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The 3rd Training courseTUNNELLING IN URBAN AREA
Prague, 4-5th May 2007
MonitoringMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban of Tunnels in Urban AreasAreas
MScMSc. Felix. Felix AmbergAmberg(Amberg Engineering(Amberg Engineering LtdLtd.., , SwitzerlandSwitzerland))
ITA - AITES WORLD TUNNEL CONGRESS 2007 PRAGUE
TRAINING MATERIAL PREPARED BY
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5ConclusionsConclusions
RiskRisk ManagementManagement
MonitoringMonitoring
IntroductionIntroduction
MonitoringMonitoring of of UrbanUrban TunnelsTunnels, , ExamplesExamples
Index
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Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
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Systematic Monitoring as Part of Risk Management
Can Prevent Catastrophic Failures
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
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Risk Management
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
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Technical monitoring of tunnels provides methods and applications of measurements to control and observe entire construction projects.
The monitoring measurements are defined within the risk management process.
Therefore the following slides describe first the process of risk management and then the monitoring of tunnels in urban areas.
Monitoring and Risk Management
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Risk Management
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
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Risk management is the systematic process of identifying, analyzing and responding to project risks.
Risk management is
• not only a single event
• a continuous process during the entire project.
Therefore the risk control is part of the project life cycle from project initiation to project completion.
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Risk Management
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
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11 Steps
•Risk Identification
Risk management consists of:
•Risk Responding
•Risk Control
•Risk Management Planning
•Risk Analysis
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Risk Management
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Flowchart
Risk Identification
Risk Responding
Risk Management Planning
Risk Analysis
Riskacceptable
New Risks
Risk Monitoring and Control
yes
yes
no
no
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Risk Management
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Classifications According to ITA Guidelines
(Quelle: Guidelines for tunnelling risk management: International Tunnelling Association, Working Group No. 2, Eskesen, S.D., Tengborg, P. et al, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 19 (2004)
Probability of Occurance
(Frequency)
• Very unlikely
• Unlikely
• Occasional
• Lokely
• Very likely
Impact
(Consequence)
• Insignificant
• Considerable
• Serious
• Severe
• Disastrous
The classifications can be defined according to the specific project.
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Risk Management
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Risk Analysis Matrix According to ITA Guidelines
Conse-quency
Fre-quency
insignificant considerably serious severe disastrous
very likely
(Quelle: Guidelines for tunnelling risk management: International Tunnelling Association, Working Group No. 2, Eskesen, S.D., Tengborg, P. et al, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 19 (2004)
unwanted unwanted unacceptable unacceptable unacceptable
likely acceptable unwanted unwanted unacceptable unacceptable
occasional acceptable acceptable unwanted unwanted unacceptable
unlikely negligible acceptable acceptable unwanted unwanted
very unlikely negligible negligible acceptable acceptableunwanted
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Risk Mangement
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Risk Analysis According to ITA Guidelines
Unwanted: Risk mitigation measures shall be identified. The measures shall be implemented as long as the costs of the measures are not disproportionate with the risk reduction obtained.
Acceptable: The hazard shall be managed throughout th project. Consideration of risk mitigation is not required.
Negligible: No further consideration of the hazard is needed.
Unacceptable: The risk shall be reduced as least to Unwantedregardless of the cost risk mitigation.
(Quelle: Guidelines for tunnelling risk management: International Tunnelling Association, Working Group No. 2, Eskesen, S.D., Tengborg, P. et al, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 19 (2004)
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Risk Management
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Risk Responding, Possible Strategies
Transfer:
transfer the risk to another party which is then responsible to handle the impact
Mitigate:
reduce the risk to make it more acceptable to the project by reducing the probability and/or the impact
Accept:
accept the risk (normally done for project risk which have a low priority or a low impact)
Avoid:
eliminate the uncertainty or execute the project in a different way 22
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Risk Management
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Risk Responding, Mitigation
(Quelle: Int. Tunnelling Association (ITA) and Risk; Parker, H.W.; George Fox Seminar; New York, 2005
Consequences, Impact
Likelihood, Probability, Frequency
Initial risk
Residual risk
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Monitoring
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
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Technical monitoring consists of measurements and their continuous assessment to control a construction project .
