Maneses Martínez Ramírez 28 4/20 Managua

23 Marlon Maneses Ramírez Sandino 20 4/20CiudadSandino

21 Álvaro Alberto Gómez Navarro 24 4/20 Monimbó

31 Álvaro Gómez Montalván 23 4/21 Masaya

37 Celso Josué Díaz Sevilla 19 4/22 Managua

55 Celso David Robles Díaz 30 4/22 Mateare

41 Ismael Isaías Pérez Martínez 24 4/22 Managua

42 Ismael Josué Pérez Vílchez 32 4/22 Managua

45 José Daniel Sánchez López 22 4/22 Managua

56 José Daniel Sánchez GarcíaNo

information

4/22 No information

98 José David Oviedo 27 5/25 Managua

99 José David Martínez Rivas 27 5/25 Managua

120 Marvin Meléndez LinarteNo

information

5/30 Chinandega

123 Marvin Meléndez Núñez 49 5/31 Managua

129 Donald Ariel López Áreas 27 6/02 Masaya

133 Known as “The Monkey"No

information

6/02 Masaya

110 Michael González HernándezNo

information

5/30 Managua

200 Michael Cipriano Gonzáles Hernández 35No

informationManagua

With this data, the list is reduced to 203 people. However, while inquiring about thecontext in which many of the citizens listed died, it was verified that at least 27 citizensdied for reasons that were not directly related to the protests.

Attempting to identify the circumstances in which these 27 citizens died, we can note:

Murder and Vehicle/Motorcycle Theft: o 6 Citizens

Murder (Motivation Undetermined): o 5 Citizens

Traffic Accident: o 2 Citizens

Property Conflict (Land Grabs): o 2 Citizens

Murder and Theft: o 2 Citizens

Altercation Among Gangs: o 3 Citizens

Altercation Among Relatives/Neighbors: o 1 Citizen

Home Invasion and Murder: o 1 Citizen

Accidental Firing of Firearm: o 1 Citizen

Asthma (Delayed Medical Attention): o 1 Citizen

Possibly not dead o 1 Citizen

Suicide: o 1 Citizen

Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard o 1 Citizen

CIDH – Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests

Ref. Name Age Date ofOccurrenc

Location Context

e

54Carlos Antonio Flores

Ríos19 4/22

CiudadSandino

Altercation AmongGangs

65Yamil Ronaldo Obregón

Bustos47 5/02

El Castillo, Río San

Juan


76José Alfredo Leiva

Chavarría17 5/13 Managua

Altercation amongRelatives/Neighbors

81 Carlos Abel Aguilar 25 5/14 SiunaHome Invasion and

Murder

82 José Andrés Pérez 33 5/14 TipitapaMurder (MotiveUndetermined)

87Erick William Espinoza

Mendoza49 5/16 Managua

Murder and Robbery of aSecurity Guard

90Ezequiel Rivera

Hernández31 5/16 Siuna


92Bismark Enrique

Chavarría

NoInforma

tion5/19 Managua Murder and Theft

93Benjamín Castillo

Castillo25 5/20 Managua Traffic Accident

97 Jaime José Reyes Téllez 22 5/25 ManaguaAltercation among

Gangs

103Alejandro Tomás

Hernández Estrada17 5/26 Managua

Property Conflict (LandGrabs)

104 Yader CastilloNo

Information

5/26 ManaguaProperty Conflict (Land

Grabs)

105 Rudy ChávezNo

Information

5/27 ManaguaAltercation among

Gangs

113 Fredy Josué González 18 5/30 ManaguaMurder and Motorcycle

Theft

117Víctor José Valerio

López

NoInforma

tion5/30 Managua Possibly still alive

127Adolfo Enrique Castellón

Arauz27 6/02 Managua Traffic Accident

138Camilo Javier Valle

Martínez31 6/04 Managua

Murder and MotorcycleTheft

139Marvin Solórzano

Salinas34 6/04 Managua Murder and Taxi Theft

149 Bismarck Badilla López 25 6/07 Carazo Suicide

150 Chris Montana 19 6/08 ManaguaMurder and Motorcycle

Theft

151 Víctor Cabrera García 39 6/09 ManaguaMurder and Motorcycle

Theft

158Alejandro Enrique

Cárcamo Gago24 6/11 Managua

Accidental Firing ofFirearm

163Michael Alexander

López Medina

NoInforma

tion6/12 Managua


164Roberto Pablo Corea

Chávez19 6/12 Managua


171Lucas Antonio Sirias

Pineda

NoInforma

tion6/13 León Murder and Theft

181 Wilton Cornejo PeraltaNo

Information

6/14Pantasma,Jinotega


206 Cristian José Pineda 28No

informationLeón

Asthma (DelayedMedical Attention)

Subtracting the repeated names of citizens and the deaths not directly related to theprotests, the list is now reduced to 176 people.

