module 3 naval skills · ship structure cargo ship compartments and the main storage spaces of all...

Module 3 – Naval Skills

Section 2 – Ship Construction

Unit 1 - Ship Construction and Damage Control

Chapter 1 – Ship Construction, Propulsion and Naming

What You Will Learn to Do

Demonstrate knowledge of Navy ships, their construction, characteristics and damage control

Objectives

1. Define terms that describe a ship’s structure

2. Describe the decks and spaces of a U.S. Navy vessel

3. Describe the superstructure of a U.S. Navy vessel

4. Describe the watertight integrity of a Navy ship

Key Terms

Keel - The backbone of the hull located on the centerline like an I-beam running the full length of the bottom of the ship

Gunwale - The upper edge of the side or bulwark of a vessel

Roll - A ship rolls from side to side

Key Terms

Pitch - A ship pitches when it goes up and down fore and aft

Yaw - A ship yaws when the bow swings to port and starboard because of wave action

Draft - The distance from the keel to the waterline; the depth to which a vessel is immersed when bearing a given load

Key Terms

Compartment - Rooms of a ship

Head (ship compartment) - Bathrooms on a ship

Wardroom - The dining area for commissioned officers

Stateroom - A private room or compartment on a ship

Key Terms

Scupper - A drain at the edge of a deck exposed to the weather, for allowing accumulated water to drain away into the sea or into the bilges

Superstructure - Any deck above the main deck, forecastle deck, or poop deck

Weather deck -

The deck or all parts of a deck exposed to the weather

Key Terms

Foremast - The mast nearest the bow in vessels having two or more masts is the foremast

Mainmast - The second mast from forward in ships having two or more masts is the mainmast

Pigstick - A slender vertical extension above the mast from which the ship’s commission pennant is flown

Key Terms

Watertight integrity -

The soundness of a ship’s construction which prevents leakage

Stack - Supplies air to the main propulsion engines and removes exhausts and hot gases from them

Jackstaff - A short flagpole at a ship's bow, on which a jack is flown

Key Terms

Collision bulkhead -

A strong watertight bulkhead at the after end of the forepeak tank

List - Lean to port or starboard; careening, or leaning to one side, as of a ship

Trim - Be “down” by the head or stern; the difference between the forward and aft drafts

Based on your current knowledge, can you name and describe decks and compartments of a Navy ship?

Note to Instructors: Click the Show/Hide Response Display Button

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Whiteboard

A. Expert – I know the entire dictionary of naval terminology.

B. Knowledgeable – I know most of the naval terms.

C. Rookie – I probably just know the common ones.

D. Novice – Ahoy, matey?

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A. armored

B. unarmored

C. drafted

D. undrafted

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Ship Structure

Hull is the main body of a ship.

Hull

Keel

Keel is the backbone of the hull located on the centerline running the full length of the bottom of the ship.

Ship Structure

Transverse frames are girders attached to the keel run athwartship and support the watertight skin or shell plating, which forms the sides and bottom of the ship.

Longitudinal frames are structural frames that run fore and aft.

Ship Structure

Double bottom is a honeycomb structure formed by the longitudinal and athwartship frames in the bottom of the ship

Ship Structure

These spaces between the inner and outer bottoms are formed when plating covers the honeycomb, which may be used for fuel and water stowage.

Tanks or Bridges

Ship Structure

The top of the main hull is called the main deck.

Main DeckGunwale

Gunwale (pronounced gun’el or deck-edge) is the intersection of the main deck with the shell or side plating.

Ship Structure

A ship rolls from side to side.

A ship pitches when it goes up and down fore and aft.

A ship yaws when the bow swings to port and starboard because of wave action.

Rolls, Pitches, and Yaws

Ship Structure

Most warships built today have unarmored hulls, while many ships of the last century had armored hulls.

USS Vella Gulf (CG 72) USS Iowa (BB 61)

Ship Structure

Waterline is the part of the outside of a ship's hull that is just at the water level.

Waterline

Ship Structure

Draft is the distance from the keel to the waterline.

The red area on the model represents the ship's draft.


A. pitches; rolls; yaws

B. yaws; pitches; rolls

C. yaws; rolls pitches

D. rolls; pitches; yaws

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A. Bottom frames

B. Double bottom frames

C. Transverse frames

D. Longitudinal frames

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Ship Structure

The floors of a ship are called decks.

