monday, march 16, 2015 - fighting...
TRANSCRIPT
Do NowDIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO
Now folder and or binder
In the late nineteenth century, many farmers responded to falling grain prices by joining with the
Populists.
homesteaders.
Exodusters.
sodbusters.
Objective
analyze the political transition from War Time to Peace Time after World War One
The student will (TSW)
Benchmark/StandardUS.4.2 Examine the economic policies, attacks on civil liberties,
and the presidential administrations of the 1920s and explain how
each reflected a return to isolationism
Agenda
• Do Now- 5mins
• Anticipatory Set -5mins
• Analyzing pictures
• Notes-25mins
• Reading like an Historian Activity-35mins
• Answer the essential question of the Day
• Closure-10mins
• Movie- 10mins
Anticipatory Set:
Anticipatory Set:
Anticipatory Set:
Anticipatory Set:
America After WWI
Post-War Trends
1. Exhausted (Stressed) Public*Country still divided over the League of Nations
*Still adjusting to changes of the progressive era
*Returning Soldiers either faced unemployment or took their old jobs back from women and minorities
*Cost of living had doubled
*Economy struggled because wartime demand was gone
Nativism
* Defined as prejudice against foreign-born people
* Swept that nation after WWI (fearful of outsiders)
Return to Isolationism
* Policy of pulling away from involvement in world affairs
*Same belief we had pre-WWI
Fear of Communism
• Communism – economic and political system based on single party government control and ownership of everything
• Communist ideas were sweeping across Europe
• Was perceived threat by Americans
The Red Scare
• The U.S. public’s fear that Communist were taking over the country
• Began in the U.S. in 1919, after revolutionaries in Russia overthrew Czar (Vladimir I)
• Lenin and his followers (Bolsheviks “majority”) formed a Communist state with symbolic red flag.
• Communist called out to abolish capitalism everywhere
• Communist Party formed in the U.S. (thousands joined)
The Palmer Raids
•Mitchell Palmer – U.S. Attorney General who vowed to combat the “Red Scare”
•Palmer appointed J. Edgar Hoover as a special assistant.
•Hunted down suspected communists, socialists, and anarchists
•Trampled civil rights (home invasions, no warrant searches, arrests without lawyers or rights, deportation without trial)
•Never found real evidence of anything
•Public eventually found Palmer too over the top
Sacco and Vanzetti
Both Italian immigrants and anarchists who evaded the draft during WWI
Arrested and charged with robbery and murder
Found guilty and sentenced to death
Worldwide Protests: Many believed that their arrest and trial were unjust either because of their: political beliefs or because they were immigrants
I am not only innocent...but...in all my life I have never stole, never killed, never spilled blood, but I have struggled all my life, since I began to reason, to eliminate crime from the earth....
I am suffering because I am a radical and indeed I am a radical; I have suffered because I was an Italian, and indeed I am an Italian...but I am so convinced to be right that if you could execute me two times, and if I could be reborn two other times, I would live again to do what I have done already.
Bartolomeo Vanzetti, 1927
Video Questions
1. What crime did Sacco and Vanzetti supposedly committed?
2. What was the key evidence in this case?
3. What was the final verdict of Sacco and Vanzetti’s court case
4. What was Sacco’s last words?
Sacco and Vanzetti: Video Questions
• http://www.travelchannel.com/shows/mysteries-at-the-museum/video/sacco-and-vanzetti-innocent
Limiting Immigration
• Attitude: “Keep America for Americans”
• -After WWI, there were less unskilled labor jobs so natives felt there should be less immigrants allowed in the U.S.
• -Ideas to limit immigration were fueled by
• Racists ideas
• Fear that they were communists
Think Pair Share
• Why is The Untied States limiting immigration?
The Harding Presidency
A. Good Natured ManB. Biggest weakness was he trusted
his friends C. Republican who became
president in 1921D. Sought for “a return to normalcy”
1. From Progressive changes2. From the Issues during and after
WWI3. World dealing with: arms control,
war debts, and reconstruction issues.
