module 2-c vehicles generally characterized as either being passenger or freight freight equipment...
DESCRIPTION
Freight Car Types Box Cars Open Hoppers Closed Hoppers Gondolas http://www.gbrx.com/files/images/Site_Photos/North_American_Rail/Headers/box_car.jpg Great decals DRGW_13386TRANSCRIPT
Module 2-C Vehicles Generally characterized as either being
passenger or freight Freight equipment is hauled primarily with
diesellocomotives Passenger vehicles are usually locomotive hauled
or self-propelled. Freight Car Types Box Cars Open Hoppers Closed
Hoppers Gondolas
Great decals DRGW_13386 Freight Car Types Intermodal Specialty Auto
racks
boeing blogs .com 38-4[1] Reddit.comUnion-Pacific-Autoflex[1]
Self-Propelled Locomotive Hauled
Passenger Vehicles Self-Propelled Locomotive Hauled Self Propelled
Vehicles Street Cars
Small narrow vehicles that tend to mingle withautomotive traffic
Predominantly electrically powered lightrail now
phi-lrv-rte11_rtt[1] urban one.com Portland_streetcar[1] Self
Propelled Vehicles Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs)
Larger articulated vehicles than street cars Stops (stations) are
slightly further apart Tend to be separated from street traffic
Predominantly electrically powered DSCF5555[1]
normal_Baltimore_LRV_01[1] Self Propelled Vehicles Diesel Multiple
Units (DMUs)
Multiple unit train powered by onboard dieselengines Power
transmission Diesel-mechanical Diesel-hydraulic Diesel-electric
High acceleration due to distributed tractive effort Suitable for
routes with closely spaced stations Better availability based on
redundancy of systems Self Propelled Vehicles Diesel Multiple Units
(DMUs)
Gtw_riverline[1] UPXatMimico[1] NJT River Line Metrolinx Colorado
Rail Car _d5aabb190d[1] Self Propelled Vehicles Electrical Multiple
Units (EMUs)
Multiple Unit train utilizing electric power Usually consists of
two or more semi-permanentlycoupled vehicles High acceleration
based on distributed adhesion Can be dual mode AC-DC or AC-Diesel
Suitable for routes with closely spaced stations Better
availability based on redundancy of systems Self Propelled Vehicles
Electrical Multiple Units (EMUs)
subchat.com _37264a8a14_b[1] normal_080715_1398[1] NJT Arrow III
SEPTA SLV Metro North M-8 Locomotive Hauled Electric
Overhead catenary powered Multiple Voltages 25kV/60 Hz, 12kV/25 Hz,
12.5 kV/60 Hz High Power (ex. 6.4MW/8600HP) AC 3 Phase Motors IGBT
Converter 320 kN / 72,000 lbs of Tractive Effort Max. Speed 125mph
Head End Power (HEP) 1000 kVA, 3ph, 480 V/60 Hz Locomotive Hauled
Electric Locomotive Hauled Electric
SEPTAAEM-7 AMTRAK ACS-64 NJT ALP-46 MARC HHP-8 Locomotive Hauled
Diesel
Diesel Electric (diesel engine coupled to alternator) HP to 4600hp
2 cycle and 4 cycle models Medium speed and High speed engines
Increased emission requirements (ex. Tier IV) Diesel Locomotive
Schematic
Locomotive Hauled Diesel
subchat.com PL42AC_4012_Bound_Brook[1] 2001shipper from Boise MBTA
HSP-46 NJT PL-42 Amtrak P-40 Locomotive Hauled Dual Power
Used where diesel is prohibited Provides service to urban and rural
areas 750 Vdc and Diesel OH Catenary and Diesel (25kV/60 Hz,
12kV/25 Hz, kV/60 Hz) Locomotive Hauled Commuter
Transit agencies including NJT, SEPTA, MARC, MBTA,MNR, LIRR, etc.
