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>mÜcmmcmžmdcmmÜgcmzmzgm > results · mmm-c.b – > results gbmm ... r*u w*u-*u.*u [*u...

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  • >mÜcmmcmžmDcmmÜgcmZmZgm > Results · mmm-c.b – > Results Gbmm ... R*u w*u-*u.*u [*u vv vv vv Perce' Tokens LhildrenmGG LhildrenmG. "arentsmyfemI DmwVm>mšmmymImm''vvcvvcm mvvmmmm
1
Stops --u ZH; 2]u ZH[2 ]u ZH[; 2*u ZHG* *u ZH[[ ]u ZHGww GGu ZHGx *u ZHGG] *u G*u 2*u w*u -*u .*u [*u vkv vpv vtv Percent Tokens Lhildren GG Lhildren G. "arents yfemale) -]u ZH]2 Phonoprosodic effects of Russian-German language contact on Russian heritage speakers: VOT of voiceless plosives >arion Ürausec Tetyana "ronc žgor Discherc Tatjana Üurbangulovagc Zataliya Zesterovag žntroduction Uerman and Russian differ with respect to the voicing and aspiration of plosivesc both in a twojway laryngeal contrastb Uerman belongs to the sojcalled aspirating languages [G]b žt differs phonetically between voiceless unaspirated and voiceless aspirated consonantsb žn contrastc Russian is a true voice language [2]b There exists a distinction between voiced plosives and voiceless unaspirated onesO the same holds true for fricativesb VOT (voice onset time) in the word initial position before vowel and the duration of voicing into the closure of plosives in intervocalic position are regarded as important acoustic correlates of these distinctionsb VšT is negative in case of voiced plosivesc obtains a shortjlag positive value in case of voiceless unspirated and a longjlag positive value for voiceless aspirated stopsb Dacing the situation of language contactc which we can observe for Russian heritage speakers in Uermanyc we expect transfer phenomena in voicing and aspiration in both languages [w]b žn the present studyc the realisation of voiceless plosives in Russian will be examinedb We assume a contactjinduced extension of lag for voiceless plosives which we interpret as transfer phenomenon from Uermanb Uenerally speakingc this feature is considered one of the most strong indicators of Uerman accent in Russian [-c.]b –ypothesis >ethods Results Gb The contact-induced change in VšT is stronger for the second generation heritage speakers than for the first generation adultsb 2bThe mean VOT values for the adults correspond with the data of Russian monolinguals in Russianb wb Within the heritage speakersA groups, mean VOT values for vpvc vtvc and vkv lie between the reference values for Russian and Uerman [w]b -b The older the heritage speaker the more they drift towards German longjlag VšTb Lonclusion The VšT values of voiceless plosives vpvc vtvc and vkv in Russian reflectV Gb There is no contact-induced influence for the adult Russian speakersb The mean VšT values for adults indeed correspond with Russian reference datab 2b We observed strong influence of German long-lag VOT for heritage speakers resulting in intermediate VOT values in nearly all positions under investigationb wb Bgainst our expectationsc these results donTt show correlation with ageb The 11-year-olds produce the strongest drift towards German longjlag VOT whereas it decreases in average for persons aged 15b Bt a first glancec there seems to be no evidence for attrition being reinforced with ageb zut as far as the group of heritage speakers is considered to be very heterogeniousc further research on the basis of controlled background variables is neededc as well as a more detailed view on individual VšT realizationsb Gb qiskerc qbO Bbramsonc BbSb G;[-b B crossjlanguage study of voicing in initial stopsV acoustical measurementsc inV Word Volb 2*c №wc wx-j-22b 2b Ringenc LbO Üulikovc Vb 2*G2b Voicing in Russian stopsV Lrossjlinguistic implicationsc inV Eournal of Slavic qinguistics 2*y2)c 2[;j2x[b zenmamoun yedsb)b "erspectives on Brabic linguisticsc Gjwxb BmsterdamV Eohn zenjaminsb wb Zagyc ZbO Üochetovc Bb 2*Gwb Voice onset time across the generationsV B crossjlinguistic study of contactjinduced changeb žnV Siemundc "b et alb yedsb)c >ultilingualism and qanguage Siversity in Urban Breasb BmsterdamV zenjaminsc G;–wxb -b Bntonovac SbZb G;xxb Donetika i intonacija V korrektirovočnyj kurs dlja zarubežnych prepodavatelejb >oskva .b Wiedec Jbb G;xGb "honologie und