mokveld-brochure angle choke valve
DESCRIPTION
Mokveld-Brochure Angle Choke ValveTRANSCRIPT
angle choke valveversatile heavy duty valve for severe applications
Innovate to meet
2
The early days Mokveld was founded in 1922 in Gouda in The Netherlands, as a small
machine repair shop. In the mid-fifties we started making valves, a development which accelerated when
the Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V. (joint venture between Shell and ExxonMobil) discovered the
Groningen gas field in 1959. Mokveld started delivering valves for the production of the billions of cubic
meters of gas and over the years was challenged to respond to constant changes with respect to safety,
noise and emissions. By adapting and responding efficiently to the changes of the gas and oil industry our
organisation has gained an excellent reputation as an international supplier of quality valve products.
3
industry demands
Mokveld headquarters
The headquarters and high-tech production
facilities are located in Gouda, The Netherlands
(area 14.000 m2 or 150.000 ft2)
Full-scale erosion testing
Full-scale sand erosion testing of newly
developed choke at Advantica Flow Centre (UK)
through third party Det Norske Veritas (DNV).
Fire-safe testing
Upon request choke valves can be supplied
with fire-safe certification. This illustrates
Mokveld’s intense focus on safety.
Industry challengesMokveld is committed to contribute to safe, reliable and sustainable development of the world’s energy and water
resources. Our track record of satisfied customers shows our capability for selecting control solutions, designing
safety systems and managing projects successfully. The integrated choke valve systems described in this brochure
will help to meet your industry and project challenges.
Worldwide experienceMokveld has extensive experience in designing and manufacturing valves for the gas and oil industry worldwide.
The product portfolio comprises a wide range of valve products, tailor-made to application and customer specifications;
control products safety products
angle choke valves axial on-off valves (for HIPPS)
axial choke valves axial surge-relief valves
axial control valves axial check valves
In addition a full range of pneumatic and hydraulic actuators with tailored control arrangements are available for
accurate control and reliable operation of your production.
Successful innovationRegular contact with end-users and our familiarity with a wide variety of applications provide us with all the elements
required for innovation. Recently we have engineered and successfully applied novel trim designs, subsea check
valves and a new actuator line. In cooperation with our customers we have developed a subsea control valve which
further enhanced our knowledge about sealing technology. Mokveld has extensive expertise in the field of material
selection and flow management. This expertise delivers new choke valve technology. A full-scale sand erosion test
of the newly developed choke valve has confirmed a significant improvement in erosion resistance.
4
Choke valve selection is often based on early life production process data
and capital expenditure (valve price). However, choke valves are critical
elements in production facilities. Malfunction or failure of a choke valve
can seriously affect safety, the environment and production rates. Valve
selection should be based on sound technical and economic arguments
and long-term perspectives. Mokveld’s angle choke valves have a proven
reliability in terms of performance and will reduce costly maintenance
and production loss.
Realizing
5
.
World-class valves based on new technology Step changes in valve designIn the 1970s Mokveld was challenged to produce an angle choke valve, and pioneered piston-in-cage control
valve technology for angle chokes. The ‘cage-guided-piston’ choke proved a major improvement in durability and
controllability compared to the conventional ‘needle-in-seat’ choke design. Our ‘external sleeve’ choke was launched
in 1982, however, we learned that for severe service the cage-guided-piston principle offered better possibilities.
This cage-guided-piston design became the foundation for consecutive Mokveld choke generations that served as a
benchmark of availability for the choke valve industry.
The newest generationBased on its growing expertise of materials and flow patterns, and in close cooperation with customers and third-
party organizations, Mokveld continued to improve its angle choke valve designs using the Total Velocity Management®
(TVM) design concept and advanced tools such as Finite Element Analyses and Computational Fluid Dynamics. A new
generation choke valve, the TVM angle choke valve, is the result. Full-scale sand erosion tests confirmed a significant
improvement in erosion resistance. The erosion of this new angle choke valve was reduced by factor 4 compared to
conventional designs.