Push pull operation (locomotive at one end and acab car at the
other) railroad.net normal_2308b[1] rooshvforum.com
1115-mbta-mt1[1] Locomotive Hauled Intercity
AMTRAK Service Electric locomotives (AEM-7, HHP, ACS 64) Diesel
locomotives (P-40) Dual Power (P-32) Acela Power Car
123mobilewallpapers.com amtrak-train-mountains_wallpaper[1] Trucks
(Bogies) Structure beneath vehicle that accommodates thewheels and
axles Provide suspension, propulsion, and braking Many types of
applications Inboard Bearing Outboard Bearing 2 or 3 axle Chevron,
coil, and leaf spring suspensions Trucks (Bogies) Siemens.com
SOICRL201208-03_072dpi[1]
NJ TRANSIT ML TRUCK Brakes Pneumatically operated systems
Regenerative Systems
Based on the Westinghouse air brake system. air reservoirs are
provided on every vehicle the train pipe is charged with a positive
air pressurefrom air compressor Vehicle brakes are released and air
reservoirs arecharged Engineer applies brakes by venting train pipe
(ie brakepipe) Brakes Pneumatically controlled systems
(GeorgeWestinghouse design) Brakes Control limited by the speed of
air sometimesresulting in train handling issues Braking effort is
usually through pneumaticallyactuated tread brake blocks Brakes ECP
Upgrade Electronically controlled pneumatic brakes (ECP)eliminates
the time delay associated with standardair systems Brakes Each car
is fitted with aECP manifold and iscontrolled by a ECPtrainline
Advantages of ECP brakesystems Less coupler wear Less track wear
Less brake shoe wear Reduced stopping distances Regenerative Brake
System
Brakes Tread Brake Units (TBUs)
Brake Block is applied to wheel tread Pneumatically operated with
mechanical advantage Parking brake may be an integral part Brakes
Inboard Discs Inboard of the wheel bearings
Brake pad applied to disc Provide more braking effort than TBUs
Better heat dissipation Removes the chance of blueing a wheel
Easier for maintenance Brakes Outboard Discs Brake disc is attached
to the outside of the wheel Used as a supplement to TBUs Allows
easy access for maintenance and inspection Can be a challenge for
clearance Brakes Track Brakes Used primarily on street cars and
LRVs
Application of braking shoes directly to the track Current is
applied to strong electromagnet coilswithin the shoes. HVAC Split
Systems are being phased out
Overhead modular units are becoming prominent Compressors are
becoming smaller Hermetically sealed New refrigerants to replace
R-22 Microprocessor Systems
Almost all systems are microprocessor controlled PropulsionBrakes
Low Voltage Power SupplyBattery Charger Monitoring and
DiagnosticsHVAC Doors Communications Lighting Digital
Communications
Data trainline network (DTN) Data Car Network (DCN) Train to
wayside communications Car level diagnostics Train Level
diagnostics Bench test equipment Materials Traditional Materials -
Carbon Steel, Aluminum andStainless Steel Progression to more
sophisticated materials such ascarbon fiber, honeycomb composite
panels Use of 3d printed materials is just being evaluated
Materials need to meet stringent smoke, flame andtoxicity
requirements Materials Monocoque Carbodys
Platform vs. Monocoque Monocoque structures utilized for load
capacityand weight requirements Materials Composites Composites
used in components requiring complexshapes such as endbonnets, body
cladding, HVprotection panels, etc. Materials CEM CEM is a
requirement in latest standards
Protection of occupied spaces including theengineer are paramount
Methods for CEM include Shear back couplers Collapsible elements
utilizing honeycomb materials Weakening of specific structural
elements to controlprogressive deformation Seat
compartmentalization CEM CEM CEM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUpUJrk4QBE CEM Seat
Compartmentalization Passenger Accessibility
US vehicles need to comply to 49 CFR part 38 Horizontal and
Vertical gaps addressed forplatforms Audio requirements for the
visually impaired Visibility requirements (stair treads,
destinationsigns, etc.) Passenger emergency Intercoms PEIs Access
for mobility devices Passenger Accessibility Door
Configurations
Single leaf, bi-parting, plug, pocket, traps Passenger
Accessibility Floor Heights
Commuter Platform height (52 from top of rail) Trap door access 70%
low floor 100% low floor Rail Vehicles encompass all of the
engineering sciences
Dynamics Thermodynamics Heat Transfer Mechanics of Materials Fluid
mechanics Power Control systems Physics Thank You Questions James
Martin P.E., P.M.P.