It is interesting to find the possibility of a dead person, identified in the list with referencenumber 117 and corresponding to the name "Víctor José Valerio López", who turns outto be the brother of a deceased involved in the protests, Jonathan Steven Valerio López(No. 44) and who was participating in the rallies for the death of his brother at the JeanPaul Genie rotonda.

The CIDH included in its list the death of 49 comrades murdered directly by theOpposition and, as indicated above with regard to the CENIDH list, here again there isa malicious inclusion that was made without determining the context in which they died,

fomenting in the population, through the media propaganda, the unconscious idea thatthe actions and responsibilities of the opposition must be assumed by the State.

The names of the 44 people and context in which they were murdered correspond to:

CIDH – Murdered by the Opposition


Occurence

Location Context

2Hilton Rafael Manzanares

Alvarado33 4/19 Managua

National Police, re-establishingorder.

3 Richard Bermúdez Pavón 17 4/19 ManaguaAttack on the TipitapaMunicipality building.

33Ángel Eduardo Gahona

López42 4/21 RACCN

Canal 6 Correspondent coveringrobberies.

34Christian Emiliano

Cárdenas24 4/21 León

Burned inside of the CUUN,allegedly tortured

42Ismael Josué Pérez

Vílchez32 4/22 Managua

Guarding a supermarket toavoid robbery.

48Juana Francisca Aguilar

Cano19 4/22 Managua

National Police, re-establishingorder.

53Jimmy Jaime Paiz

Barahona53 4/22 León Burned in Radio Darío event.

58Roberto Carlos García

Paladino40 4/23 Managua


61 Apolonio Delgadillo 45 4/24 León Burned in Radio Darío event.

73 Carlos Alberto Miranda 19 5/11 ManaguaAttack on Objetivo Institucional,

District IV

77Jostán Abdel Gutiérrez

Koock26 5/13 Managua

Crashed into a governmental‘Tree of Life’ which was knocked

down by the opposition.

85 Wilder Reyes Hernández 36 5/15 MatagalpaAttack on the Matagalpa


88 Holman Eliezer Zeledón 25 5/16 MatagalpaMurdered while collaborating to

take down the roadblocks.

89 José Alfredo Urroz Jirón 30 5/16 MatagalpaInjured on his way home. Theroadblocks did not allow the

ambulances to pass.

96Marlon José Orozco

Largaespada48 5/24 Managua

Murdered by people guardingthe roadblocks in Iván

Montenegro.

98 José David Oviedo 27 5/25 ManaguaUNAN protesters confused himwith a police and murdered him,

then stole his motorcycle.

100Cándida Rosa Herrera

Rizo60 5/26 Managua

Run over by a truck whichparticipated in the opposition

protest.

101 Jorge Gastón Palacios 30 5/26 ManaguaMurdered by people guarding

the roadblocks in El Quebracho,Boaco.

102Keller Esteven Pérez

Duarte23 5/26 Managua

Tortured and murdered byprotestors associated with Viper.

Abandoned in El Plomo.

106 Douglas Mendiola Viales 25 5/28 ManaguaNational Police, re-establishing

order.

109Heriberto Maudiel Pérez

Díaz25 5/30 Managua

Murdered after participating inthe Cantata a Las Madres.

118 Jairo Antonio Osorio 38 5/30 EstelíAttacked in the FSLN Caravan

headed to Managua.

120 Marvin Meléndez LinarteNo

information

5/30Chinande



122 Juan Alejandro Zepeda 18 5/31 ManaguaAttack on the Chinandega


128 Sixto Henry Vera 48 6/02 ManaguaMurdered by Viper’s group of

protesters at the UPOLI

130Eduardo José López

Mendoza22 6/02 Masaya

Possible National Police,Member of the Intelligence

Division

134 Geovanny Miguel Reyes 27 6/02 TipitapaInjured while people guarding

the roadblocks attacked citizens.

