module 4.8 excreta fertilisers in agriculture how can ecological fertilisers from excreta best be...
TRANSCRIPT
Module 4.8Excreta fertilisers in Agriculture
How can ecological fertilisers from excreta best be used?
What is the farmer applying to the field?
• Mineral Fertiliser• Animal Manure
– Slurry– Solids
• Water• Energy
How is the fertiliser applied?• Mineral fertiliser
– Spreader– By hand
• Solid manure– Spreader for solids TS>20%– Manually
• Trolley + shovel• Liquid manure
– Spreader for liquids TS<12%– Overflowing– Included in watering water– Applied bucket/tank wise
When is the fertiliser applied?
• Before plantation• Until 2/3 of season• Until Ear setting• Until one month before
harvest• 2-3 times per cropping• Every day?
Application of water
• When is it needed?– Increased water, except
during flooding• How?
– Spraying– Surface overflow – Surface application– Drip irrigation
Group question
• How can we produce these fertilisers from households– What materials do we get?– Do they need extra treatment?
• Why?
– What are the fertilising value of the fractions?
Nutrient content in wastewater
• Urine– 1-1.5L /pd 3-500L /year
• 0.3-0.7L per urination– 3-3.5kg N/py– 0.3kg P/py– 0.3kg K/py– All direct plant available
Fraction content
• Faeces– 100-400g/pd 40-100kg/year– 0.3kg N/py– 0.1kg P/py– 0.2kg K/py– Most organically bound
Nutrient content in wastewater
Treatment of urine
– Storage• 2 Month >20C• 1 Month >30C
– Not according to WHO!
– Urine to own garden direct use
– Urine from urinals only – less treatment requred
– Selected use less storage needed
Treatment of faeces
– Composting• >50C >1week + turning• Low temp composting
– Biogas• Long HRT and MRT• Additional hygiene
treatment preferable– Chemical treatment
• Ammonia• Lime• Ash
– Selected use
How to apply the urine fertiliser– Large Medium scale
• Drip irrigation• Hose spreader• Watering
– Small scale• Drip irrigation• Watering can• Watering (with GW)
– Application• Before planting• During growth
• Compost– Solid manure– Shovel– Application
• Before planting• Biogas slurry
– Hose spreader– Land overflow– Incorporation into soil– Application
• Before planting• During growth
How to apply the faecal fertiliser
• Direct application– At trees– Mulch bed– Grass land– Avoid storage (smell)
• Treated GW– Irrigation
• Spray• Drip• Overflow
How to apply the greywater
To what can I use the urine fertiliser?
• Treated urine / at home application– Unrestricted use– Salt content– High ammonia content
• Untreated urine– Fodder crop– Crop above ground
• Processed• Fruits
– Ornamental purposes
• Level of treatment– High level unrestricted
use– Low level restricted use
• Crops with long growth period
– Pineapple – Banana– Coconut
• Non food crops– Fodder– Ornamental
To what can I use the faecal fertiliser?
• Untreated GW– At home– Direct use (minimise
piping)– Applied treatment
• Mulch bed• At trees
• Treated GW– Can be stored– Watering purposes
To what can I use the greywater?
Selection of use
• Practicality• Hygiene
– Barriers• Treatment• Selection of use
– Food crop– Fodder– Other
• Composition
• Acceptance
– User– Farmer (end user)– Consumer