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Chapter 3 : Coordination and Response

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SMK SEKSYEN 4 KOTA DAMANSARA

BIOLOGY FORM 5LEARNING MODULE

Chapter 3: Coordination and Response

© HERDAWATI HAMDAN

BIOBEST

NAME:

CLASS:




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1. What types of stimuli ????????????

Sensing danger from a predator-

Glucose level in blood-

Gravity-

Taste -

Blood pH-

Smell-

Temperature-

Touch-

2. State the necessity for living organisms to respond to external and internal stimuli. (to

enable the organisms to : Adjust to environmental ____________________

Protect the organism from ___________________

Ensure the ______________ of the organism.

3. Tropism response in plants.

a. Phototropism response

The stimulus for this type of response is ____________________.

b. Geotropism response

___________________ force is the stimuli for this type of response.

c. Hydrotropism response

A type of plant growth response towards __________________ stimuli.

d. Thigmotropism

This response can be observed on plants with soft stems, which respond towards

______________ stimuli.




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Coordination-Process involved the detection of stimulus and the subsequent response of

the organism towards the stimulus which involved both the n____ s and e____________n

system.

1. Nervous system

Functions of nervous system in human

a) Receives information from r__________________

b) Transmit and i______________ the information

c) Formulates appropriate responses to be sent to the e_____________ organs

d) Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body

e) Helps to maintain h__________________________

What are the main components of nervous system?i. Central nervous system - b________ and s_________ c______

ii. Peripheral nervous system- the nerves and nervous tissue outside the brain and thespinal cord




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Central Nervous System (CNS)

a. Refer text book…………..page 79

Parts Structure Function

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Brain Stem

Medulla oblongata

Pons

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

The Brain




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1. Diagram below shows a cross section of the spinal cord. Name the parts of the spinal cordlabelled as P, Q, R and S.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Structures of the PNS

1) Cranial nerves: (12 pairs)

2) Spinal nerves: (31 pairs) - Carry nerve impulses to and from the spinal cord to body parts

not served by the cranial nerves.

3) Somatic nervous system -Carries nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles, joints and

skin

4) Autonomic nervous system (ANS) -Carries nerve impulses to the smooth muscles of

internal organs and to glands without conscious thoughtTwo subdivisions of autonomic nervous system :

a) Sympathetic system - Controls "fight or flight" responses

b) Parasympathetic system - Controls those responses associated with a relaxed

state.




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Cells of the Nervous System –Neurons

-They are the basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system.

- They conduct nerve impulses.




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A self-propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron's

plasma membrane.

Composed of:

a. Cell Body - Part that contains the nucleus

b. Dendrite(s) -Carries a nerve impulse towards the cell body

c. Axon(s) -Carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body (and towards the dendrite of

the next neuron).Axons are also called nerve fibers.

d. Myelin:- Provides insulation forms myelin sheath around axonse. Nodes of Ranvier - gaps on axons

f.

Note: Definition of a nerve impulse :

Three types of neurons (by functional classification):

Afferent neurone Efferent neurone Interneurone

Function:

Transmit nerve impulses

to the _____________

and ___________ from all

over the body.

Function:

Carries impulses away

from the spinal cord and

brain to ________/muscle

/ glands

Function:

• Transmits nerve

impulses from one

neuronal dendrite to the

axion of another neuron.

• All are found only in the

gray matter of the brain or

spinal cord.




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1. Define a synapse.

2. A synapses may be found between

a) A neurone and a _________________

b) A neurone and a _________________

c) A neurone and a _________________

3. Describe briefly the transmission of impulses across a synapse. [7m]

4. Give 2 examples of neurotransmitters

(a)_________________________ (b) __________________________

A narrow gap located at the junction between the axon terminal of one neurone and the dendrite of

an adjacent neurone




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What is voluntary action?

Answer:

It is defined as the action that is controlled by the conscious will of a person. It involves the

integration and interpretation of information in the cerebrum.

Example: Raising your hand to answer a question.

What is an involuntary action?

• An action not bound by the will of a person.

• Occurs automatically in the body without any conscious control.

• Involves receptors to detect the stimulus, medulla oblongata to interpret the

information and effectors to carry out the response automatically.

• Example: Involving skeletal muscles such as knee jerk, and smooth muscles (cardiac

muscles or glands) such as normal blood pressure




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GLAND HORMONE FUNCTION TARGET




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Differences between nervous system and endocrine system….

NERVOUS SYSTEM ASPECTS ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

COORDINATION BETWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

HOMEOSTASIS

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Examples of physical factors-

Examples of chemical factor-

module chapter 3 f55

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