135Carlos Evenor López

Figueroa22 6/02 Waslala

Injured for refusing to help putup a roadblock.

140Salvador de Jesús

Arévalo33 6/04 Tipitapa

Murdered by people guardingroadblocks.

141 José Abraham Martínez 22 6/04 Noinformatio


n

147 César Oniel López Vega 25 6/07Chinande

gaInjured by people guarding the

roadblocks.

159Marco Antonio González

Briseño41 6/11 Managua National Police Patrol

160Dixon Bismarck Soza

Enríquez43 6/11

Mulukukú,TriánguloMinero

Attack on police post.

161Carlos José Zamora

Martínez36 6/11

Mulukukú,TriánguloMinero

Attack on police post.

165 Ariel Ignacio VivasNo

Information

6/12 ManaguaMurdered while collaborating to

remove roadblocks.

166 Marcos GutiérrezNo

Information

6/12Jinotepe,Carazo


police.

167 Guillermo MéndezNo

Information

6/12Jinotepe,Carazo


police.

169 Teodoro RuízNo

Information

6/13Villa

Sandino,Chontales

Murdered in his home by peopleguarding the roadblocks.

Afterwards they stole his gun.

173 Jean Kerry Luna Gutiérrez 29 6/14 Managua National Police Patrol.

177Marlon Javier Médina

Toval35 6/14 León

Murdered for refusingconfiscation at a roadblock,

motorcycle stolen.

180 Ulises Santiago Gogo 28 6/14 Bilwi Attack on FSLN party building.

188Francisco Ramón Arauz

Pineda

NoInformation

6/16No

Information

Murdered, burned, and hiscorpse vandalized for helping totake down the roadblocks.

189 Antonio FernandezNo

Information

6/16No

Information

Murdered while collaborating totake down the roadblocks.

196Eduardo Jessi Spiegler

Szejmer34

NoInformation

Managua

Crushed by a governmental‘Tree of Life,’ which was

knocked down by theopposition.

198 Kevin Antonio Cufi Reyes 21No

InformationManagua

Murdered after participating inthe Cantata a Las Madres

199 Liliam Jaquelin Martínez 18No

InformationManagua

Pregnant woman died becausethe ambulance was retained at

the roadblock.

201 Pánfila Alvarado Urbina 80No

InformationManagua

Old woman died because theambulance couldn’t passthrough the roadblocks.

209 Mauricio López Toruno 42No

InformationEstelí


212 Franklin Javier MercadoNo

Information

NoInformation

NoInformatio

n

Murdered by people guardingthe road blocks. Possibly by

Geovanny Miguel Reyes.

Excluding the repeated names, citizens that died for reasons unrelated to the protestsand the comrades murdered by the opposition, the list is now reduced to 127 names.

In this list, there are 59 names without information in one or more boxes about age, dateof death, and location. It is negligent to attribute these citizens’ deaths, whoseinformation is inexact or whose cause of death is unknown, to the State. Nonetheless,information on the deaths of 22 of the 59 was obtained through this verification. Inrelation to the 37 remaining names of this group, there was not a single reference foundfor 28 of the names; they appear only in the CIDH list (and the majority are includedlater in the ANPDH list). There were nine citizens who had unverifiable causes of death.For this reason they make up the list of 37 names with insufficient information. All ofthese notes have references in the spreadsheet referred to at the beginning of thisdocument.

At this point the list would have only 89 names, of which 38 correspond to citizensnot involved in protests, bystanders, and victims of bullets with at protests or attackedbut not related to the protests; and 52 citizens involved in the protests.

It is clear that the CIDH’s fieldwork was limited to receiving the opposition’s demandsand its media, as the Chancellor Denis Moncada pointed out in his speech during thepresentation of the Final Report before the Permanent Council of the Organization ofAmerican States (OAS): “The majority of the information sources cited by the CIDHcome from agencies and media that is in opposition to the government, whose news isfalse and manipulated”.