Over a period of 30 years Mokveld’s angle choke valves have exceeded 100 000 cumulative years of operational
time in severe duty applications. We are proud to be recognized as the worldwide leading supplier of choke valves.
The company is confident that the Mokveld choke valve will serve as an industry benchmark for many years to come
and will be the valve type of choice for companies that value safety and production availability.
long-term benefits
4 1⁄16 ̋ / API 5000 Angle Choke Valve
Application : Hydro Carbon Production
Challenge : High H2S content
Location : Harweel (Oman, 2006)
3˝ / API 15 000 Angle Choke Valve
Application : Hydro Carbon Production
Challenge : Low noise and erosion resistance
Location : Dina (China 2008)
8˝ / ASME 1500 Angle Choke Valve
Application : Water Injection Dump
Challenge : Avoid cavitation
Location : Sirri (Iran, 2004)
6
Total Velocity Management®
Operational benefits
FloSafe® beanThe choke can be
supplied with a FloSafe® bean to provide ultimate protection against relief
system overload.
Highturndown
High capacity andaccurate control features
make the valve appropriatefor both start-up and well
depletion productionscenarios.
Accuratecontrol
Static and dynamic forces onthe control element (piston)
are minimized. Accuratecontrol - also with minimum opening -
is achieved.
AvailabilityImproved flow
management avoids vibrationand reduces erosion by a factor 4. This significantly
maximizes production availability.
Safety bonnet The threaded bonnet
prevents the well-known‘closed-in pressure risk’ with disassembly, associated with
bolted bonnet chokes.
Fire-safeTo provide additional
protection for assets and operators, all choke valves
can be supplied withfire-safe certification.
Safety benefits
7
ReliabilityTotal Velocity Management®
is vital for reliable choke valve operation. Increased reliability
reduces the total cost of ownership and minimizes
unplanned process downtime.
Easymaintenance
With angle transmissioninstalled, the choke valve can be maintained without removal of actuator and instrument con-nections. This will also offer
more flexibility in instal-lation layout.
Significantcost savings
key to availability
CompactAs a result of the low
actuation force requirement, small actuators can be used; combined with a compact
valve body design this mini-mizes the installation’s
footprint.
Mokveld’s Total Velocity Management® conceptLocal high fluid velocities due to preferential flow paths are the prime source
of noise, erosion, vibration and malfunction resulting from unbalanced forces.
Prevention is better than a cure. Mokveld’s Total Velocity Management®
concept is an intelligent valve design that carefully manages fluid velocity in all
areas of the valve (trim and body) by smart engineering of the relevant valve
parts. Source treatment by Total Velocity Management® is key to reliability.
Improved flow path designThe basic rules to minimize erosion in valves are:
minimize the velocity of the medium
minimize abrupt changes in flow direction
select erosion resistant materials
Although any angle type choke valve is inherently more susceptible to
erosion than an axial type, Mokveld has redesigned the entire flow path to
minimize this adverse effect. Clever engineering of the flow and velocity
patterns in the gallery, trim and outlet area can reduce erosion significantly.
As a result of many years of research, testing and 3D CFD studies, we
managed to eliminate turbulent flow in the gallery area, evenly distribute
the flow through the cage (full surround flow path) and to reduce velocity
through the bean. This ensures reliable valve performance as vibration
and unbalanced forces are avoided and erosion is reduced by a factor 4.
With a minimum of turbulence and change in the fluid velocity, the energy
conversion in the valve body itself is limited. The pressure drop is mainly
over the trim, which has been specifically designed to withstand high
erosional velocities. Our standard design includes a cage, piston and bean
of solid high-quality Tungsten Carbide with the grade selected depending
on the service.
Top view Top view
Gallery / Cage Gallery / Cage
Increased reliability and
Conventional choke valve
Preferential flow through cage facing leads to
unbalanced trim forces and excessive erosion
of valve body and trim parts.
