monitoring age group swimmers thomas zochowski, msc. canadian sport centre pacific...
TRANSCRIPT
Overload-Rest Principles
Performance Level
Fatigue
SupercompensationTraining
Recovery
Performance Level
Train
Fatigue Recovery
New Level
Training Overload
Performance Level
Train
Under -Training
Too Infrequent
Under-Training
Performance Level
SupercompensationTraining
No Compensation
Poor Training Adaptation
Train
Performance Level
New Performance Level
InadequateRecovery
Excessive Overload
Over-frequent
Why Monitor?
• Asses strengths and weaknesses.• Compare against previous data.• Compare against world class data.• Efficacy of program and response of
athlete.• Assessment of current state.• Prediction of performance
Long Term Athlete Development Summary
Long Term Athlete Development Summary
• Age range: Male 12-16yrs, Female 11-15yrs
• Windows of Opportunity– PHV, speed and strength development
• Objectives: Build the engine.
• Key Tracking Measures– Growth rate.
TR
AIN
TO
TR
AIN
ST
AG
E
Peak Height Velocity
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Age (years)Adapted from Tanner, 1978 & Kahn, 1999
Re
lati
ve
inc
rea
se
pe
r ye
ar
FemalesMales
Long Term Athlete Development Summary
• Age range: Male 16-18yrs, Female 15-17yrs
• Windows of Opportunity– Event and distance specialization.
• Objectives: Evaluate all skills under stress.
• Key Tracking Measures– Race Analysis– Training Monitoring
TR
AIN
TO
CO
MP
ET
E S
TA
GE
Influence of maturation...
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Imp
rove
men
t in
a y
ear
(%)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Age (years)Voitenko, 1985
Annual gain in variouscharacteristics of performancecapacity of young athletes
VO2max
Exc CO2
Max anaerobic power(Margaria)
AnT
B[La] postanaerobic exercise
ENERGETICSE
ner
gy/
Po
wer
Ou
tpu
tR
elat
ive
Co
ntr
ibu
tio
n
Time
ATP-CPANAEROBICGLYCOLYSIS
OXIDATIVE
10 s 30 s 90 s 3 min 15 min+
Season 03/04 07/08 11/12 15/16 19/20
Athens Beijing London TBD TBD
Athlete Age 24 28 32
20 24 28
16 20 24 28
12 16 20 24 28
8 12 16 20 24
““THE CLOCK IS TICKING!”THE CLOCK IS TICKING!”
Gap Analysis
• Athlete/coach driven, program supported.
Athlete / Coach
Media Relations
Nutrition
Physiology
Strength & Conditioning
Sports Medicine
Biomechanics
Physiotherapy
Chiropractor
Race Analysis
PsychologyMassage Therapy
GAP AnalysisGoals and Objectives:• ID an athletes current standing and to define clear
performance goals.
• Break down the GAP– Technical Swim Ability.– Tactical Swim Ability.– Strength and Power– Physiology– Psychology– Lifestyle and Personality– Health Status
• Clear communication between coach and Performance Enhancement Team.
GAP Attack
• Training is designed to attack identified GAPs.– Progress monitored through training.– Progress monitored through
performance.
Monitoring During Training
• Repeated Measures– One-off testing is of little use.– Test / retest at predetermined points of
training cycle.