Omissions by the CIDH

Of the list from the CIDH report, the deaths of 16 citizens were not included. Theexclusion was made for unknown reasons and that only hints at the lack of research

capacity of the CIDH team in Nicaragua. Of those 16 citizens, 11 were murdered by theopposition, two were protestors and three were not involved.

The omitted citizens from the list correspond to events related to the protest and are thefollowing:

CIDH – Citizens Omitted from the List

Name AgeDate of

Occurrence

Location Context

Abelino Guevara Obando 38 5/11 Siuna National Police Patrol.

Humberto José ReyesAlmanza

64 5/29 Nandaime

Traffic accident caused by agovernment billboard knockeddown and left in the road by

the opposition

Pablo Roberto León Torres 39 6/01San

Miguelito


roadblocks, of which he was apart of.

Kevin José Cruz Ruiz 23 6/9 JinotepeTraffic Accident caused by a

roadblock.

Eyner Heriberto EspinozaRugama

19 6/12 JinotegaMurdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

Hernaldo Sánchez Chavarría -- 6/13Villa

Sandino

Employee of Teodoro Ruiz(ref. 169), he was murdered

with him.

Minor, son of Gabriela MaríaAguirre

25daysold

6/13 MasatepeAmbulance held in theroadblock. He died of

bronchoaspiration.

Nixia Hawkins Posly 15 6/14 BilwiAttack on FSLN party

building.

Jhon Warren Men 18 6/15 Bilwi Attack on FSLN party

building.

Pablo Ramos Chavarría 21 6/17 JinotegaMurdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

Daysi Merari Cornejo Jarquín 32 6/18 EstelíFell from a motorcycle while

being stoned by peopleguarding the road blocks.

Victor José Reyes 28 6/12 LeónInjured during the protests,near the Police Delegation.

Alberto José Urroz Cárdenas 55 6/14 NagaroteWent to see a confrontation

and died.

José Antonio Cruz Solís 29 6/18San

MarcosInjured while passing through

a roadblock.

Francisco Ponce Flores 22 5/14 SébacoInjured while being held up in

a roadblock.

Carlos Manuel SolísNo

information

5/23 LeónConfrontation between peopleguarding roadblocks and the

police.

CIDH: Contextualization of the Deaths | Final Results of the Verification

From the Appendix “List of deaths in Nicaragua since the start of the protests (19 April-19 June 2018)” of the Final Report presented by the CIDH in which the Nicaraguan Government is judged to be responsible for the death of 212 citizens, the majority of thedeaths have been contextualized, exactly 83% or 175 citizens. The remaining 17% (37 citizens) have insufficient information to determine the cause of death. From this review,the following variables are identified:

Repeated Names : 9 citizens Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests : 27 citizens People murdered by the Opposition : 49 citizens Demonstrators (protesters, opposition activists, people operating roadblocks) : 52

citizens Bystanders (not involved in the protests) : 37 citizens Names with insufficient data to determine context of deaths : 38 citizens

o TOTAL : 212

About the ANPDH Report…

The ANPDH report considers the deaths that occurred between April 19th and June 25th, 2018, presenting a list of 285 deaths since the beginning of the protests. To date, it is the most "complete" report regarding the protests.

The inconsistencies and irregularities that were identified are the same as in the two previous reports (CENIDH and CIDH): duplicated deaths, decontextualized deaths and names without complete data (again some have no more than a pseudonym).

In relation to the duplicated deaths, 2 repeated citizens were detected corresponding to:

ANPDH - Repeated Names


OccurrenceLocation

61 Donald Ariel López Ruíz 26 6/02 Masaya

68 El Mono (nickname)Investigat

ion inProgress

6/02 Masaya

41 Ismael Isaías Pérez Martínez 24 4/22 Chichigalpa

42 Ismael José Pérez Vílchez 32 4/22 Managua

The list is reduced to 283, In verifying the context in which citizens died, we find that at least 49 citizens died under circumstances unrelated to the protests directly, among which we include:

Murder (Motivation Unknown): o 9 citizens

Property Conflict (Land Grabs): o 8 Citizens

Murder and Vehicle/Motorcycle Theft : o 7 Citizens

Home Invasion and Murder: o 5 Citizens

Traffic Accident: o 4 Citizens

Murder and Theft: o 4 Citizens

Altercation Among Gangs: o 4 Citizens

Altercation Among Relatives/Neighbors: o 3 Citizens

Accidental Firing of Firearm: o 2 Citizens

Murder and Robbery of a Security Guard: o 1 Citizen

Asthma (Delayed Medical Attention): o 1 Citizen

Epilepsy (Delayed Medical Attention): o 1 Citizen

The following table identifies the circumstances in which each of the above citizens died:

ANPDH - Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests

Ref.

