module 2 leadership · (ns2-m2c2s1:lq1) a. b. 0 0 a. true b. false (ns2-m2c2s1:lq2) applying...

Module 2 – Leadership

Section 1 – Approaches to Leadership

Chapter 2 - Approaches to Leadership

What You Will Learn to Do

Understand the principles of effective leadership and importance of discipline

Objectives

1. Describe the importance of authority in the Navy

2. Cite the differences between authority in civilian life and authority in the military

3. Explain the importance of self-discipline in both military and civilian life

4. Describe the requirements for discipline in unit drill ceremonies

Objectives

5. Cite the major differences between a democratic style of leadership and an autocratic style of leadership

6. Cite five significant approaches to leadership

7. Describe four critical skills necessary for a leader to communicate effectively

1. Willingness to accept

responsibility for one's actions

2. Legal or rightful power

3. Leadership style, leader as

undisputed authority

4. Transfer responsibility for a task

to another person

5. Leadership style, allows

participation of followers in

making decisions

6. State of group's spirit

7. Ability to control one's behavior

8. To influence thinking by means

of reasoning

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Click any link below to go directly to polling that question.

A. Reliability

B. Scrupulous

C. Delegates

D. Accountability

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A. Accountability

B. Authority

C. Autocratic

D. Morale

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A. Nationalism

B. Myrmidon

C. Allegiance

D. Autocratic

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A. Delegate

B. Allegiance

C. Devotion

D. Persuade

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A. Accountability

B. Delegate

C. Republican

D. Democratic

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A. Persuade

B. Morale

C. Autocratic

D. Authority

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A. Persuade

B. Democratic

C. Self-Discipline

D. Autocratic

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A. Morale

B. Democratic

C. Persuade

D. Delegate

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To transfer responsibility for a task to another person

Delegate -

A leadership style focused on the leader as the undisputed authority

Autocratic -

Legal or rightful powerAuthority -

Willingness to accept responsibility for one’s actions

Accountability -

Key Terms

One’s ability to control their behavior

To influence thinking or action by means of argument or reasoning

Persuade -

group, especially their willingness to

perform assigned tasks

Self-Discipline -

State of the spirits of a person or Morale -

Key Terms

Democratic - A leadership style that allows parti-cipation of followers in making decisions

Note to Instructors: Click the Show/Hide Response Display Button

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A. Expert - I have studied up on leadership styles and approaches.

B. Moderate - I could hold a discussion.

C. Novice – I’m sure different approaches exist.

D. Zilch - Different approaches? Its my way or the highway.

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A. B.

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A. True

B. False

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Applying one’s abilities in a leadership role is a unique experience for each person as he/she figures out how to best use their skills.

Introduction

It’s important that there is just one person in authority and in charge in the Navy.

This person has the burden of both responsibility and accountability.

A leader who is unsuccessful in a mission must account for both deeds and results -good intentions are much less important.

Introduction

This accountability is necessary to create confidence or

trust in the leadership among subordinates.

The Commanding Officer is the Authority in Charge with complete responsibility and accountability for all things within his or her command.

Introduction

This responsibility cannot be delegated.

Authority in civilian life does not carry the same amount of accountability.

Authority in Civilian Life

In many cases, civilian leaders may be held accountable only if they break the law. But they should still act responsibly and act in a professional manner.

Authority in Civilian Life

EXAMPLES OF CIVILIAN AUTHORITY

Responsible to…. Authority from…

Teachers Educate students Principal and Superintendent

Police, civil and school authorities

Maintain law and order People through laws that people enact

Naval Science instructors

Educate NJROTC cadets The school district and the Navy

Discipline is not something to fear, but is an orderly way of doing things.

Discipline and Self-Discipline

In both military and civilian life, discipline is a way of guiding people toward the right actions.

Self-discipline is control of yourself, and includes an inner strength coming from your experiences and training.


It’s what makes you do what you know needs to be done instead of only doing what you’d rather do.

The NJROTC program is designed to teach self-discipline, which helps in:

• Managing time

• Taking and following directions

• Making decisions


Leaders need these skills whether they are in the military or civilian worlds.

Self-disciplined people:

• Make the military and all society function well

• Are dependable

• Take care of their responsibilities on their own

• Build better habits by practicing self-control

• Are better able to manage hardships and danger

• Typically have high morale, and follow regulations cheerfully and well


Drill teaches self-discipline, because it requires the unit to act as one person.

Drill and Discipline

Good drill units must practice regularly until each individual knows the routine perfectly and can move in unison.

Drill is not punishment or endless routine, but a leadership tool to build a sense of belonging and pride in each member of a unit.

Drill and Discipline

Wearing uniforms correctly and moving in unison looks good and feels good.

A. General Officer

B. Commanding Officer

C. Lead Engineer Officer

D. Line Officer

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A. strength; take care of their responsibilities on their own

B. endless routine; practice regularly

C. authority; accept punishment

D. self-discipline; act as one person

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Most leaders’ styles fall somewhere in between the two extremes seen below.