****Best to do a few measures right and repeated.****
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
Month September
Beginning Date of Microcycle
2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Competition
Bel
l Gra
nd P
rix -
Zaj
ac
Bel
l Gra
nd P
rix /
San
ta C
lara
Jane
t Eva
ns
Sum
mer
Nat
iona
ls
Par
is
Bei
jing
Pod
ium
Tou
r
Japa
ness
e In
tern
atio
nal
FIN
A X
& X
I - S
tock
hom
/ B
erlin
Bel
l Gra
nd P
rix -
Big
Spl
ash
Bei
jing
Tes
t Eve
nt
Oly
mpi
c T
rials
FIN
A W
orld
Sho
rt C
ham
ps
San
ta C
lara
(W
est)
Bel
l Gra
nd P
rix -
Zaj
ac
US
A
Bel
l Gra
nd P
rix -
Que
bec
Cup
Sum
mer
Nat
iona
ls
Importance Rating 5 5 5 8 10 10 6 7 ? 10 7 7 6 6 8
Recovery
CampsEst
UBC
Location Que Tor Singapore
Major Cycle
Macrocyles Comp
Mesocycles
Monitoring* 4 4 4 4 4 4
Event Support 4 7 8 8 4 5 7 7 7 7 7
Hydration Monitor
Warm-up Study
Recovery Study
Beijing Project
Anthros X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Data Processing 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2
Starts 1 1 1 1 1 Jozef? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1
Turns 1
Underwater Kicking 7 2
Stroke 2
X X X X X
National ConferenceSpin X
T.o. BC
Coach /PET Evaluation Meetings
XVan XL
X X XL X
Athlete Feedback
Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74
50 hours 25 hours
Coach Development
3-5 hours / week
Nu
trit
ion
Assessment
Education
Monitoring
Vancouver, Victoria, Calgary, Staging, Eastern Canada, Beijing 42 days (all levels)Vancouver, Calgary, Melbourne
25 days (all levels)
Warm Camp Florida
Regional Camps
HI
Vancouver, Victoria, Calgary, Paris 17 days (all levels)
Vancouver, Victoria, Calgary, W Cups, Winter Camp, Trials 32 days (all levels)
Oly
mp
ics
10
Comp Specific Preparation CompPre-Comp
Staging
Preparation for Olympics
Team Interventions
1-1 Athlete Interventions
Planning
Phases
strength A
AnT AnT
Preparation II
FebruaryOctober NovemberMay June December JanuaryApril
Swimming - Yearly Training Plan
Pre-Comp
Mexico
July August
Administration
Physiology
Multi-Disciplinary Interventions
Timing
Competition
Coach Interventions
Biomechanics
Strength
Bioenergetics
Pre-Comp
rec
strength A
Equipment
Mar
e N
ostr
um
5
Specific PreparationTrans / Prep
Psy
cho
log
yS
tren
gth
an
d
Co
nd
itio
nin
g strength B
AnTMaintenance
AnT
M
AnT
M
rec
strength B strength B
rec AnT AnT
strength CMMTaperTaper
strength C
AnT
Trans CompetitionPreparation I
July August
Event
March April May June
Altitude Camp
02
WEEK
Volume
Intensity
#REF!
#REF!
Monitoring During Training
Month September
Beginning Date of Microcycle
3 10 17 24 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25
Major Cycle
Macrocyles Comp
Monitoring*
CompPre-CompCompetitionPreparation I Pre-CompPreparation II
FebruaryOctober November December
PhasesComp
Physiology
JulyJanuary
Specific Preparation
AugustMarch April May June
02
1WEEK
Volume
Intensity
#REF!
#REF!
Testing Testing Testing Testing Testing
Training Intervention
• Testing at entry and exit points of training cycle.
• Maintain protocols throughout season.
Monitoring During Training
• SNC National Team Monitoring Protocol– Anthropometry– Dryland– Swimming
WHAT NOW?
Monitoring During Training
• Anthropometry– Standing height– Body mass– Sum of seven skin folds
Bicep Tricep Subscapular Suprailiac AbdominalThigh
Medial Calf
Body CompositionCanadianMales(WC05- CW06)
Australian Males
Canadian Females(WC05- CW06)
Australian Females
Mean Mass
85.3 kg70.0-106.7
82.1 kg66.1-99.6
63.3 kg49.3-74.4
64.9 kg51.4-78.4
Mean Skinfolds
50.9 mm35.3-78.5
49.2 mm32.8-86.0
73.540-135.5
67.6 mm49.9-100.5
Ratio 1.741.08-2.26
Goal >2.0 0.940.55-1.55
Goal:>1.0
LMI 46.236.8-59.4
32.826.5-37.7
Monitoring During Training
• Dryland– Body weight pull-ups.– Push-ups.– Lateral medicine ball throw – rotational
core strength.
Monitoring During Training
• Swimming– Day 1
• 50 dive – swimming speed• 400 kick – kicking endurance• turn index - technique
– Day 2• 50kick – kicking speed• 7x200step test – anaerobic threshold
Monitoring During Training
• Now What?– Sport Information Data Base (SID)– Use data to help mold training program.
Monitoring During Training
• Hydration Monitoring– Dehydration of as little as 2% can impair
performance. – Recent National Team data indicates that 44%-
50% of athletes are not adequately hydrating.
• Athletes that show signs of dehydration can usually get back on track in 24hours using the correct hydration strategy.