Harding Administration Scandal
1. Ohio gang *President Harding’s “Poker Buddies”
*Also part of Harding’s Cabinet
*Caused embarrassment and scandal
*Corrupt – used offices to get wealthy through graft (took bribes, sold government supplies, etc.)
* Included Albert B. Fall (Secretary of the Interior)
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome – one of several areas with oil rich land owned by the government
*Set aside for use by U.S. Navy
*Albert B. Fall (Secretary of the Interior) got the oil reserves transferred from the Navy to the Department of the Interior
*Secretly leased the land to private oil companies (including Teapot Dome to the Mammoth Oil Company)
*Paid more than $400,000 in loans, bonds and cash
*Found guilty of bribery (1st cabinet member ever convicted of a felony while in office)
Quote by President Harding:
“I have no trouble with my enemies … But my friends, they’re the ones that keep me
walking the floor nights!”
End of Harding’s Presidency
President Harding dies shortly after from a stroke
Before his death he stated that he had to worry more about his friends than his enemies
Calvin Coolidge (Harding’s VP) took over as President
The Business of America
American Industry Flourishes in the 1920sCoolidge Supported Pro-Business Spirit in the
1920’s a. Said “the chief business of the American people is business…The man who builds a factory builds a temple and the man who works there worships there
b. Government policies to:*keep taxes down*keep business profits up*give businesses more credit to expand
Video Questions
1. Who were the Republican Presidents during the 1920s?
2. What were their goals for America?
3. How does the video clip portray them?
Republican Era of the 1920s:Video
Reading Like a Historian Activity
• Today, we are going to investigate the 1st
of the Republican Presidents during the 1920s, Warren G. Harding, who set the tone for this era.
• Was his Presidency good for America?
Return to Normalcy
• You either have the choice to read or listento President Warren G. Harding Speech and answer the Guiding Questions
Peer to Peer Activity
• With your shoulder partner you will work on completing the Graphic Organizer that will help with answering the Essential Question of the Day
• Each of you will receive a document one is pro Harding and the other is con Harding. Your job is the read your document and help fill out the graphic organizer
Do NowDIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO
Now folder and or binderThe Palmer Raids of 1919 and 1920 ended when judges and the public questioned the legality of the raids. How did the U.S. government justify the Palmer Raids?
They claimed radicals and union members were plotting to overthrow the government, as had been done three years earlier in Russia.
They claimed undocumented anarchists were in the United States illegally and were planning to take control of the labor unions and damage the national economy.
They claimed Samuel Gompers, head of the American Federation of Labor, was meeting with other labor leaders to plan a general strike.
They claimed the Italian-born anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were planning to bomb police stations in Massachusetts.
Objective
about the social movements of the 1920s and how they affected the American society
The student will learn(TSW)
Benchmark/StandardUS.4.1 Use examples to show how population shifts, artistic
movements, Prohibition, and the women’s movement of the Roaring Twenties were a reflection of and a reaction to
changes in American society
Agenda
• Do Now- 5mins
• Anticipatory Set- 7mins
• Learning Stations- 65mins
• Exit Ticket/Roaring 20s review- 10mins
Anticipatory Set
• Listen to the music while analyzing the upcoming pictures.
• What do these pictures have in common?
• What Era do you think this inventions, people, and music come from?
Round Robin
• Each of you are about to embark on a journey to the 1920s.
• There are 6 Round Robins stations where you will have to answer All questions in order to get FULL credit for this assignment.