Name AgeDate of

Occurence

Location Context

3Adolfo EnriqueCastellón Arauz

27 6/02 Managua Traffic Accident

6Alejandro Enrique

Cárcamo Gago24 6/11 Managua


14Álvaro Gustavo Urroz

González31 6/14 Managua


28Carlos Abel Aguilar

Solís26 5/14 Siuna

Home Invasion andMurder

22Benjamín Castillo

Castillo25 5/20 Managua Traffic Accident

24Bismark EnriqueChavarría Juárez

44 5/18 Managua Murder and Theft

26Camilo Javier Valle

Martínez31 6/03 Managua


30Carlos Antonio Flores

Ríos17 4/22 Ciudad Sandino


44Christhoper Roberto

Castillo Rosales23 6/25 Jinotepe


45Cristhofer AntonioOrozco Alvarado

18 6/07 ManaguaMurder and Motorcycle

Theft

47Cristhiam José

Pineda Martínez28 5/07 León

Asthma (DelayedMedical Attention)

58 Denís Jarquín

Investigation in

Progress

5/17 RositaNational Police.

Property Conflict (LandGrabs).

74Erick William

Espinoza Mendoza49 5/16 Managua

Murder and Robbery ofa Security Guard

77Ezequiel Hernández

Rivera41 5/15 Siuna


79Filemón Cruz

González78 5/08 Matagalpa


81Francisco Hurtado

Sánchez

Investigation in

Progress

6/25 ManaguaProperty Conflict (Land

Grabs)

90Fredy Josué

González Olivas18 5/29 Managua


97Gregorio Orozco

Gatica85 6/22 Acoyapa


101Harold Daniel

Ramírez Cerda18 6/21 Managua


108 Hickler Cano Tinoco 22 5/25 El Cuá, JinotegaMurder (Motivation

Undetermined)

115Jaime José Reyes

Téllez22 5/25 Managua

Altercation amongGangs

135José Luis Alemán

Mendieta16 5/29 Ciudad Sandino


144José Alfredo Leiva

Chavarría

Investigation in

Progress

5/12 MatagalpaAltercation Among

Relatives/Neighbors

150 José Andrés Pérez 33 5/14 TipitapaMurder (Motivation

Undetermined)

159Juan Carlos Arróliga

Báez40 5/24 Boaco

Altercation AmongRelatives/Neighbors

162Juan Carlos Mejía

Moreno17 5/30 Managua


163 Juan Peralta

Investigation in

Progress

5/17 RositaProperty Conflict (Land

Grabs)

164Juan Eduardo

Salinas Quintero38 6/21 Managua

Assault and Motorcycle/Vehicle Theft

173Kevin Alexander

González16 6/21 Ciudad Sandino


176Layhani Nohelia Real

Sánchez11 6/22 Nagarote

Epilepsy (DelayedMedical Attention)

182Lucas José Sirias

Pineda31 6/13 León Murder and Theft

199 Marvin Loáisiga Investigation in

6/12 Mulukukú Home Invasion andMurder

Progress

201Marvin Antonio

Solórzano Salina34 6/04 Managua Murder and Taxi Theft

207Michael Alexander

López Medina25 6/12 Managua


224 Pedro Rostrán Meza 18 6/09 ManaguaAltercation Among

Gangs

227 Reynaldo Jarquín

Investigation in

Progress


Grabs)

229Roberto Carlos

Balladares Casco32 6/18 Managua

Altercation AmongRelatives/Neighbors

230Roberto Pablo Corea

Chávez23 6/12 Managua


232Ruddy David Chávez

Sánchez21 5/27 Managua


237 Sixto Jarquín

Investigation in

Progress


Grabs)