Brtikulationsweise im Russischen und Seutschen V eine konfrontierende Sarstellungb qeipzig [b Eessenc >b G;;xb "honetics and "honology of the tense and lax obstruents in Uermanb BmsterdamV Eohn zenjaminsb ]b >eyerc Eb G;;-b "honbjphonetische Überspezifizierung bei Sprechtherapieb >bBb Thesisc University of zielefeldb References Bspiration of voiceless plosives has been observed in both analyzed consonant positions with the following frequencyV GGj yearjolds : G.jyearjolds : adultsb That isc within our sample the younger group of heritage speakers deviate more from the norms of their heritage language than the older does yDigb .)b žn word initial positionc vkv turns out to be aspirated most frequentlyc even by adult speakers of the first generationO vtv shows aspiration in the most rare cases in all age groupsb Dor GGj yearjolds this holds true also for intervocalic positionsb >aterial The material consisted of a little story by >b Zoščenko named Mžnteresno pridumalaM yThought up something clever)b The story was slightly modified to match the vocabulary of the childrenb The presented story has G]2 tokens and ideally w[. syllablesb Dor the present study we recorded .[ children with one parent for each within the framework of qi>B qi"Sb Zot all children were able to readb Dor this reasonc we limited our scope to G* GGjyearj and G* G.jyearj oldsb žnside the age groups we balanced the gender to have . boys and . girlsb The parentsT group consisted only of mothersb šur sample is based on the apparentjtime methodb žn our investigationc we measured VšT in "raat .bwbG]b The following figures illustrate VšTc ebgb the interval between stop release yR) and the beginning of voicing yVz) of the following vocalb DigbG shows a short lag VšTc Digb 2 a longjlag VšTb Digure GV Jxample of annotating an unaspirated VšT segment in "raat Digure 2V Jxample of annotating an aspirated VšT segment in "raat g>aterial Uathering Mean VOT values Perception of Aspiration [x ZH; w]c. ZH[2 .] ZH]2 w.c. ZHG* 2x ZH[[ w; ZH[; 2]c. ZHGx 2* ZHGG] ww ZHGww * G* 2* w* -* .* [* ]* x* vpv vtv vkv VOT ms Stops Lhildren GG Lhildren G. "arents yfemale) Stops three age groups .-u ZHG-- w[u ZH;G Gxu ZH2x 2xu ZHG-; xu ZH;2 *u ZHw* G*u ZH2[[ *u ZHG[; *u ZH.- *u G*u 2*u w*u -*u .*u [*u vkv vpv vtv Percent Tokens Lhildren GG Lhildren G. "arents yfemale) Digure wV >ean VšT values yin ms) for word initial vpvcvtvc and vkv for three age groups Digure -V >ean VšT values yin ms) for intervocalic vpvcvtvc and vkv for three age groups Digure .V "ercentage of aspirated realization for word- initial vpvcvtvc and vkv for three age groups Digure [V "ercentage of aspirated realization for intervocalic vkvc vtv and vpv for three age groups Bcknowledgements We thank the qi>B Zetwork for funding data gatheringc processing and analysis within the qi"S "rojectb VOT ms Stops Lhildren GG Lhildren G. "arents yfemale) -2 ZH;G wG ZH2x 2[c. ZH;2 2.c. ZHw[ -- ZHG-x 2*c. ZHG[; 2* ZH.- w[c. ZH2[[ G* 2* w* -* .* [* ]* x* vpv vtv vkv .[ ZHG-- VšT mean values for vpvc vtvc and vkv in word initial position for first generation adults are nearly the same as for Russian monolingual speakers yDigb wc black lines j Russian refb data [2]c red lines j Uerman refb data [[])b VšT mean values for vpvc vtvc and vkv for GGjyearjold children drift to the Uerman standard values [[c]] stronger than the values observed for G.jyearjolds yDigb w)b žn some casesc GG yearjolds realize VšT even longer than in Uerman used to be yvkv initialc vpv intervocalic)c hyperbolyzing the feature j compare generalized data between [*j]* ms in [[]b Such tendency could not be observed for the group of G.jyearj oldsb Within the age groupsc gender depending variation is observedb VšT mean values for vpvc vtvc and vkv for G.jyearjold female children correspond with those of the parents wheras the boysT realizations drift more towards the Uerman targetb The definition of plosives as aspiratedv non aspirated bases on tow parametersV VšT : w* ms F perceptional impressionb The same result has been observed by [2] who explained it by the different nature of vtv in Russian yalveolar stop) and Uerman ydental stop)b So we can consider the less aspiration of vtv as an effect of Russian articulation basisb