They divide the ship into layers and provide additional hull strength and protection for inner spaces(rooms).

Decks

Ship Structure

Compartments are the rooms of a ship and are sometimes called rooms, such as:

• Wardroom - officer’s dining room

• Officers’ staterooms - officer’s bedrooms

• Engine room

Ship Structure

The wardroom is the dining area for commissioned officers.

DDG

SSN

Ship Structure

Stateroom is a private room or compartment on a ship.

Mess deck is a dining area for enlisted crewmembers.

Ship Structure

Berthing compartments are the living quarters for enlisted crew members.

Officers country is the living spaces of officers.

Heads are the bathrooms on the ship.

Ship Structure

Compartment numbers are assigned according to a standardized system that identifies all spaces aboard a ship.

Example: 2 - 175 - 7 - A

Second deck

Frame number

Fourth compartment tostarboard from centerline

Compartment usage (stowage)

Ship Structure

Cargo ship compartments and the main storage spaces of all ships are called holds.

Holds are normally larger in merchant ships than in naval combatants or civilian passenger ships.

Complete decks are decks that extend throughout the ship from side to side and bow to stern.

Ship Structure

The uppermost complete deck that runs continuously from bow to stern is the main deck.

Main Deck

Ship Structure

The second, third, and fourth decks are complete decks below the main deck numbered in sequence from the main deck down.

On an aircraft carrier, the uppermost complete deck is the flight deck.

Ship Structure

The hangar deck is the main deck on aircraft carriers on which aircraft are stowed and serviced.

Ship Structure

Forecastle deck is a partial deck at the bow above the main deck:

• At midships it becomes the upper deck

• At the stern of a ship it is the poop deck

Ship Structure

• Well deck is the main deck areas between the forecastle and poop decks

• Half deck is any partial deck between complete decks

• Platform decks are the partial decks below the lowest complete deck

Ship Structure

Bulwarks is a sort of low solid steel fence along the gunwale of the main deck.

Scuppers are rubber or metal drains fitted in the bulwarks that allow water to run off the deck during rain or heavy seas.

Bulwarks

Scuppers

Ship Structure

A superstructure deck is any deck above the main deck, forecastle deck, or poop deck.

Ship Structure

These decks are called levels. The first level above the main deck is the 01 (pronounced oh-one), the second the 02, and so on.

Superstructure Decks

Ship Structure

The superstructure deck includes all structures above the main deck.

NOTE: The flight deck on a carrier is the 04 level, not the main deck.

Main Deck

Ship Structure

Included in the superstructure may be the:

• Wheelhouse• Bridge• Signal bridge• CIC• Radio shack• CO’s sea cabin

Superstructure deck levels may be called other names related to their uses as mentioned above.


A. Upper deck

B. Main deck

C. Platform deck

D. Forecastle deck

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A. First

B. Second

C. Third

D. Fourth

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Ship Structure

The mast tops the superstructure and will have at least one vertical pole fitted with a horizontal yardarm that extends above the ship and carries flag halyards and navigational and signal lights.

Mast

Ship Structure

On most ships, the mast will contain:

• Electronic devices

• Radar antennas

• Radio aerials

• Meteorological instruments

Ship Structure

The mast nearest the bow in vessels having two or more masts is the foremast.

Foremast

Ship Structure

It is usually taller than the foremast, making it normally the highest structure above the main deck.

Mainmast

The second mast from forward in ships having two or more masts is the mainmast.

Ship Structure

Truck is the top of the mast.

Pigstick is a slender vertical extension above the mast from which the ship’s commission pennant is flown.

Gaff is a spar extending abaft the mainmast from which the national ensign is flown when the ship is Underway.

Ship Structure

When a Navy ship is at anchor or moored, it flies the jack on the jackstaff.

Union Jack

Jackstaff

Ship Structure

When in port or at anchor, a Navy ship flies the national ensign from the flagstaff at the stern from 0800 to sunset.

Flagstaff

Ship Structure

The Navy Jack is now raised in lieu of the Union Jack until the war on terrorism is over.

Ship Structure

The stack supplies air to the main propulsion engines and removes exhausts and hot gases from them.

Stack

Ship Structure

Nuclear-powered ships do not need stacks since their reactors require no air for combustion, and they produce no smoke or gas.

Watertight Integrity

To prevent the spread of flooding, watertight bulkheads are built in naval ships to divide the hull into a series of watertight compartments.