239Socorro González

Arauz55 6/12 Rosita Traffic Accident

241Terencio Isaías

Escorcia25 6/20 Matagalpa Murder and Theft

243Tomás Alejandro

Estrada Hernández 19 5/25 Managua


247 Valeria Rodríguez 19 6/24 León Traffic Accident

248Victor Manuel Bello

Bonilla56 5/30 Rivas Murder and Theft

249Víctor Genaro

Cabrera García39 6/09 Managua


256Wilton Cornejo

Peralta18 6/14

Pantasma,Jinotega


258 Yader Castillo Invest 5/25 Managua Property Conflict (Land

igation in

Progress

Grabs)

260Yamil Ronaldo

Obregón Bustos47 4/30

El Castillo, Río San Juan


With the information from the Deaths Not Related Directly to Protests, the list is reducedto 234 people.

As the other bodies (CENIDH and CIDH) have done, ANPDH also included in its list the death of comrades murdered by the Opposition, which is how the list of 60 people directly murdered by the opposition was calculated.

The names and context in which the 60 people were murdered are listed here:

ANPDH – Murdered by the Opposition

Ref.

Name AgeDate of

Occurrence

Location Context

1 AbelinoGuevaraObando

38 5/11 Siuna National Police Patrol

16Ángel EduardoGahona López

42 4/21 BluefieldsCanal 6 Correspondent

covering robberies.

17 Antonio

Fernández

Investigation inProgres

s

6/16 ManaguaMurdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

18Apolonio Díaz

Delgadillo


s

4/20 LeónBurned in Radio Darío

event.

19Ariel Ignacio

Vivas27 6/12 Managua

Murdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

27Cándida RosaHerrera Rizo

62 5/26 ManaguaRun over by a truck which

participated in theopposition protest.

31Carlos Alberto

Miranda19 5/11 Managua

Institutional Attack onDistrict VI

34 Carlos Evenor

López Figueroa22 6/02 Waslala

Injured for refusing to helpput up a roadblock.

37 Carlos José

ZamoraMartínez



38Carolina de los

Ángeles ColladoDelgadillo

40 6/23 MasayaMurdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

41 César OnielLópez Vega

22 6/06 ChinandegaInjured by people guarding

the roadblocks.

43ChristiamEmilianoCadenas

23 4/20 LeónBurned inside of the

CUUN, allegedly tortured

57Daysi Merari

Cornejo Jarquín 32 6/18 Estelí

Fell from a motorcyclewhile being stoned by

people guarding the roadblocks.

59Dixon BismarckSoza Enríquez

43 6/11 Mulukukú Attack on police post.

62Douglas

Mendiola Viales26 5/28 Managua

National Police, re-establishing order.

66 Eduardo Jessi

SpieglerSzejmer

34 5/16 Managua

Crushed by agovernmental ‘Tree of

Life,’ which was knockeddown by the opposition.

64 Eduardo José

López Mendoza37 6/02 Masaya

Possible National Police,Member of the Intelligence

Division

76 Eyner Heriberto

EspinozaRugama

32 6/12 Jinotega Murdered while helping totake down the roadblocks.

80 Francisco

Ramón ArauzPineda

54 6/16 Managua

Murdered, burned, and hiscorpse vandalized for

helping to take down theroadblocks.

88Franklin Javier

Mercado35 6/02 Tipitapa

Murdered by peopleguarding the road blocks.

Possibly by GeovannyMiguel Reyes.

95 Giovanny 28 6/02 Tipitapa Injured while people

Miguel Reyesguarding the roadblocks

attacked citizens.

98GuillermoMéndez


s

6/12 JinotepeConfrontation betweenpolice and the people

guarding the road blocks.

105

HeribertoMaudiel Pérez

Díaz25 5/30 Managua

Murdered afterparticipating in the

Cantata a Las Madres

107

HernaldoSánchezChavarría


s

6/13 Villa SandinoEmployee of Teodoro Ruiz

(ref. 169), murderedtogether.

109Hilton RafaelManzanares

Alvarado33 4/19 León


110Holman Eliezer

Zeledón26 5/16 Matagalpa


113 Ismael JosuéPérez Vílchez

32 4/22 ManaguaGuarding a supermarket

to avoid theft.

117 Jairo Antonio

OsorioRaudales

39 5/30 EstelíAttacked in the FSLNCaravan headed to

Managua.

