Owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian universities via a contribution through the National Research Council Canada Propriété d’un consortium d’universités canadiennes, géré en co-entreprise à partir d’une contribution administrée par le Conseil national de recherches Canada

Canada’s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics Laboratoire national canadien pour la recherche en physique nucléaire

et en physique des particules

Accelerating Science for Canada Un accélérateur de la démarche scientifique canadienne

Molecular and Materials Science

Reiner Kruecken | Science Division Head | TRIUMF Rob Kiefl | Professor of Physics | University of British Columbia

µSR and β-NMR: past present and future

Context of Molecular & Materials Science at TRIUMF •  Centre for Molecular & Materials Science •  International context •  Outputs

Prof. Rob Kiefl, UBC •  Accomplishments 2008-2013 •  Future plans 2015-2020 •  Funding scenarios •  Summary

Outline

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 2

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 3

Context Q 1: What is the role of TRIUMF in supporting Canadian and international

scientists and students (in Molecular and Materials Science)?

TRIUMF’s Research Program

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 4

Demographics and funding context

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 5

Scientists Technicians TRIUMF (NRC) 2 Joint faculty 1 NSERC-MRS 3 3

Centre for Molecular and Materials Science (CMMS) User facility (since 1988) supported by NSERC (currently Major Research Support grant)

Facility operation and user experiments are fully supported by CMMS staff

Funding: •  NSERC-MRS: $0.44M per year •  TRIUMF: $0.10M per year •  User-fees: $0.10M per year

+ Liquid Helium Cost (until 2013) $0.42M per year (75% TRIUMF, 25% users)

µSR facility •  Muonium chemistry •  Muoniated free radicals •  Muon as probe of bulk magnetism and

superconductivity •  Complementary to neutron scattering (sensitive to

different time scale of magnetic fluctuations) •  often same material studied using neutrons +

muons β-NMR facility •  Magnetic and electronic properties of thin

films and interfaces with nm depth control •  Complementary to low energy muons at PSI but

probing much longer timescales (sec vs. microsec)

Centre for Molecular and Materials Science

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 6

M20 (CFI)

M15

M9A M9B

Recent investments into CMMS facility

12/9/2011 TRIUMF ACOT December 2011 7

•  New Muon beamlines M9A (TRIUMF) and M20 (CFI)

•  Major investments (>$9M) to expand MuSR program

•  New CMMS liquefier to recover LHe from CMMS experiments ($1.4M)

M9A

M20

BL1A / Meson Hall Issues

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 8

M9 beamline moving due to swelling shielding block Motion went beyond capability of seal flexibility Blank-off installed fall 2012 mid-term solution being investigated engineering study in 2015-2018 for full repair solution

Target T2

M9B

M9A M20

Beamline 1A (BL1A)

TRIUMF’s role in the Canadian and international community

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 9

µSR •  Only µSR facility in North America •  Comparable capabilities to PSI but some unique experimental features, flexible set-ups •  complementary to ISIS (UK) & JPARC(Japan) - pulsed vs. continuous wave (CW)

β-NMR •  Unique worldwide (ISOLDE has capability but no advanced spectrometer or depth control) •  Complementary to low-energy µSR; studies different time scales è Both methods provide unique information, which complement other techniques (e.g. neutrons, NMR)

TRIUMF’s role in the Canadian and international community

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 10

User community (2008-2012): 490

M20 renewal

Molecular & Materials Science Output

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 11

Advancing Knowledge: Publications 2008 – 2012

Creating Leaders: Trainees 2008 – 2012

(* data from TRIUMF or supervised at TRIUMF)

undergrad MSc (grad)* PhD (grad)* PDF

MMS 16 10 20 5

Effect of reduced beam time in 2011

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 12

Highlights 2008-2013 Q 2: To what extent are TRIUMF’s research activities, on a national and

international scale, considered leading edge? Q 3: To what extent has key knowledge been generated as a result of

TRIUMF’s activities? Q 4: To what extent has TRIUMF elevated Canada’s reputation and

international leadership in physics?

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 13

Materials Science Isotopes for Science and Medicine

Harnessing particles and beams for

discovery and innovation

•  Magnetism and superconductivity in bulk materials •  Magnetic and electronic properties at interfaces, on surfaces,

and in thin films

•  Muonium Chemistry, Muoniated Free Radicals

Broad Scientific Goals

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 14

•  explore and control the electronic/magnetic properties of new materials both in the bulk and near interfaces and surfaces.