TVM choke valve
The Total Velocity Management® concept
reduces choke erosion by factor 4. This results
in increased production availability.
TVM choke valve
The angled shape of a choke valve causes an
abrupt change in flow direction. TVM eliminates
erosion damage caused by preferential flow.
8
Our cage-guided-piston design - your preferred choice To improve erosion resistance reputable choke suppliers use solid Tungsten Carbide for the throttling parts. Because
of the brittleness of this material, the cage needs to be firmly secured in the valve body. For reliability reasons Mokveld
has selected the cage-guided-piston design for its choke valve designs. The advantage of this design is that the cage
can be firmly secured in the valve body and the piston can be guided over the full length of the stroke. This results in
minimum sensitivity of the cage and piston to: flow-induced side loads
vibration-induced fatigue and
impact by particles
In addition, the flow area around the cage (the gallery area) is wide, which results in low velocities effectively reducing
erosion of the cage and choke body.
High rangeabilityToday’s gas field developments operate at high wellhead pressures and often process aggressive fluids with entrained
sand and other solid particles. For start-up scenarios at high pressure, the capacity requirement is relatively low.
However, at the well depletion stage the capacity through the valve is generally high. Mokveld’s cage-guided-piston
choke can handle high and low pressures as well as low and high flow rates, without the need to replace the trim.
In closed position the shut-off is class V.
9
reduced operational costs
2nd Mokveld generation
External sleeve choke valve
4th Mokveld generation
Cage-guided-piston choke valve
Latest Mokveld generation
TVM angle choke valve
Historic development of Mokveld choke valves
Setting the tone Safety first Fluids that include sand and other particles at conditions with high pressures,
temperatures and velocities mean that the performance of a choke valve
is critical. Can safety be assured for personnel, the installation and the
environment under all circumstances?
Safety bonnetAccording to API 6A / ISO 10423 (§ 10.9.3.6) chokes shall be designed
to vent trapped pressure prior to releasing the body-to-bonnet connector.
The Mokveld safety bonnet is an intrinsically safe solution which offers
a high level of security compared to the conventional bolted bonnet design.
When maintenance is required with a bolted bonnet choke, the engineer
can easily forget to open the relief and vent trapped pressure. After removal
of a few bolts the remaining bolts may not be strong enough to contain the
pressure behind the bonnet; the bolts will break and the bonnet is ejected
with dangerous force potentially causing fatal injuries.
The Mokveld safety bonnet is screwed into the choke body by means
of self-locking thread. Therefore, when pressure is trapped it will not be
possible to unscrew the bonnet. At low residual pressure the engineer
may succeed in turning the bonnet and the design will automatically start
venting at 15% opening. The remaining thread is more than sufficient
to contain the full rated pressure hence preventing accidents.
Low emission and fire safeThe high-integrity valve body is an integral casting or forging, without
any welds or bolted parts and no leak paths to the atmosphere other than
the bonnet/stem assembly. The excellent sealing system ensures compliance
with all international standards for fugitive emission. Optionally the choke
can be supplied with leak detection of the dynamic stem seal. For certified
fire-safe execution, a redundant stem seal is provided.
Mokveld safety bonnet
The bonnet is screwed into the body by means
of self-locking thread. Any residual pressure
will automatically be vented at 15% opening.
10
11
for safety and control
FloSafe® beanThere are three material properties that are critical to the longevity of the trim: resistance against erosion, corrosion
and impact. The Tungsten Carbide grade used in Mokveld choke valve trims proves to be among the top performers
with regard to these aspects, and will therefore give outstanding performance.
Sometimes, a choke valve is considered as a safety device to prevent overload of the relief system. In that case it
is of paramount importance that the valve capacity does not exceed predefined limits under any circumstances.