120Jean Kerry Luna

Gutiérrez29 6/14 Managua National Police Patrol

130 Jhon Warren

Men18 6/15 Bilwi

Attack on FSLN partybuilding.

125Jimmy Jaime

Paiz Barahona53 4/20 León

Burned in Radio Daríoevent.

133Jorge Gastón

Palacios Vargas30 5/26 Boaco

Murdered by peopleguarding the roadblocks in

El Quebracho, Boaco.

137 José Abraham

Martínez21 6/03 Masaya


157José AlfredoUrroz Jirón

29 5/16 Matagalpa

Injured on his way home.The roadblocks did not

allow the ambulances topass.

149 José David 27 5/25 Managua UNAN protesters

Oviedoconfused him with a police

and murdered him, thenstole his motorcycle.

158 Jostán Abdel

Gutiérrez Koock26 5/13 Managua

Crashed into agovernmental ‘Tree of Life’which was knocked down

by the opposition.

165Juan AlejandroZepeda Gastón

18 5/30 ChinandegaAttack on the Chinandega


166 Juana Francisca

Aguilar Cano19 4/21 Managua


170 Keller EstevenPérez Duarte

23 5/23 Managua

Tortured and murdered byprotestors connected to El

Viper; abandoned atCuesta El Plomo.

171Kevin AntonioCoffin Reyes

22 5/30 ManaguaMurdered after

participating in theCantata a Las Madres

181Liliam JaquelineMartínez Valerio

18 5/17 Boaco

Pregnant woman diedbecause the ambulance

was retained at theroadblock.

188Marcos Antonio

GonzálezBriseño

41 6/11 Managua National Police Patrol

189 Marcos

GutiérrezAcevedo

Aprox.60

6/12 JinotepeConfrontation between

people guardingroadblocks and the police.

196 Marlon JavierMedina Toval

37 6/15 Quezalguaque

Murdered for refusingconfiscation at a

roadblock, motorcyclestolen.

197Marlon José

OrozcoLargaespada

48 5/25 ManaguaMurdered by people

guarding the roadblocks inIván Montenegro.

202 Marvyn José

MeléndezNuñez

49 5/30 El ViejoAttack on the Chinandega


203 Mauricio RamónLópez Toruño

42 5/30 EstelíGuarding a supermarket

to avoid theft.

213 Nitzia Hackins

Polly15 6/14 Bilwi

Attack on FSLN partybuilding.

285 Son of GabrielaMaría Aguirre

25 days 6/13 MasatepeThe roadblocks did notallow the ambulance to

pass.

222 Pablo Ramos

Chavarría21 6/17 Jinotega


221 Pablo RobertoLeón Torres

39 6/01El Tule, San

Miguelito


roadblocks, of which hewas a part of.

223 Pánfila Alvarado

Urbina80 5/24 Boaco

Old woman died becausethe ambulance couldn’t

pass through theroadblocks.

228Richard

Eduardo PavónBermúdez

17 4/19 ManaguaAttack on the TipitapaMunicipality building.

231 Roberto CarlosGarcía Paladino

40 4/23 ManaguaGuarding a supermarket

to avoid robbery.

234Salvador de

Jesús Arévalo

Investigation in Progress

6/04 TipitapaMurdered by people

guarding the roadblocks.

238 Sixto Henry

Vera48 6/02 Managua

Murdered by Viper’s groupof protesters at the UPOLI

240 Teodoro Andrés

Ruíz Gámez52 6/13

Villa Sandino,Chontales

Murdered in his home bypeople guarding the

roadblocks. Afterwardsthey stole his gun.

246Ulises Santiago

Gogo29 6/14 Bilwi

Attack on the FSLN partybuilding.

253 Wilder David

ReyesHernández

36 5/15 MatagalpaAttack on the Matagalpa


262 Zaira Julissa

López

Investigation in Progress

6/25 Nagarote National Police,Taking down the

Roadblocks

Excluding the duplicated names, the citizens that died for reasons not associated directly with the protests and the comrades murdered by the opposition, the list is reduced to 174 names.

One particularity of the ANPDH list is that it included 23 unidentified citizens, who supposedly have photos, journalistic notes, and/or documentary evidence, which were not included in the Preliminary Report. From the verification, a minor (reference number 285) was identified who died from bronchial aspiration after presenting respiratory problems in an ambulance that was stopped at a roadblock in Masatepe.

