monitoring of power system dynamic performance tutorial part … · 2014-11-28 · monitoringof...

Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance, Tutorial 2b, 2006, April 25th, Moscow 1

Monitoring of Power System Dynamic Performance

Tutorial Part 2, Section 2:

Control Principles Used in the Control of the

UCTE Power System

ETRANS, Laufenburg, Switzerland

Walter Sattinger

System Planning and Studies Dept.


Content

• System requirements and coordination process

• Primary and secondary control principle

• Control quality recordings

• Standards, rules and settings – UCTE Operation Handbook

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS | CONTROL PRINCIPLE | SYSTEM RECORDINGS | OPERATION HANDBOOK


BELIA

NLTENNET

FRTE

NORTH

SOUTH

EREE

PREN

IGRTN

8

CHETRANS

5

DRWE NET

4

AVERBUND APG

Presently separated fromthe rest of UCTE

L: industrial net with B, public net with D

DK: Continental part (ELTRA) only

HMAVIR

PL

CZCEPS

SKSE

HRHEP

SLOELES

BiH

YUEKC

BGNEC

ALKESH

GRHTSO

*#

(L*)

(L*) +

+ DK#

PSE

Centrel

+ TIRAG

3

ROTRANSELECTRICA

Legend:

control block

control area

not UCTE member

= block coordinator

coordination performed in Brauweiler

coordination performed in Laufenburg

observation line

WestUK

MAGREB

Current UCTE Control Block Structure



Frequency – Mirror of System Behaviour

49.88

49.89

49.90

49.91

49.92

49.93

49.94

49.95

49.96

49.97

49.98

49.99

50.00

50.01

50.02

16:45:00 16:50:00 16:55:00 17:00:00 17:05:00 17:10:00 17:15:00

8. Dezember 2004

f [Hz]

49.88

49.89

49.90

49.91

49.92

49.93

49.94

49.95

49.96

49.97

49.98

49.99

50.00

50.01

50.02

16:45:00 16:50:00 16:55:00 17:00:00 17:05:00 17:10:00 17:15:00

8. Dezember 2004

f [Hz]

Frequency Athens

f - Setpoint

Frequency Mettlen

PP - Outage

PS Oscillation



UCTE Coordination Center Duties

• Coordination of schedules and accounting for UCTE North/South

• Frequency monitoring / time correction

• Power system monitoring

coordination center

control block coordinator

control area operator

UCTE South UCTE North

market participant

UCTE accounting areas

control block

control area

market

PlanningPlanning

Accounting

Analyse

Measurement

for yesterday

Operating

today

Reporting

Information +

Measurement

Planning

Information

Schedule

for tomorrow



Primary Control Principle


Source: UCTE Operation Handbook


Secondary Control Principle / Network

Characteristic Method




Secondary (Network Characteristic) Control Principle

Realisation

Kr

f0

f

+ -

- ACE

+

P0

+

+∆P

PI Controller

C1

C2

Cn

∆PdP

Schedule

Primary control

contribution

Area active power

exchange

Area

control

error

Power plants

contributing to

the secondary

control



Change of Schedule

UCTE southUCTE north P0

10 minutes

t

change of

hour



0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

50.00

50.05

50.10

49.95

49.85

49.90

Frequency[Hz]

49.85

49.9

49.95

50

50.05

49.85

49.9

49.95

50

50.05

49.85

49.9

49.95

50

50.05

January 27th, 2006

Schedule Change [GW]

0

1

2

3

4

5



1800.01440.01080.0720.00360.000.000 [s]

1000.0

-300.00

-1600.0

-2900.0

-4200.0

-5500.0Messdatei: Italia: Exchange Power / MW

1800.01440.01080.0720.00360.000.000 [s]

50.120

50.080

50.040

50.000

49.960

49.920Messdatei: Laufenburg Frequency / Hz

Messdatei: Frequency Setpoint / Hz

1800.01440.01080.0720.00360.000.000 [s]

3000.0

1700.0

400.00

-900.00

-2200.0

-3500.0Messdatei: FEP: Exchange Power / MW

Messdatei: FEP: Exchange Power Schedule / MW

1800.01440.01080.0720.00360.000.000 [s]

3000.0

1700.0

400.00

-900.00

-2200.0

-3500.0Messdatei: CH: Exchange Power / MW

DIgSILENT

Quality of Ramping Jan. 27th

7:45 7:51 7:57 8:03 8:09 8:15 7:45 7:51 7:57 8:03 8:09 8:15

Pex[MW]

Frequency[Hz]

Pex[MW]