•  impact is on future devices that will exploit these properties e.g. better magnetic read heads in computers, superconducting RF cavities that operate a much higher E-fields, and new advanced Li batteries.

•  µSR and β-NMR have unique capabilities in this area that complement other techniques such as neutron scattering, light scattering, and NMR.

Spin = 1/2 γ  = 135.55MHz/T <A>= 0.33 Polarization = 95% Lifetime = 2.19714(7) µs

Spin=2, Q=33 mb γ =6.30 MHz/T <A>=-0.30 Polarization= 70% Lifetime= 1.2s

θ

8Li 8Be + e- + νe µ + e+ + νe + νµ

Properties of the muon and 8Li

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 15

Muon Chemistry at TRIUMF

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 16

Muons are the best test of first principles calculations on chemical reactions e.g. Mu+H2à MuH +H

D. Fleming et al, Science 331, 448 (2011); J. Chem. Phys. 135, 184310 (2011).

Mu=µ+e-

He++µ-e-

Don Fleming (UBC) 2012 APS Fellow * For MuSR work at TRIUMF

The muon as a unique and powerful probe of superconductivity and magnetism

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 17

TRIUMF is poised to make important contributions in this area because: 1.  the muon is the most sensitive probe of internal magnetic fields. 2.  It can be applied to any material and under extreme conditions.

The collective many body effects in solids are rich and for the most part unpredictable and thus open for experimental discovery, e.g. High Temperature Superconductivity

Uemura et al., PRL 1989 (719 citations)

TRSB in Sr2RuO4, Luke et al., Nature 1998 (446 citations)

Cooperative paramagnetism in Tb2TiO7, Gardner et al., PRL 1999. (270 citations)

Brewer (2009), Gingras (2010 TRIUMF PDF), Gaulin (2011), Bonn (2012) and Forrest (2013) (β-NMR) all CAP Brockhouse medal winners.

Talk Luke

Talk Dunsiger

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 18

P. Carlo et al. Nature Materials 11, 323-328 (2012):

?

New magnetic phase diagram of (Sr;Ca)2RuO4

Old

New

Talk Luke

β-NMR at ISAC has great potential for discovering new collective phenomena in thin films and interfaces.

Nov. 13, 2013 Forrest(2013) IPR - MMS 19

A B

NMR Neutrons µSR

ARPES STM

LEµSR

Β-NMR

Resonant x-ray diff.

•  Superconductor/vacuum, depth dependence of the order parameter.

•  Superconductor/metal, proximity effect.

•  Ferromagnet/metal, Ag/Fe magnetic multilayers GMR

•  Semiconductor/ferromagnetic, spintronics

•  Insulator/vacuum, insulator/metal SrTiO3

•  Insulator/insulator SrTiO3/LaAlO3

•  topological insulators

•  Polymers films

•  Forrest: 2013 Brockhouse medal winner

Talk MacFarlane

Talk MacKenzie

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 20

Li stopping distribution profile

Critical slowing down of fluctuations in the induced SC order parameter in Ag/Nb films

Morenzoni, Saadaoui et al., PRB 85, 220401(R) (2012). Morenzoni is muon group leader at PSI, Saadaoui former PhD UBC β-NMR

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 21

Z. Salman et al., PRL 109, 257207 (2013). Salman former β-NMR PDF now PSI scientist

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 22

Materials Science 2015-2020

Q 9: Are the proposed activities included in TRIUMF’s 5-year plan appropriate and consistent with the needs and ambitions of the physics community, both in Canada and internationally? Will the plan elevate Canada’s reputation and international leadership in nuclear medicine, nuclear physics, materials science, particle physics and accelerators research?

Q 10: Do the requested resources and the laboratory’s capabilities give reasonable confidence that the activities of the 5-year plan can be carried out to achieve the stated outcomes?

5 Y plan 2015-2020

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 23

1.  ARIEL Completion phase 1 comes on line in 2017 •  β-NMR receives 20 weeks of beamtime (factor of 4 increase). •  Impact in field of thin films interfaces will be significant and

comparable to Low Energy Muons at PSI. •  Large increase in user base. It will be the same user base as for

low energy muons at PSI. Requires additional manpower.

2.  T2 target problem is fixed and M9 beamline is fully operational •  critical for extending the limits of µSR under extreme environments. •  installation of 2nd dilution refrigerator (DR) for high pressure on M9B •  2nd DR can also be used to make a 1 mK demagnetization stage for

ultra lowT, 20 times lower than is currently possible. •  Both capabilities are unique in the world and would re-establish

TRIUMF as the world leader in this area. •  Beamlines are already the best.