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Page 1: >mÜcmmcmžmDcmmÜgcmZmZgm > Results · mmm-c.b – > Results Gbmm ... R*u w*u-*u.*u [*u vv vv vv Perce' Tokens LhildrenmGG LhildrenmG. "arentsmyfemI DmwVm>mšmmymImm''vvcvvcm mvvmmmm

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Phonoprosodic'effects'of'Russian-German'language'contact'on'Russian'heritage'speakers:'VOT'of'voiceless'plosives>arionmÜrausecmTetyanam"roncmžgormDischercmTatjanamÜurbangulovagcmZataliyamZesterovagm

žntroductionUermanmandmRussianmdiffermwithmrespectmtomthemvoicingmandmaspirationmofmplosivescmbothm inmam twojwaym laryngealmcontrastbmUermanmbelongsm tom themsojcalledm aspiratingm languagesm [G]bm žtm differsm phoneticallym betweenmvoicelessm unaspiratedm andm voicelessm aspiratedm consonantsbm žnm contrastcmRussianmismamtruemvoicemlanguagem[R]bmTheremexistsmamdistinctionmbetweenmvoicedmplosivesmandmvoicelessmunaspiratedmonesOmthemsamemholdsmtruemformfricativesbm mVOT'(voice'onset' time)m inm themwordm initialmpositionmbeforemvowelm andm them durationm ofm voicingm intom them closurem ofm plosivesm inmintervocalicm positionm arem regardedm asm importantm acousticm correlatesm ofmthesemdistinctionsbmVšTmismnegativeminmcasemofmvoicedmplosivescmobtainsmamshortjlagm positivem valuem inm casem ofm voicelessm unspiratedm andm am longjlagmpositivemvaluemformvoicelessmaspiratedmstopsbmDacingm them situationm ofm languagem contactcm whichm wem canm observem formRussianmheritagemspeakersminmUermanycmwemexpectmtransfermphenomenaminmvoicingm andm aspirationm inm bothm languagesm [w]bm žnm them presentm studycm themrealisationm ofm voicelessm plosivesm inm Russianm willm bem examinedbm m WemassumemamcontactjinducedmextensionmofmlagmformvoicelessmplosivesmwhichmweminterpretmasmtransfermphenomenonmfrommUermanbmUenerallymspeakingcmthism featurem ismconsideredmonemofm themmostm strongm indicatorsmofmUermanmaccentminmRussianm[-c.]b

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References

Bspirationm ofm voicelessm plosivesm hasm beenm observedm inm bothmanalyzedmconsonantmpositionsmwithmthemfollowingmfrequencyVmGGjyearjoldsm:mG.jyearjoldsm:madultsbmThatmiscmwithinmourmsamplemthemyoungerm groupm ofm heritagem speakersm deviatem morem fromm themnormsmofmtheirmheritagemlanguagemthanmthemoldermdoesmyDigbm.Ibmžnmwordm initialm positioncm vkvm turnsm outm tom bem aspiratedm mostmfrequentlycm m evenm bym adultm speakersm ofm them firstm generationOm vtvmshowsmaspirationminmthemmostmraremcasesminmallmagemgroupsbmDormGGjyearjoldsmthismholdsmtruemalsomformintervocalicmpositionsbm

>aterialThem materialm consistedm ofm am littlem storym bym >bm Zoščenkom namedmMžnteresnom pridumalaMm yThoughtm upm somethingm cleverIbm Them storym wasmslightlymmodifiedmtommatchmthemvocabularymofmthemchildrenbmThempresentedmstorymhasmG]Rmtokensmandmideallymw[.msyllablesbmDormthempresentmstudymwemrecordedm.[mchildrenmwithmonemparentmformeachmwithinmthemframeworkmofmqi>Bmqi"SbmZotmallmchildrenmweremablemtomreadbmDorm thism reasoncm wem limitedm ourm scopem tom G*m GGjyearjm andm G*m G.jyearjoldsbmžnsidemthemagemgroupsmwembalancedmthemgendermtomhavem.mboysmandm.mgirlsbmThemparentsTmgroupmconsistedmonlymofmmothersbmšurm samplem ismbasedmonmthemapparentjtimemmethodb

žnm ourm investigationcm wem measuredm VšTm inm "raatm .bwbG]bm Them followingmfiguresmillustratemVšTcmmebgbmthemintervalmbetweenmstopmreleasemyRImandmthemmbeginningmofmvoicingmyVzImofmthemfollowingmvocalbmDigbGmshowsmamshortmlagmVšTcmDigbmRmamlongjlagmVšTb

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