Although unlikely, the worst scenario would be a collapse of the trim upon impact of parts. One solution that
Mokveld offers, is to improve the impact resistance by adding a fortifying steel outer cage. This, however, is not an
ultimately safe solution as the steel fortification cage is subject to erosion which will reduce its functionality over time.
The optimum solution is to separate the choke valve’s control and safety function. Following an evaluation of your
process conditions Mokveld choke valves can be equipped with a FloSafe® bean to provide ultimate protection against
relief system overload. The custommade FloSafe® bean is capacity balanced with the cage and the available flaring
capacity. During normal operation the bean does not influence the choke control characteristic, but in case of cage
collapse the FloSafe® bean will limit the flow rate to an acceptable flaring rate.
Custom designed trimStandard and custom designed trims can be selected for various applications. The all-round RQX trim is most
commonly used. This single-stage, multi-hole trim offers accurate control and high noise abatement. The holes are
of a sufficiently large size to avoid clogging at normal production applications. The RQX trim is suitable for a wide
operating envelope, which diminishes the need for replacement at a later stage. For more extreme conditions, a
selection of multi-stage, labyrinth-style cages is available offering very high noise abatement and/or high anti-cavitation
coefficients. It should be noted, however, that in a normal production environment labyrinth-style cages work as a
strainer and may cause the choke to clog. During dirty well clean-up service a RCU large hole trim can be installed.
At well depletion stage a RDS cage will almost eliminate pressure loss over the choke.
All trims can be provided with reduced capacity and linear or equal% control characteristics. Together with the long
valve stroke this is the optimum recipe for accurate control of your process.
Selection of single-stage trim
The all-round RQX trim is suitable for high to
low pressure drops offering high capacity and
considerable noise abatement.
Selection of multi-stage trims
Multi-stage trims are designed for high noise
abatement or to avoid cavitation at high
pressure gas, two-phase or liquid applications.
Ultimate safety choke
This choke has a FloSafe® bean to provide
ultimate protection against system overload and
can be provided with a steel fortification cage.
Small actuators for reliable
12
Low actuation force and small actuatorsHigh static and dynamic valve forces may lead to operational problems
and require powerful and large size actuators. As a result of the
evenly distributed flow through the cage, the dynamic forces on piston
operation are relatively small. Mokveld choke valves are fitted with
a pressure-balanced piston assembly. The operating thrust/torque is
virtually independent of the differential pressure across the valve.
Therefore, manually operated chokes do not require intermediate
gear boxes and for automatic operation the required actuators are
small and light.
balanced pressure force
evenly distributed flow for
minimal dynamic force
13
and accurate control
Hand wheel actuation
The torque to operate our chokes is very
low. Small hand wheels are also sufficient to
operate the choke at full pressure differentials.
Mokveld stepping actuator
Very accurate control with repeatable
positioning is obtained by means of the
pneumatic or hydraulic stepping actuator.
Mokveld linear piston actuator
For a relatively quick response to process
changes, the choke can be operated
with pneumatic or hydraulic piston actuators.
Easy maintenance accessibilityThe total number of individual parts and the weight/size of internals are far less compared to other choke valve designs.
This ensures easier access and easier disassembly and assembly of the valves. To minimize lost production time due to
actuator disconnection and removal, Mokveld offers angle transmission. Removal of the cover plates and levers
provides full access for removal of the choke bonnet and internals. The angle transmission will also offer more
flexibility in installation lay-out.
Integrated actuator and control systemsA full range of matching Mokveld pneumatic and hydraulic actuators with tailored control arrangements is available for
accurate control and reliable operation of your production. Electric and electro-hydraulic actuation is also available.
Depending on functional requirements, a variety of control arrangements can be engineered. All our choke valve
products are fully integrated, operational systems. Each component is carefully selected and then tested during the
various stages of a project to ensure balanced and trouble free start-up and operation.