Pex[MW]

schedule exchange power



Current Status of Operation Handbook Policies

in force

in final stage

under preparation



UCTE System Operation Requirements

� Reference Document: “UCTE Operation Handbook” – Policy 1 & 3

� Primary Control Requirements

� Secondary Control Requirements

� Tertiary Control, Time Control, Measures for Emergency Conditions

� Operational Planning

� Voltage Control

� Fault Clearing

� Stability

� Outage Scheduling, Data Exchange



Principle of Determination of Settings

• UCTE Ppu = 3000 MW (max. power deviation to be handled)

• Load Self-Regulation = 1%/Hz – Sytem Load = 350 GW

• Full Reserve Activation if Frequency Deviation = ±±±±200 mHz

• Overall Network Power Frequency Characteristic λλλλU01= 18000 MW/Hz

• Contribution to Control Ci = PrNa/ΣΣΣΣPrNA (ΣΣΣΣCi = 1)

• K – Factor (Frequency Control Gain) Kri = Ci*1.1 λλλλU0

PrNA – Adapted Net Generation (TWh)



Hierarchical structure of control activation




Secondary Control Requirements




Current Secondary Controller Settings(Pr

N) net

generation 2002

as from …….. 2004

Control area Country Ci Ppi Kri

[MW] [MW/Hz]

ELIA (**) B 0,032445392 97 660

RWE Net (**) D 0,228287198 685 4646

REE (**) E 0,114768656 344 2336

RTE F 0,215685291 647 4389

GRTN I 0,109483374 328 2228

ELES SLO 0,005283421 16 108

HEP HR 0,004564575 14 93

JPCC (**) BiH 0,004363743 13 89

TenneT NL 0,037409992 112 761

APG (**) A 0,021635979 65 440

REN P 0,017534472 53 357

ETRANS CH 0,026323960 79 536

CEPS CZ 0,028508038 86 580

MAVIR H 0,013336933 40 271

PSE PL 0,054024865 162 1099

Burstyn Island UA 0,002429904 7 49

SEPS SK 0,012381576 37 252

HTSO GR 0,018417772 55 375

EKC JIEL 0,016444698 49 335

KESH AL 0,001323967 4 27

NEK BG 0,014943909 45 304

TRANSELECTRICA RO 0,020402284 61 415

Total 1 2999 20350

(**) In the definition of Ci, the following partial nets are included in

the control area of :

ELIA SOTEL (L)

RWE Net CEGEDEL (L) + SEO (L) + ELTRA (DK)

+ TIWAG (A) + VKW (A)

REE ONE (Maroc) + SONELGAZ (Algérie) + STEG (Tunisie)

EKC ERS (Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske)

JPCC EPBiH (Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine) +

EPHZBH(Elektroprivreda HZ Herceg Bosne) +

and deducted from the control area of:

APG – TIWAG (A) – VKW (A)



λg = 3000 MW / 0.2 Hz = 15000 MW/Hz (Generation)

λl = 0.01 / Hz * 350000 = 3500 MW/Hz (Load contribution)

Kr = 1.1*(15000 MW/Hz + 3500 MW/Hz) = 20350 MW/Hz

Determination of Secondary Controller Settings



Summary: System Control Requirements

Primary control

• frequency measurement accuracy = 10 mHz, cycle 0.1-1 s

• primary control reserve according TSO-Forum settings

Secondary control

• ramp for schedule change (-5 min - +5 min = 10 min)

• frequency measurement accuracy = 1-1.5 mHz

• power measurement accuracy 1.5% of rated value, cycle 2 s

• reserve according to recommendation, formula, trumpet curve, 15 min

Tertiary control

• permanent adjusting of secondary control reserve



Time Control

• synchronism between UTC (universal time coordinated)

and the synchronous UCTE time

• tolerated range of discrepancy = ±20 seconds

• time correction done by a frequency offset of ±10 mHz for 24 hours

• ETRANS gives the offset indication to all control areas



Voltage Control and Reactive Power Management

• Monitoring of voltage and reactive power flows

• Activation of reactive power resources, generation units AVR settings

• Undervoltage load shedding in case of emergencies

• Hierarchical voltage control principle

• Black start capability for several power plants & power system restoration

schemes



Network Fault Clearing and Short Circuit Currents

• Coordination of protection schemes

• Fast fault clearing devices, automatic reclosing equipment

• Periodic calculation of short circuit levels

• Methods to limit short circuits



Stability

• Stability calculations / Studies / Coordinated analysis

• Measurements, WAM (wide area measurements/monitoring)

• Damping of system oscillations – power system stabilizers (PSS)

• Guidelines:

• reducing fault clearing times

• fast valving, turbine bypass

• accurate settings of generating units (AVR, turbine control)

• underfrequency and undervoltage relays on load feeders

• emergency schemes: blocking of transformer tap changer control in

voltage collapse conditions

• coordination of power system restoration plans



Thank you for your attention


monitoring of power system dynamic performance tutorial part … · 2014-11-28 · monitoringof...

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