-Technical monitoring is defined as part of the risk responding. The kind of measurements and the locations are defined.
-The measurement results are continuously recorded and assessed during the project as part of the risk control.
The following slides focus on the technical monitoring and describe methods and applications.
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Monitoring
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Monitoring by
Investigations and Measurements
• Settlement control by levelling
• Vibration measurements
• Measurements by crackmeters and inclination sensors
• Investigations (geophysicalPrediction, Exploratory Drillings)
• 3D-Reflector survey
• Extensometer-, inclinometermeasurements
• Control of ground water table by piezometers
Monitoring of tunnelstructure and ground Monitoring of the surface
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5ConclusionsConclusions
Risk ManagementRisk Management
MonitoringMonitoring
IntroductionIntroduction
Monitoring of UrbanMonitoring of Urban Tunnels, ExamplesTunnels, Examples
Index
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Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
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Example Uetliberg Road Tunnel
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Overview
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2 tubes (each 4.4 km)Cross-cut with pedestrian access every 300 mCross-cut with vehicular access every 900 mSOS niches every 150 m
2 tubes (each 4.4 km)Cross-cut with pedestrian access every 300 mCross-cut with vehicular access every 900 mSOS niches every 150 m
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Example Uetliberg Road Tunnel
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Selected Excavation Method: Core Method
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Example Uetliberg Road Tunnel
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Section under Landikontunnel
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Example Uetliberg Road Tunnel
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Section under Landikontunnel
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Extensometer
Vibration measurements Convergency measurements
Tube Chur Tube Basel
Prisms (3D Optical Survey)
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Example PTS-Tunnel Zurich Airport
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Overview
PTS Tunnel
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Example PTS-Tunnel Zurich Airport
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
PTS and Road Tunnels
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Example PTS-Tunnel Zurich Airport
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Defined Risk Areas
ApronsRunway Bravo
(planned)
Runway 10/28Apron (planned)
Terminal Midfield
Cut and Cover Midfield Tunnel Construction ø 5.40 m
Undercrossing Terminal A
PTS-Station
Terminal A
PTS-Station
Airside Center
Tube 1
100 m
0 m
2 00 m
3 00 m
400 m
5 00 m
600 m
70 0 m
800 m
88 2 m
Legend :
Starting Pit, Exit
TBM-Heading, general
Aircontrol Infrastructurcanal
Taxiways, Aprons
Undercrossing Terminal A
Exit Pit
Runway 10/28
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Example PTS-Tunnel Zurich Airport
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Excavation in Soft Ground with Hydroshield
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Example PTS-Tunnel Zurich Airport
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Defined Risk Areas, Undercrossing Terminal A
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Construction Pit
Foundation of existingTerminal
Auxiliary Gallery (yellow)
PTS Tunnel
PTS Tunnel
Wells, Pillars
PTS Tunnel
PTS Tunnel
Wells, Pillars
PTS Tunnel
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Example Circle Line, Stage 4+5, Singapore
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Top View
Service lines(electricity, gas, water
Cut and coversection
Tunnels
Existingbuildings22
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Example Circle Line, Stage 4+5, Singapore
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
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Outer Tunnel
Inner Tunnel
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Example Circle Line, Stage 4+5, Singapore
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Predicted Ground Settlements
Predictedgroundsettlements in [mm]
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2520
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Example Circle Line, Stage 4+5, Singapore
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Monitoring of Settlements by Levelling
Settlement marker(electrical cables)Settlement marker(electrical cables)
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Example Circle Line, Stage 4+5, Singapore
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Monitoring of the Tunnel under Construction
Optical prism
Strain gauge
Load cell
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Example Dobrovskeho Road Tunnel, Brno, CZ
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
DobrovskehoTunnel
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Tunnel
Westportal
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Example Dobrovskeho Road Tunnel, Brno, CZ
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
West Portal
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Example Dobrovskeho Road Tunnel, Brno, CZ
Monitoring of Tunnels in Urban AreasMonitoring of Tunnels in Urban Areas
Cross section 10
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