• Each station should last you no longer than 14mins
Groups
Station1
• Katheryne
• Laura
• Angie
• Nazareth
• Freislin
Station2
• Cristie
• Erlan
• Cristofer
• Jonathan
• Nelly
Station3
• Michelle
• Genesis
• Hillary
• Isaias
• Ritha
Station 4
• Jeremiah
• Kaylie
• Damaria
• Damien
• Jakolbi
Station 5
• J’Juan
• Sara
• Chandler
Station 6
• Syeeda
• Hitian
Groups
Station1
• Mario
• Lorena
• Jorge
• Adriano
Station2
• RayJon
• Andrea
• Romanesia
• Jeffery
Station3
• Jerry
• Bryan
• Dajuan
• Lexton
Station 4
• Derrick
• Alex
• Zuhra
• Alanis
Station 5
• Luis
• Rafael
• Cristhian
• Alejandra
Station 6
• Astrid
• Lailon
• America
• Edwin
Groups
Station1
• Mario
• Lorena
• Jorge
• Adriano
Station2
• RayJon
• Andrea
• Romanesia
• Jeffery
Station3
• Jerry
• Bryan
• Dajuan
• Lexton
Station 4
• Derrick
• Alex
• Zuhra
• Alanis
Station 5
• Luis
• Rafael
• Cristhian
• Alejandra
Station 6
• Astrid
• Lailon
• America
• Edwin
Do NowDIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO
Now folder and or binder
The development of motion pictures in the early 1920s resulted in
a surge in live stage performances.
the corruption of moral standards.
the growth of film studios.
an inexpensive educational resource.
Objective
the causes of The Great Depression
The student will learn(TSW)
Benchmark/StandardUS. 4.4 Examine the causes of the Great Depression and its
effects on the American people and evaluate how the Hoover administration responded to this crisis
Agenda
Anticipatory Set
THINK PAIR SHARE:
Explain how these terms are connected
Credit Demand Stock
Buying on Margin Great Depression
Anticipatory Set: 2
• View the upcoming slides and write down the year and be able to tell the difference between the pictures.
19??
19??
19??
19??
19??
19??
19??
19??
19??
19??
THE NATION’S SICK ECONOMY
Indications of Trouble Coming at the end of the 1920s
1. Industries in trouble
*key industries barely made profits in the 1920s
*war time industries not in demand anymore (EX mining)
*Many old industries were losing business to competition to new industries (EX: RRs losing business to auto industry)
*Boom industries weakened
Farmers in trouble
*Flourished during the war which made farmers take out loans to produce more
*After war: Increase in unemployment and poverty lead to decrease in Demand for crops fell = fall in price of food. = profits drop and cant sell of excess crops.
*Farm profits and incomes fell
*Farmers could not pay off loans and many lost farms to foreclosure.
Consumers in Debt
*Too much buying on credit (installment paying with interest) in the 1920s
*people living beyond their means
*trouble paying off their debt so they started to cut back on spending (Hurt economy)
Uneven Distribution of Wealth (Income)
Clear sign that the economic weakness of the 1920s
In the 20s the rich got richer and poor got poorer
The wealthiest 1% saw a 75% rise in income. Less than 9% for the rest.
Most could not buy the new goods coming out of the factories
Herbert Hoover
Election of 1928
*Republican Herbert Hoover beat Democrat Alfred E. Smith
*Hoover won on the strength of his previous Republican Presidents (Harding & Coolidge)
Dreams and Riches in the Stock Market
Dow Jones Industrial Average
Used to measure the health of the stock market
Based on the stock prices of 30 representative companies trading on the N.Y. stock exchange.
Reached an all-time high in 1920s which encouraged Americans to invest millions in the stock market
Problems with investing in the 1920s
• Speculation – people were buying stocks and bonds on the CHANCE of a quick profit and ignored the risks
Problems with investing in the 1920s
Buying on Margin
How most Americans bought stock in the 1920s
Pay a small percentage of the stock’s price as a down payment and borrowing the rest.
Led to unrestrained buying and selling of stocks with little government regulation
All the buying drove up price of stocks but it did not represent the true worth of the company.
If price of stock drops, there is no way to pay off the loans
Stock Market Crashes
Black Tuesday
*October 29, 1929 – stock market crashed
*When the Dow Jones Industrial Average began to drop, investors panicked and frantically tried to sell their stock before they became even lower.
