module9

Module 9-Ghana 2002 Kizuki-AMSCO

Company Centric B2B

The B2B Field

Kizuki-AMSCO Module 9-Ghana 2002

The Major B2B Models

Types of B-Webs Agora

Aggregation

Value Chain

Alliance

Distributive Networks


What is a Business Model? A system which defines how a firm will build and use its resources to offer its customers superior value profitably.

Business model Customer Value

Scope

Revenue sources

Connected Activities

Implementation

Capabilities

Environment Five Forces

Industry Drivers

Industry Dynamics

Macro

Performance


How do computers talk?

Accomplished through

Protocol Stack

Protocol-a set of rules of

standards that define certain

relationships or behaviour.

A stack-a layer of layers

Internet uses the TCP/IP

protocol stack.

TCP-Transmission control

Protocol

IP-Internet Protocol


What are the Protocol Layers?

Protocol Layer Comments

Application protocol Layer Specific to the application such as www and E-

mail

Transmission Contol Protocol Layer TCP directs packets to a specific location on a

computer port

Internet Protocol Layer IP directs packet to a specific computer using the

IP address

Hardware Layer Converts binary packet data to network

signals and back. This is done using

network cards, modems etc.


The Message Path

Application

TCP

IP

Hardware

Application

TCP

IP

Hardware Internet

Your Computer Another Computer


The Details

The message starts at the top of the protocol stack on your computer and work downwards

The message is broken into chucks known as packets.

The packets would go through the Application Layer and continue to the TCP layer. Each layer is assigned a port number.

We need to know which program needs to recive the message. So the computer listens through the ports to know which program to assigned the message to.

After going throuh the TCP layer, the packets proceed to the IP layer. This is where the packets reveived their IP destination address.

Now the message has a port number and an IP address. Ready to be sent over the internet.

The hardware layer converts the packets into electronic signals and transmitting them over the phone line.

On the other end of the phone line, your ISP has direct connection to the internet. The ISP receives the message and routes it to the IP address on you have given.

The packets reach the other computer. Here it starts at the bottom and work upwards.


Understanding E-

Business Technology

Networking Infrastructure-

What actually makes up the

internet


The Layout

Your computer

1.2.3.4

Modem

Public Telephone

Network

Modem Pool Router

ISP Port Server

ISP-Internet Services Provider

ISP provides services that connects you to the internet.

ISP maintains a pool of modems for their dial in customers

Modem pool managed by a port server which controls the flow of data from the modem pool to the

routers

After your packets go through the public phone and through your ISP equipment, they are routed to the

ISP backbone OR a backbone that the ISP buys bandwidth from.


Internet Infrastructure

The Internet backbone is made up of many large

networks which interconnet with each other. This

larger network is known as Network Services

Providers or NSPs

Cerfnet, IBM, BBN Planet, SprintNet and PSINet

are the well known

Each of these is required to connect to three

Network Access Points.


Internet Routing How does the packets find their way across the internet

Through a router. A router is usually connected between networks to

route packets between then.

Each router knows about its subnetwork and which IP addresses

they use.

When a packet arrives at a router, the router examines the IP

address put thier by the originating computer.

The router checks its routing table. If the network containing the IP

address is found, the packet is sent to that network.

If not found, the router sends the packet to a default route.


Understanding E-

Business Technology

Domain Names and Address

Resolutions


The Structure

Root

org

com gov

edu

net

NSF NOAA NASA

HP

IBM


The Important Point

Domain names reside in a Domain Name

Server-DNS

DNS assigns an IP address to your

domain name.


Application Protocols HTTP and WWW

HTTP-Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. This is the protocol that web browsers and web servers use to comunicate with each other over the internet.

Basically its the protocol used to send requests to web elements such as pages and images.

When you type url into a web browser, the browser firsts connects to a domain name server and retrieves the corresponding IP address for the web server

The web browser connects to the web server and sends an http requests to the desired web page.

The web server receives the request and checks for the desired page. If the page exists, the server sends it. If the server cannot find it, it will send an HTTP 404 error message. (404 means Page not found).

The web browser recieves the page back and the connection is closed.


Application Protocols SMTP and Electronic Mail

SMTP-Simple Mail Transfer

Protocol. This is a text mail

protocol for e-mail applications.


Wrap Up

This is version 4 and it only allows 232

addresses.

Eventually, we will run out of IP

addresses.

Version 6 is currently been tested


Resources

http://www.ietf.org is the home page of the

Internet Engineering Task Force. It has

responsibility for the development of internet

protocols.

http://www.internic.org is the organisation

responsible for administering domain names

http://www.internetweather.com shows animated

maps of internet latency

http://www.ietf.org/

http://www.internic.org/

http://www.internetweather.com/