Holds are the compartments of cargo ships, and the main storage spaces of all ships.

HoldsThe more compartments a ship has, the more secure it will be from flooding.


Flooding can cause a ship to:

• List - lean to port or starboard

• Lose trim - be “down” by the head or stern

• Capsize - tip over, or sink


Access through bulkheads is provided by doors and through decks by hatches.

Hatch

Door


These are tanks located at the extreme bow and stern of the ship and are used for trimming the ship.

Forward (or Forepeak) and After Peak Tanks

After Peak Tanks

Forepeak Tanks


A collision bulkhead is a strong watertight bulkhead at the after end of the forepeak tank.

If one ship rams another head on, the bow structure would collapse, hopefully, somewhere forward of the collision bulkhead, thus preventing flooding of compartments aft of it.


Maintenance of watertight integrity is a function of damage control.

A stuffing tube is a cylinder plugged with watertight filler material to prevent leakage.

Stuffing Tube


All watertight doors and hatches carry markings that determine when they may or may not be opened.

In this case, the “Z” (condition ZEBRA) indicates this door is normally kept closed at all times.

How is watertight integrity maintained on a Navy ship?

Note to Instructors: Click the Show/Hide Response Display Button

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A. The nuclear powered ship glows in the dark.

B. Both use a steam powered turbine, but one uses nuclear power to heat the water to steam.

C. The nuclear powered ship uses a release of nuclear isotopes to drive the turbine.

D. The nuclear powered ship moves by a motor powered by electricity from the reactor.

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A. As long as the ship is in commission.

B. Until the captain scuttles the ship.

C. Until the war on terrorism is over.

D. Until there is world peace.

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Questions?

Click any link below to go directly to polling that question.

Click here to return to this index. Index

1. Backbone of the hull

2. Upper edge of side of vessel

3. Ship rolls, side to side

4. Ship's movement- up, down; fore, aft

5. Bow swings to port and starboard

6. Distance from keel to waterline

7. Rooms of a ship

8. Bathrooms on a ship



9. Dining area for commissioned officers

10. Private room on a ship

11. Parts of deck exposed to elements

12. Drain at edge of deck exposed to weather

13. Any deck above main deck

14. Mast nearest the bow

15. Second mast from forward



16. Slender vertical extension above mast, ship’s commission pennant flown

17. Short flagpole at a ship’s bow, jack is flown

18. Supplies air to main propulsion engines, removes exhaust

19. Soundness of ship’s construction, prevents leakage

20. Lean to port or starboard

21. Be “down” by head or stern

22. Strong watertight bulkhead at after end of the forepeak tank

Index Leader Team MVP Fastest Whiteboard

A. Scupper

B. Abeam

C. Keel

D. Gunwale

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A. Rail

B. Gunwale

C. Head

D. Weather deck

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A. Yaw

B. Pitch

C. Roll

D. Wayward

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A. Roll

B. Wayward

C. Pitch

D. Yaw

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A. Roll

B. Bows

C. Wayward

D. Yaw

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A. Berth

B. Trim

C. Yaw

D. Draft

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A. Cabins

B. Quarters

C. Compartments

D. Blocks

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A. John

B. Head

C. Lavatory

D. Watercloset

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A. Mainroom

B. Stateroom

C. Wardroom

D. Commandroom

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A. Stateroom

B. Wardroom

C. Commonroom

D. Cabin

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A. Top deck

B. Weather deck

C. Scupper deck

D. Outer deck

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A. Lift

B. Jackstaff

C. Stack

D. Scupper

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A. Stack deck

B. Platform deck

C. Superstructure

D. Well deck

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A. Foremast

B. Shipmast

C. Mainmast

D. Topmast

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A. Captain’s mast

B. Topmast

C. Foremast

D. Mainmast

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A. Trim

B. Pigstick

C. Lift

D. Stack

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A. Stubby

B. Pigstick

C. Flagstaff

D. Jackstaff

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A. Smoke Barrel

B. Stack

C. Condenser

D. Exhaust Tube

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A. Water resistance

B. Sinkabiltiy

C. Seaworthiness

D. Watertight integrity

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A. List

B. Trim

C. Stack

D. Draw

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A. Draw

B. List

C. Trim

D. Stack

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A. Forepeak bulkhead

B. Collision bulkhead

C. Front bulkhead

D. Counter bulkhead

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module 3 naval skills · ship structure cargo ship compartments and the main storage spaces of all...

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