*Millions of shares were sold and millions could not be sold
*People who bought on margin were stuck with large debts
*Others lost their savings
*Signaled the beginning of THE GREAT DEPRESSION
The Great Depression
1. Period from 1929 to 1940 in which the economy plummeted and the unemployment skyrocketed
2. Bank and Business Failure: Banks had people’s money invested in the market so people’s savings were lost.
*By 1933 – 11,000 banks collapsed
Gross National Product
Nations total output of goods and services
Dropped about 40 billion between 1929 and 1932
90,000 business went bankrupt.
Hawley Smoot Tariff
• Protective Tariff
• Passed by Congress to protect American Farms from Foreign competition.
• PROBLEM: It prevented other countries form getting money to buy American goods.
Causes of the Great Depression
• Tariffs and war debt policies prevented the ability of foreign countries to buy U.S. goods
• The Crisis in Farming
• The availability of easy credit
• Unequal distribution of income
WhatDunnIT?
• The Great Depression Mystery Simulation
Economists
• Most economists agree that the Great Depression began with a recession caused by a fall in Spending
• The United States prosperity in the 1920s had been based to a large extent on the sale of HOUSES and CARS
• Consumers could now buy houses and cars on installment plans, and they were eager to do so…
• BUT COULD THEY AFFORD IT???
• These purchases created jobs, for example
• Furniture
• Appliances
• Tvs, sofas, beds, etc
• These purchases created jobs, for example
• Steel
• Wheels
• Paved Roads
• Automotive plants
Multiplier Effect
• The prosperity of workers in all these industries allowed them to spend A LOT of money, thus providing income to other workers
• This is called the Multiplier effect• One person’s spending becomes income to another
person, who in turn can spend more and add to the income of others
• A recession begins with a fall in demand for durable goods
• Cars and or refrigerators
Bank Failures
• 1930 to 1933, banks began to close in Record numbers
• Many businesses that borrowed money during the 1920s were unable to pay their loans back.
• When BANKS fail, depositors lose the money that they have in their accounts
Do NowDIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO
Now folder and or binder
The Stock Market Crash of 1929 led to the failure of thousands of U.S. businesses because
competition from overseas increased.
the banking industry collapsed.
prices underwent rapid inflation.
inventories of goods ran low.
Objective
the causes of The Great Depression
The student will learn(TSW)
Benchmark/StandardUS. 4.4 Examine the causes of the Great Depression and its
effects on the American people and evaluate how the Hoover administration responded to this crisis
Agenda
• Do Now- 5mins
• Anticipatory Set-7mins
• Notes- 25-30mins Max
• New Deal Activity-45mins
• Closure- 5mins
Anticipatory Set: BREES GROUP
• THINK PAIRE SHARE: write down two or three of your initial thoughts on the pictures you are about to view
Hardships/Suffering During the Depression
A. Desperation in cities
*unemployment, evictions, homelessness
B. Shantytowns (Hooverville)
*little towns consisting of shacks
*sprung up (crime/unsanitary)
C. Soup Kitchens & Bread Lines
*long lines to get charity
Minority Groups
• African Americans and Latinos had the highest unemployment rates during the Depression.