Leadership Styles

Leadership Styles

Autocratic StyleDemocratic Style

Leadership Styles

Autocratic Democratic

Centered on… Leader Followers

Style Direct, impersonal Leader uses people skills and collaboration

Subordinatesparticipate in decisions

No Yes

Relationship-centered No Yes

Builds close-knit group

No Yes

Most effective for short term mission

Yes No

How should a leader try to convince people to do the job? There are many options….

Range of Leadership Styles

The leader keeps all authority and gives the group little freedom. Leader decides….group follows.


The leader makes the decision, then persuades the group that this decision is “best” for the group.


The leader states the problem, picks a possible solution, and lets the group react to this solution.

Possibly accepting suggestions, the leader makes a final decision and informs the group.


The leader presents the problem and asks for ideas from the group members.

The group recommends solutions; the leader selects one, and informs the group.


The group decides and the leader follows.

Here the leader is just another member of the group and agrees to carry out the group’s decision.


When delegating authority, it is important to set:

• Clear and concise limits to operate

• Specific goals

• Time constraints


If the individual or group finds it necessary to exceed the limits set, the leader must be advised in all but emergency cases.

Leadership and Communication

To become a good leader, one has to be able to communicate well. The four skills necessary for communication are:

A. Reading

B. Writing

C. Listening

D. Speaking


A. Reading

In order to “pass the word” to followers and carryout instructions, a good leader must be able to read directives and understand them

When reading longer text, save time, effort and increase understanding by• Scanning material first for

main ideas, then…• Re-reading for details


B. Writing

Often, leaders must give written orders and instructions – so they must be able to write in a way that others can clearly understand.


There are four important steps to follow for effective writing:

1. Clarify your purpose: Be able to say why you are writing, who will read it, and what you expect the reader to do after reading it

2. Limit the subject: Material should be limited to what suits your purpose above. Don’t waste time with extra material.


There are four important steps to follow for effective writing:

3. List your ideas: List ideas for your reader. As you read and research, write down ideas and change them later if necessary.

4. Organize your ideas into groups: Use an outline to organize and plan. Main ideas are followed by important subheadings, then by supporting information

A. Selling; Joining

B. Explaining; Watching

C. Discussing; Joining

D. Building; Participating

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A. Telling

B. Joining

C. Consulting

D. Selling

E. Testing

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C. Listening

The art of listening effectively is picked up through practice and hard work.

Poor listeners often try to place the entire burden on the speaker.

Some people who only want to hear themselves speak, but that is not the way to effectively manage people or build respect.


There are four rules to becoming a better listener:

1. Get ready to listen: Do not place all the responsibility on the speaker. You must be alert!

2. Take responsibility for understanding: Do some thinking as you listen. If you listen to just the words, you may miss the overall message. Repeat what you thought you heard to be sure, and don’t go away in doubt.


There are four rules to becoming a better listener:

3. Listen to understand rather than to disagree: Listen and wait; try to understand first and evaluate second. Don’t let emotions cloud the matter. Question only after speech or lesson is finished.

4. Listen for main ideas: Take notes and come to a lecture, meeting or class prepared to do so. This helps you stay alert.


D. Speaking

Everyone speaks, but not everyone effectively communicates.

A speaker must be able to speakon a level that the audience will understand.

Everyone has listened to someone give directions and come away more confused than before – that person was not a good communicator.


Since leadership means getting things done through other people, a leader must be able to speak well.

Although giving orders and instructions isn’t exactly the same as giving a speech, the same rules apply.

It starts with organizing your materials….


There are five basic steps for an effective speech:

1. Determine the purpose of the speech: Having “zeroed in” on your purpose, stick to it. Don’t wander in your research or your writing.

2. Narrow the scope of your topic: Do not try to cover too much in one speech. You will bore your listeners if you do. Most good speeches can be given in 15 minutes or less.


3. Choose a subject of interest to you and your audience: Keep in mind the maturity of your audience. Do not rely just on what you know about the subject. Do research to be sure your information is correct.

4. Make an outline to organize your speech: Note facts and figures so you don’t make mistakes.


5. Practice your speech: Say it in front of a mirror or use a tape recorder, keeping time. Listen to yourself and observe your gestures. This practice will give you confidence.

Following these five steps will give you additional confidence to deliver

an effective speech as a leader.


The best speeches use what is called “three part communication” or 3 Part Comm.

As the name implies, there are three separate parts to guide your audience’s attention during your presentation:

1. Introduction

2. Body

3. Close


More on 3 Part Comm…

1. Introduction - Tell your audience what you are going to tell them

2. Body - Tell them! Hit your key points in the same order as you outlined in the Introduction

3. Close - Tell your audience what you told them, including reinforcing key points and wrapping up your speech with a “thank you”

In Summary

By using the rules and guidelines reviewed today, you can improve your leadership and communication skills significantly.

Note to Instructors: Click the Show/Hide Response Display Button

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A. B.

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A. True

B. False

(NS2-M2C2S1:LQ7)

A. Narrow the scope of your topic.

B. Choose a subject of interest to you and your audience.

C. Determine the purpose of the speech.

D. Make an outline to organize your speech.

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