module 9 - hawaii.edubashburn/bioc141/outlines/module_9_outline.pdfthe active ingredient in many...
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Brad Ashburn, PhD Biochemistry 141
Module 9
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The Mole
2
A mole is a quantity that contains 6.02 x 1023 items
Avogadro’s Number
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Examples
3
How many molecules are in 3.00 moles of CO2?
How many moles are 8.7 x 1024 molecules of CO2?
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Molar Mass
4
The molar mass is the mass (in grams) of one mole of any substance
Molar mass comes from the Periodic Table
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5
Calculate the number of moles present in 152.6 g of the anti-depressant Li2CO3.
Grams to Moles Conversion
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Moles to Moles Conversion
6
2C2H6 + 5O2 4CO + 6H2O
What are the coefficients telling us?
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7
N2 + 2O2 2NO2
How many moles of NO2 are formed from 3.3 moles of N2?
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Grams to Grams Conversion
8
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Grams to Grams Conversion
9
mole–mole conversion
factor
molar mass conversion
factorGrams of reactant
molar mass conversion
factor
Moles of reactant
[1]
Moles of product
[2]
Grams of product
[3]
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Example
10
Ethanol is made by reacting ethylene gas with water. How many grams of ethanol are formed from
14 grams of ethylene?
C2H4 + H2O C2H6O
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Concept Check 1
11
The principle component of natural gas is methane, CH4, which undergoes a general combustion reaction below:
CH4 + O2 -----> CO2 + H2O
Write out the balanced chemical reaction.
How many grams of CO2 are produced from 5.50 grams of O2? Show your work.
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Concept Check 2
12
The active ingredient in many commercial antacids is calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, which reacts with stomach acid (HCl) to produce calcium chloride (CaCl2) and water:
Ca(OH)2 + HCl ----> CaCl2 + H2O
Write out the balanced reaction.
Classify the reaction.
How many grams of stomach acid (HCl) are needed to produce 12.8 g of CaCl2?
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Energy Change in Chemical Reactions
13
ΔHWhen energy is absorbed, the reaction is
endothermic and ΔH is positive.
When energy is released, the reaction is exothermic and ΔH is negative.
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Energy Change in Chemical Reactions
6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)
ΔH = +678 kcal
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
ΔH = -213 kcal14
When ΔH is positive:
When ΔH is negative:
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Reaction Rate
15
Three Factors determine the rate of a chemical reaction.
ConcentrationTemperature
Catalyst