On the list, there are a minimum of 102 names with blank boxes and/or listed under “investigation” in one or more boxes referring to identification, age, cause of death, location and date. From the verification process, 53 of the 102 citizens on the list were found to have incomplete information. In relation to the 49 remaining from this group, there was no reference to determine the cause of the death. So, there are 49 names with incomplete data on the list. These notes are all included in the spreadsheet.

At this point the list would have only 103 names, of which 45 are of citizens not involved in protests ; bystanders, victims of bullets with at protests or attacked but not related to the protests; and 58 citizens involved directly in protests.

Omissions by the ANPDH

From the ANPDH list, the death of 5 citizens were not included for unknown reasons.

The citizens omitted from the list are the following:

ANPDH – Citizens Omitted from the List

Name AgeDate of

Occurence

Location Context

Francisco FloresPonce

22 5/14 SébacoInjured while being held up at a

roadblock.

Humberto JoséReyes Almanza

64 5/29 Nandaime

Traffic accident caused by agovernment billboard knocked

down and left in the road by theopposition.

Kevin José CruzRuiz

23 6/09 Jinotepe Traffic Accident caused by aroadblock.

Carlos ManuelSandino

Hernández39 4/21 Masaya

Injured while walking. He was notparticipating in the protests.

Gilberto Urroz 55 6/14 NagaroteInjured while performing a

procession in the city.

ANPDH: Contextualization of the Deaths | Final result of the verificationFrom the Preliminary Report “Nicaraguan Citizens Killed in Civic Protest as a Human Rights and Executed by Armed Groups (Paramilitary or Shock Forces) for the period: 4/19/2018 to 6/25/2018. (66 calendar days)," the ANPDH attributes the Nicaraguan Government the responsibility of 285 citizens’ deaths. We have been able to contextualize the majority, 75%, or 214 of the deaths, and the remaining 25% (71 citizens) have insufficient or incorrect information to be able to determine the cause of death. From this review, the following variables are identified:

Repeated Names : 2 citizens Deaths Not Directly Related to Protests : 49 citizens People murdered by the Opposition : 60 citizens Demonstrators (protestors, opposition activists, people operating roadblocks…) :

58 citizens Bystanders (not involved in protests) : 45 citizens Names with insufficient information to determine context of deaths : 71 citizens.

o TOTAL : 285

The Triad and Their Formula

The three lists up until June 25th offer an accumulated total of 293 dead citizens. However, as this report points out that, that figure by no mean implies total responsibilityon the part of the government. By contextualizing each case, they can be segregated in the following way:

Deaths Not Directly Related to the Protests : 51 citizen s Murdered by the Opposition: 60 citizens Demonstrators (protesters, opposition activists, people operating roadblocks...) :

59 citizens Bystanders (not involved in the protests) : 46 citizens Names with insufficient information to determine context of deaths : 77 citizens.

○ TOTAL : 293

As is clear from this untangling of the data, the human rights organizations havemonopolized the deaths of citizens and share the same variables so as to inflate thelists of the dead. Looking at the way the lists are configured, the average inflation rate is53% as regards the real number of victims of the protests. That percentage can bedisaggregated as follows : 3% repeated names; 20% deaths not directly related to theprotests; and 30% cases with incomplete, imprecise or non-existent data.

The formula one might use to define the estimate quantity increasing a list of deadpeople would be as follows:

RVP + RN + DNDR + IIND = Inflated list of deaths blamed on the government

Where,

RVP = Real victims of the protests (Demonstrators + People murdered by the opposition + Bystanders not involved in the protests)RN = Repeated names (RVP * 03%)DNDR = Deaths not directly related to the protests (RVP * 20%)IIND = Names with incomplete, imprecise or non-existent data (RVP * 30%)

The need to increase the deaths and include them in the context of the protests isrelated to the specific objective of stoking peoples emotions so as to create discord anddelegitimize the government

The equation is used so as to obtain a speculative number and on that basis to inflatethe list of people dead using numbers readily manipulated according to the criteria ofeach organization.

…and that is how one inflates a list of the dead so as to discredit a government.

July 8th, 2018Enrique Hendrix

monopolizing death: or how to frame a government by ... · three organizations stand out: the...

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