• Increased Racial violence – competing for jobs with whites
The Depression in Rural Areas
• Farmers were losing their farms to foreclosure
• Drought began in the 1930 (couldn’t grow food anymore)
• The Dust Bowl• TX, KS, OK, CO, NM• Great Plains region • CAUSED by: drought,
overproduction of crops, and high winds
• Dust storms (no top soil)• Many left on Route 66 to CA
The Depression Effect Families
*some did break up over the economic strain
*Men in the Streets*depression – used to working*wander the streets in search of
jobs*left their families *300,000 hoboes (wandered the
country)*hitched rides and rode the
railcars from place to place
President Hoover and the Depression
A. Hoover’s Philosophy for dealing w/the crisis
1. Shocked and frustrated Americans2. Opposed any sort of government
aid to the needy (charities can help – not governments)
3. Government help would hurt our moral fiber
4. Believed “Rugged Individualism” was the key to getting out of the depression
– everyone should care for themselves
Boulder Dam
1. Dam on the Colorado River
2. One of the few government projects that Hoover oversaw during the Depression
3. Did help the economy
People Speak Out
1. Many blamed Hoover for their situations
2. 1930 Congressional Elections the Democrats took control of Congress
*Took advantage of the Anti-Hoover sentiments
3. Farmers burned corn and wheat and dumped it on the grounds of highways (Farm Holiday)
4. Renamed “Shantytowns” “Hoovervilles”
5. Many Americans viewed Hoover as a heartless leader
Some Actions Taken by Hoover
1. Backed Cooperatives (Government helping private business create jobs)
2. Federal Home Loan Bank Act – lowered mortgage rates and allowed farmers to refinance
3. Reconstruction Finance Corporation – 2 billion dollars in emergency funds for large businesses (ex: Banks)
ALL OF THIS ENEDED UP BEING CONSIDERED TOO LITTLE TOO LATE
Franklin Delanor Roosevelt (FDR)
A. Election of 1932
1. Roosevelt (FDR) was Democrat who beat Republican President Hoover
2. Sign that Americans blamed Hoover for doing too little of the Great Depression.
B. Roosevelt’s (FDR) Philosophy for dealing w/the crisis
1. Its ok for the government to provide direct aid to the individuals in times of crisis
2. Wanted to actively combat inflation and unemployment
3. Complete opposite of Hoover’s philosophy
The New Deal
1. Roosevelt’s (FDR) program to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression.
2. The Hundred Days (1st Hundred Days office)
*Congress passed 15 pieces of New Deal legislation
*expanded the government’s role in the economy
3. BANK HOLIDAY
*1st day in office when Roosevelt (FDR) closed all the banks
*To inspect the financial security/health of the banks
*Banks that were sound could reopen, and those that were in bad debt had to either close or restructure
Fireside Chats
*Roosevelt’s (FDR) radio addresses to the country
*would explain in simply language the problems the country was facing and the New Deal Programs that he was putting in place to deal with them.
New Deal Programs
*Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)-Government paid farmers NOT to grow
crops-Lower supply = raise in price of crops
*Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)-put young men ages 18-25 to work on
roads, parks, flood control projects, etc. *National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)-gave money to states to create jobs constructing schools and community buildings
New Deal Opposition
From Liberals who wanted it to do more
From Conservatives who thought it was too expensive
From others who supported it but wanted to be president (EX: Huey Long – LA)
Election of 1936
1. FDR (Democrat) won reelection over Republican Nominee Alfred Landon
2. Proof that New Deal was effective and most Americans Supported it.
Second New Deal
1. Works Progress Administration (WPA)• NEW DEAL PROGRAM THAT
EMPLOYED MILLIONS OF WORKERS
• Spent 11 billion dollars giving jobs to over 8 million Americans
• 651,000 miles of roads & streets as well as 125,00 public buildings
• EX: WPA road off Highway 90 & Huey P. Long Bridge
Legacy of the New Deal
1. Most felt it was effective in getting the U.S on a path out of the Great Depression.
2. Jobs provided to millions
3. FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)- insures bank deposits
4. Social Security – retirement benefits to elderly and disabled
5. SEC (Securities & Exchange Commission) – to regulate the stock market
6. 1939- year that the Depression ended because there was growth in personal incomes.
Amendments During this Period
1. 20th Amendment – Moved presidential inaugurations to January
2. 21st Amendment – repeal of prohibition (18th amendment is no longer valid)
Do NowDIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO
Now folder and or binder
President Franklin D. Roosevelt made these speeches early in his first term of office. What situation was he addressing in both quotes?
Objective
FDR’s response to the Great Depression.