Monitoring During Training
• Sweat loss and fluid intake
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
31/7/07 1/8/07 2/8/07 3/8/07 4/8/07 5/8/07
Date
Vo
lum
e (m
L)
sweat loss ml
Fluid intake (ml)
Monitoring During Training
• Urine Specific Gravity (group results)
1.000
1.005
1.010
1.015
1.020
1.025
1.030
1.035
31/7/07 1/8/07 2/8/07 3/8/07 4/8/07 5/8/07
Date
Uri
ne
Sp
ec
ific
Gra
vit
y (
g/L
)
Monitoring During Training• Urine Specific Gravity (individual results)
Name 07/18/07 07/15/07 07/12/07 07/07/07
1 1.024 1.022 1.015 1.0212 1.024 1.011 1.022 1.021
3 1.021 1.020 1.012 1.0214 1.020 1.021 1.024 1.026
5 1.019 1.006 1.009 1.005
6 1.019 1.013 1.014 1.007
7 1.019 1.016 1.015 1.015
8 1.017 1.013 1.012 1.017
9 1.016 1.019 1.014 1.028
10 1.013 1.015 1.011 1.026
11 1.013 1.017 1.019 1.020
12 1.007 1.023 1.012 1.022
13 1.007 1.012 1.014 1.024
14 1.007 1.008 1.019 1.01815 1.005 1.005 1.005 1.007
Hydrated <1.015Mild Dehyrdration 1.015 - 1.020Moderate Dehydration1.020 - 1.030Severe Dehydration >1.030
2007 Pan American Games
Hydration Monitoring
Monitoring During Training
• Urine Specific Gravity
– 1.008 -1.015 (hydrated):• Athletes should make sure to keep up with
current hydration regime and pay particular attention to travel days. An above average amount of fluid should be consumed on these days.
Monitoring During Training
• 1.016 - >1.030 (mild to severely dehydrated):– 1. Hydration Before Exercise
• Drink 250-500 mL of water 30-60 minutes before exercise.
– 2. Hydration During Exercise• Replace about 80% of sweat loss.
– 3. Hydration After Exercise• Replace fluids, carbohydrate and sodium lost during
exercise to minimize dehydration.
Monitoring During Training
**** Athletes should all drink a minimum of 2L of water/day plus extra to replace losses from training/competition. ****
Monitoring During Training
– Can you drink too much water?– <1.007 (hyponatremia):
• Excessive sodium loss is also associated with muscle cramping.
Example: Triathlete exercising for 3 hrs @ a sweat rate of 2L/hr losing 2000mg Na/L through sweat:
Total sodium loss = 2000mg x 2L/hr x 3hrs = 12,000mg sodium deficit
To replace with Gatorade (110mg/250mL) would require the
consumption of 27L — therefore intake of salt through food becomes imperative
Monitoring During Training
Equipment used for sweat analysis
Monitoring During Training
• Training Logs– Supplement the coaches “sense” of how
things are going.• may provide information that otherwise
would be missed or dismissed. • trends may emerge that help the athlete
and coach identify challenges.
Monitoring During Training
• Many types of training logs:– Simple notes kept by the athlete to
more detailed and complex logs that document every aspect of training and lifestyle.
– Notebook or online• May not be appropriate for certain athletes
or sports.
Monitoring During Training
• More information is not necessarily better! – Long term tracking– Individual variation
takes time to discern.
Competitive Analysis
• Most direct form of GAP attack.– Are you faster then the
last performance?
• Introduce competitive analysis at age group level to prepare for senior level.
Perf
orm
an
Perf
orm
an
ee
Time course Time course (yrs)(yrs)
Competitive Analysis
Norris, 2005
IPC
IPC
Time course Time course (yrs)(yrs)
????????
Injury?Injury?Illness?Illness?Cause?Cause?
Competitive Analysis
Norris, 2005
Competitive Analysis
• Variables that are typically collected during competition:– Time/splits– Blood lactate– Rate of perceived exertion– Feeling scale– Video analysis
Competitive Analysis
• What do we do with the data?– MUST look at the
entire profile to learn from results.
– Lactate: an easy marker to learn from but usefulness must be clarified.
Speed vs. Lactate general.
Competitive Analysis
Speed vs. Lactate by event.
Competitive Analysis
• Lactate scatter by event and individual.
Competitive Analysis
Competitive Analysis
• Neither of these analysis are very useful.
• Must look at entire profile!
Competitive Analysis
• Monitoring Warm-up– Heart rate, lactate, core temperature.– Coach feel.– Swimmer feel.
• Monitoring Recovery– Warm-down (lactate / heart rate)– Nutrition– Other (ice bath, sleep, etc)