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 24

3.  All significant barriers to new users will be removed. •  New Liquefier eliminates all LHe charges •  TRIUMF supports program with additional $100k/yr

operational funding, eliminating need for user fees •  User base will expand mainly from Canada, US and

Japan. Requires additional manpower.

5 Y plan 2015-2020 (cont’d)

MMS Overview Scenarios

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 25

2010-15 A B C

Operational Budget NRC (liquefier operation, M&S, upgrades)

$1.8M* $1.0M $0.45M $0.3M

Engineering Study for BL1A $2.0M $2.0M - NSERC MRS funding $2.2M $2.2M $2.2M $2.2M User fees (charge per hour beam time) $0.5M - $0.5M $0.5M

* incl. LHe

core

fu

ndin

g S

pons

ored

ac

tivite

s

•  β-NMR is fully exploited with ARIEL II phase 1, elevating it to

real user facility (Goals 1,2 ✔, Goal 5 partial)

•  µSR program holds status quo with bare bones operations (Goal 5 )

•  User fees will continue, hampering growth of community (Goal 5 )

•  Budget impact on accelerator operations effects science

è Reduced output resulting from reduced reliability

Scenario B

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 26

è Canada would curtail forefront international user-facility for Molecular & Materials Science with all its unique capabilities (Goals 1,2,5)

Scenario C

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 27

reduced resources, restricted program •  Concentrate TRIUMF’s research on particle and nuclear physics •  Reduce support for staff and operating activities with targeted, deep cuts •  Increased chances of major failure(s) leading to extended downtime

è reduced science and HQP output, loss of users §  substantial downtime will drive users to seek alternative facilities and

methods

è loss of competitiveness, international leadership, and reputation; diminished relevance §  substantially delayed operation of ARIEL II phase 1 for β-NMR §  no engineering study for BL1A è operate BL1A until it breaks, user community will move elsewhere in case of major failure, no repair in 2020-2025, µSR program becomes irrelevant

5-Year Plan 2015-2020 outlines the opportunities to build on demonstrated strength and invest into sustained excellence.

Funding requested will enable realization of the vision for CMMS: •  With ARIEL β-NMR is elevated to full international user facility, fulfilling

demand by user community (Goals 1,2,5 ✔) •  µSR facility operates at full capacity, exploiting unique capabilities

(Goal 5 ✔) •  National and international user community is expanded (Goal 5 ✔)

Summary

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 28

è 5-Year Plan 2015-2020 further elevates Canada’s reputation in Molecular and Materials Science with muons and rare isotopes

Owned and operated as a joint venture by a consortium of Canadian universities via a contribution through the National Research Council Canada

Propriété d’un consortium d’universités canadiennes, géré en co-entreprise à partir d’une contribution administrée par le Conseil national de recherches Canada

Canada’s national laboratory for particle and nuclear physics Laboratoire national canadien pour la recherche en physique nucléaire

et en physique des particules

Thank you! Merci

TRIUMF: Alberta | British Columbia | Calgary | Carleton | Guelph | Manitoba | McGill | McMaster | Montréal | Northern British Columbia | Queen’s | Regina | Saint Mary’s | Simon Fraser | Toronto | Victoria | Winnipeg | York

•  BL1A operation is essential for •  MuSR program (M15, M20, M9) •  Neutron irradiations (TNF), •  500 MeV Rb/Sr isotope production •  UCN facility (new beamline BL1U takes kicked beam from BL1A) •  M11 detector test facility (ATLAS, Belle-II, T2K/Hyper-K)

•  Current situation •  Q1Q2 frontend of M9 has been removed •  T2/M9 port has been blanked off •  Task Force has evaluated the situation:

•  T2 steady, M9 moving due to crumbling/swelling block

•  Midterm plan •  Evaluate two repair options

•  Reposition existing Q1Q2 in place to allow for further movement •  Built new Q1Q2 and position such that further movement can be followed

•  Regain operation of M9A & M9B as soon as possible •  Long term plan (2018-22)

•  Engineering study during next 5-Year Plan until 2018 •  Develop full refurbishment plan incl. cost estimate •  Act on this plan during 5-Year Plan 2020-2025

BL1A update

Oct. 04, 2013 ACOT - Science Division 30

M20

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 31

Muons on Request

Nov. 13, 2013 IPR - MMS 32