The student will learn(TSW)
Benchmark/StandardUS.4.5 Classify the key New Deal programs according to Relief,
Recovery, and Reform programs and describe their impact on the social,
economic, and political structure of the United States
Agenda
• Do Now- 5mins
• Anticipatory Set-7mins
• Notes- 15mins Max
• New Deal Activity-20mins
• Great Depression DBQ-35-40mins
• Closure/Exit Ticket-10mins
Prohibition Experiment
1. 18th Amendment made it illegal to make, sell, or transport alcohol
2. Government didn’t have the funds to enforce the law
3. Speakeasies-underground hidden saloons/night
clubs where liquor could be obtained
4. Bootleggers-those who smuggled in liquor to the
U.S. from foreign countries.
Organized Crime in the 20s
a. Millions made off the illegal sale of alcohol
b. Al Capone (60 million dollar bootlegging empire in Chicago)
c. Lucky Luciano (New York Bootlegger)
Video: Lucky Luciano
• http://www.biography.com/people/lucky-luciano-9388350
Video: Questions
1. Lucky was the father of what?
2. What are some things Lucky was involved in?
3. What did Lucky form in New York City?
4. What was the job of the Commission?
5. What did Lucky die from?
Science & Religion Clash
1. Fundamentalism*Belief in literal non-symbolic version of the bible*Word for word
2. The Scopes Triala. Fight over evolution and role of science and
religion in public schools. b. Scopes – Biology teacher in TN. Taught
evolution as an idea. c. Tennessee law prohibited teaching evolutiond. Darrow – Scopes’ lawyere. William Jennings Bryanf. Scopes found guilty and fined $100 (Supreme
Court later overturned the decision)g. Law still remained in TN
Women in the 1920s
A. Began to demand the same treatment as men
1. Flapper –• an emancipated young women
who embraced the attitudes and fashions of the day.
• Bobbed Hair, Skin Colored Stockings, dresses above the knee, pumps, strings of beads.
• Casual dating, etc..
2. Combat Double Standards* More freedoms for men
Education and Pop Culture in the 20s
A. School Enrollment*Increased in the 20s (High School –
not just college bound kids)*Children of Immigrants spoke English*Taxes increased funding
B. Expanding News Coverage*Large circulations of newspapers and
magazines
C. Radio Comes of Age*most powerful means of communication in the 1920s
Entertainment and Arts
1. People had more spare money to “amuse” themselves
2. Talkies – movies with sound that developed in the 1920s
3. Charles Gershwin – famous concert composer
4. Sinclair Lewis – 1st American to win Nobel Prize in literature
5. F. Scott Fitzgerald & Ernest Hemingway– Famous American Authors of the 20s.
African Americans in the 20s
A. BIGGEST ISSUE: Faced a shortage of Jobs in the 1920s
B. The Great Migration – hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved North to the cities.
*led to racial tensions
*many cities had poverty, unemployment, and overcrowding
C. NAACP – Fought to protect African American Rights
The Harlem Renaissance
1. A literary and artistic movement that celebrated African American culture.
2. Langston Hughes – well known poet of the time who described the African American Experience
Do NowDIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO
Now folder and or binder
During the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt created numerous programs to address social and economic problems. Which long-term effect did these programs have on U.S. government?
Government became more corrupt.
Government became less wasteful.
Government played a smaller role in the lives of citizens.
Government became more directly involved with public welfare.
Do NowDIRECTIONS: Please answer the following questions in your DO
Now folder and or binder
Based on the graph below, Consumerism spiked up
during the 1920s because people were able to
A. recycle
B. sew their own
clothes
C. buy goods on
credit.
D. publish their own
newspaper.
Objective
the key concepts of Unit 4 by partaking in a Review Day
The student will learn(TSW)
Benchmark/StandardsUS. 4.1 US. 4.2 US. 4.3,US. 4.4,US.4.5
Agenda
• Do Now- 5mins
• Anticipatory Set-7mins
• Notes- 15mins Max
• New Deal Activity-20mins
• Great Depression DBQ-35-40mins
• Closure/Exit Ticket-10mins