module five constitutional convention

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Page 1: Module five constitutional convention
Page 2: Module five constitutional convention

Charles Pinckney

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Who Attended the Constitutional Convention?

• Each state except Rhode Island sent delegates to Philadelphia to fix the flaws in the Articles of Confederation.

• Most of the 55 men were well-educated and experienced in politics.

• Native Americans, African Americans, and women were not included.

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Who Attended the Constitutional Convention?

• -Benjamin Franklin was the oldest delegate at 81.

• He was a diplomat, writer, inventor, and scientist.

• Two delegates–George Washington and James Madison–would later become presidents.

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• Thomas Jefferson and John Adams could not attend.

• They were in Europe as representatives of the United States government.

• Patrick Henry opposed the convention and did not attend.

Who Attended the Constitutional Convention?

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What Decisions Where Made?

• The delegates chose George Washington to preside.

• Washington chose a committee to set rules for conducting the convention.

• The committee decided that decisions would be made by majority vote, with each state having one vote.

• Delegates agreed to keep all discussions secret to enable all to speak freely.

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• No formal records were kept.

• • Most of what we know

comes from James Madison’s personal notebook of events.

• • The delegates decided to

discard the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution.

• Thus the meeting came to be known as the Constitutional Convention.

Who Attended the Constitutional Convention?

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Roger Sherman

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What Were the Two Opposing Plans?

• James Madison designed the Virginia Plan. It called for a government with three branches: the legislative branch (lawmakers), executive branch (to carry out the laws), and judicial branch (a system of courts to interpret and apply the laws).

• The legislature would have

two houses, with the states represented by basis of population

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What Were the Two Opposing Plans?

• The Virginia Plan appealed to the large states.

• The small states feared a government dominated by large states would ignore their interests.

• The New Jersey Plan also called for three branches of government.

• The legislature would have one house and each state would get one vote.

• This plan would give equal power to large and small states.

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What Compromises Were Made?

• -Roger Sherman’s committee proposed a Senate and a House of Representatives.

• Each state would have equal representation in the Senate. Representation in the House would be based on population.

• The delegates accepted this Great Compromise or Connecticut Plan.

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What Compromises Were Made?• Southern states

wanted to count enslaved African Americans as part of their population in determining representation in the House.

• Northern states opposed this plan.

• In the Three-fifths Compromise, delegates agreed that every five enslaved persons would count as three free persons for determining congressional representation and figuring taxes.

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• -Northern states wanted Congress to be able to regulate foreign trade and trade between the states.

• Southern states feared Congress would then tax their exports and stop the slave trade.

• They agreed to give Congress the power to regulate trade, but it could not tax exports or interfere with the slave trade before 1808.

What Compromises Were Made?

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• Delegates disagreed on whether Congress or the voters should choose the president.

• The solution was the Electoral College, a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president.

• Today, the voters in each state, not the legislators, choose electors.

What Compromises Were Made?

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Approving the Constitution• Ratification required at

least 9 of 13 state conventions to vote “yes.”

• Supporters of the constitution called themselves Federalists to emphasize that the Constitution would create a system of federalism, a form of government in which power is divided between the federal, or national, government and the states.

• Federalists argued for a strong central government.• Federalist Papers-

Hamilton, Madison, and Jay

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• The Constitution took effect when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify it on June 21, 1788.

Approving the Constitution

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