14
Comprehensive scopeValve rangeOur range of choke valve designs covers the ASME and API ratings that are commonly applied in the gas and oil
industry, up to API 15 000 (1035 bar design pressure) with related temperature ratings. For the -100 ºC to 200 ºC
(-148 ºF to 390 ºF) temperature range we offer special sealing solutions. The choke valves can be supplied with
a variety of inlet and outlet connections such as flanges and clamp connectors and sizes up to and including
12" in the ASME ratings and 13 5⁄8" in the API ratings.
Choke valve Pressure rating
nom. body size PN 150 PN 250 PN 420 PN 345 PN 690mm (") ASME 900 ASME 1500 ASME 2500 API 5000 API 10 000
≤ 200 (8")
Larger sizes and higher pressures (incl. API 15 000) on request. The complete table with valve sizes and ratings can be downloaded from www.mokveld.com
Extensive material selectionMokveld valve products are tailored towards the changing needs of the gas and oil market. We take into account
that the medium will frequently contain free water, chlorides, CO2, H2S, and other corrosive compounds. Therefore
valves are available in a wide range of body materials, varying from plain carbon steel to nickel-based materials.
For the valve internals, matching material selections are available, sometimes engineered to order. To avoid problems
related to explosive decompression the standard seal selection is non-elastomeric HP lipseals.
Quality and health, safety and environmentAt Mokveld we consider quality and health, safety and environment prime objectives for the successful completion of
any project. An integrated QHSE management system focuses on continuous improvement. We aim to build customer
trust and confidence through a quality of products and service that meets customers’ requirements and expectations.
In-house valve test facilities are available for hydrostatic and gas body and seat tests under ambient or cryogenic
temperatures. All our products are designed and built in accordance with the required international standards and
certified by recognized authorities such as Lloyd’s and the American Petroleum Institute (API). Our valve designs
comply with the standards that are most frequently used in the gas and oil industries, i.e. PED, API 6A-ISO 10423,
API 6D-ISO 14313 and ASME B16.34. Next to these we are also familiar with Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN),
NORSOK, Russian GOST and a variety of standards specific to certain countries, users and projects. Mokveld quality
and environment management systems have been certified according to NEN-EN-ISO 9001:2008 and 14001:2004 and
OHSAS 18001:2007. We also hold various customer and country specific certificates and we are qualified for
qualification systems like Achilles JQS and FPAL. A copy of our QHSE-manual can be submitted on request.
axial choke valvesymetrical flow path shaped for erosive applications
axial control valvestreamlined flow path design for demanding applications
angle choke valveversatile heavy duty valve for severe applications
axial on-off valvebalanced piston valve for special applications
axial surge relief valve
pilot activated surge protector for liquid applications
axial check valvefast acting non-slam protection for critical applications
15
at top quality
For furtherinformation
contact:
Mokveld Valves BVwww.mokveld.com
Copyright
© Mokveld Valves,
The Netherlands.
May 2013
global network - supported locally
Mokveld Valves BV • Nijverheidsstraat 67 • PO Box 227 • NL-2800 AE Gouda • The NetherlandsT +31 182 59 75 00 • F +31 182 51 79 77 • E [email protected] • I www.mokveld.com
1
2
3
4
56
7
9
10
8
Mokveld Offices
1 Mokveld Valves BV
2 Mokveld USA Inc
3 Mokveld UK Ltd
4 Mokveld Norge AS
5 Mokveld Central Europe GmbH
6 Mokveld Marketing JV
7 Mokveld Valves BV, Middle East
8 Mokveld Valves BV, Saudi Arabia
9 Mokveld Valves BV, Asia Pacific
10 Mokveld Valves BV, China
11 Mokveld Valves BV, Algeria
Mokveld Valves BV, Brazil
Adresses
Gouda, The Netherlands
Houston (Tx), United States of America
Cirencester, United Kingdom
Stavanger, Norway
Oberhausen, Germany
Sumy, Ukraine
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Beijing, the People’s Republic of China
Alger, Algeria
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
12
12
11
BR05
13C
HV