module 1: evolution and economics
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Module 1: Evolution and Economics. The Development of Economic Systems. From an Evolutionary Perspective…. Isolate the basic biological aspects. Explore how it has been altered throughout a species’ (our) evolutionary heritage. economics. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Module 1:Module 1:Evolution and EconomicsEvolution and Economics
The Development of The Development of Economic SystemsEconomic Systems
From an Evolutionary From an Evolutionary Perspective…Perspective…
Isolate the basic biological aspects.Isolate the basic biological aspects. Explore how it has been altered Explore how it has been altered
throughout a species’ (our) throughout a species’ (our) evolutionary heritage.evolutionary heritage.
economiceconomicss2. The branch of knowledge (now
regarded as one of the social sciences) that deals with the production, distribution, consumption, and transfer of wealth; the application of this discipline to a particular sphere; (also) the condition of a state, etc., as regards material prosperity; the financial considerations attaching to a particular activity, commodity, etc.
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Optimal Foraging TheoryOptimal Foraging Theory
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Optimal Foraging TheoryOptimal Foraging Theory
E = 500 cal.
T = 15 min.
E = 250 cal.
T = 5 min.
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Optimal Foraging TheoryOptimal Foraging Theory
Food ItemFood Item E/TE/T
3030
2020
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Optimal Foraging TheoryOptimal Foraging Theory
Food ItemFood Item E/TE/T
3030
2020
Eaten:Only
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Optimal Foraging TheoryOptimal Foraging Theory
Food ItemFood Item E/TE/T
3030
2020
Eaten:Only
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Optimal Foraging TheoryOptimal Foraging Theory
Food ItemFood Item E/TE/T
3030
2020
Eaten: &
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Optimal Foraging TheoryOptimal Foraging Theory
Food ItemFood Item E/TE/T
3030
2020
Eaten: &
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:One-on-One InteractionsOne-on-One Interactions
John Maynard Smith:John Maynard Smith: Hawk-Dove ModelsHawk-Dove Models
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GraphGraph
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Proportion of Altruists
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Altruist Morph Selfish Morph
Rela
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Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:One-on-One InteractionsOne-on-One Interactions
Tit-for-TatTit-for-Tat strategy cooperates with strategy cooperates with cooperators and defects on cooperators and defects on defectors.defectors.
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½Food Minus Cost
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Proportion of Tit-for-Tat
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Tit-for-Tat Selfish
Rela
tive
Fit
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Tit-for-Tat in Nature:Tit-for-Tat in Nature:BirdsBirds
Tit-for-Tat in Nature:Tit-for-Tat in Nature:FishFish
Tit-for-Tat in Nature:Tit-for-Tat in Nature:PrimatesPrimates
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Why Begin Cooperating?Why Begin Cooperating?
E = 500 cal.
T = 20 min.
E = 4000 cal.
T Alone = N/A
T w/Help = 30 min.
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Why Begin Cooperating?Why Begin Cooperating?
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Why Begin Cooperating?Why Begin Cooperating?
Game Theory and Biology:Game Theory and Biology:Why Begin Cooperating?Why Begin Cooperating?
Cooperation and CultureCooperation and Culture
Player 1 can then give as much or as little of the money as he or she wants
to Player 2.
Player 2 can approve of the
amount given, and both keep the
money.
Evolutionary Game Theory:Evolutionary Game Theory:Ultimatum GameUltimatum Game
Player 1 Player 2
Or Player 2 can refuse the offer, and no one gets
any money.
QuichuaQuichua
Individual farmers of the Amazon Individual farmers of the Amazon Basin.Basin.
LamaleraLamalera
Whale hunters from Indonesia.Whale hunters from Indonesia.
KazakhKazakh
Pastors of Mongolia.Pastors of Mongolia.
Au and GnauAu and Gnau
Foraging peoples from New Guinea.Foraging peoples from New Guinea.
Social Dependency
What Explains the Variation?What Explains the Variation?
Social Integration
Make CBG-Only MapMake CBG-Only Map
First Mover: Plays “blindly”First Mover: Plays “blindly”
Second Mover: Plays with Second Mover: Plays with knowledge of first mover’s behavior.knowledge of first mover’s behavior.
1) How would you play as a first 1) How would you play as a first mover?mover?
2) How would you play as a second 2) How would you play as a second mover if your partner cooperated?mover if your partner cooperated?
3) How would you play as a second 3) How would you play as a second mover is your partner did not mover is your partner did not cooperate?cooperate?
Social Dependency
Predictors of Cooperation:Predictors of Cooperation:A World in a CityA World in a City
Inverse of Median Income
N’bhd Quality
Social Integration
Cooperation and SubculturesCooperation and Subcultures
Social Dependency
Predictors of Cooperation:Predictors of Cooperation:In-Class Study #1In-Class Study #1
Risk Taking Behavior
Trusting People
Social Integration
How to Maintain How to Maintain Cooperation?Cooperation?
ProsocialSelfish
How to Maintain How to Maintain Cooperation?Cooperation?
ProsocialSelfish
How to Maintain How to Maintain Cooperation?Cooperation?
ProsocialSelfish
How to Maintain How to Maintain Cooperation?Cooperation?
ProsocialSelfish
How to Maintain Cooperation?:How to Maintain Cooperation?:ImitationImitation
How to Maintain Cooperation?:How to Maintain Cooperation?:PunishmentPunishment
How to Maintain Cooperation?:How to Maintain Cooperation?:PunishmentPunishment
Moralistic PunishersMoralistic Punishers Prosocial individuals who also punish.Prosocial individuals who also punish.
Selfish PunishersSelfish Punishers Individuals who are generally selfish but Individuals who are generally selfish but
punish other selfish individuals.punish other selfish individuals.
Punishment:Punishment:Moralistic PunishmentMoralistic Punishment
Punishment:Punishment:Moralistic PunishmentMoralistic Punishment
Punishment:Punishment:Selfish PunishmentSelfish Punishment
Punishment:Punishment:In-Class Study #2In-Class Study #2
Selfish Selfish PunishersPunishers
More MalesMore Males Invest More Invest More in in PunishmentPunishment
Moralistic Moralistic PunishersPunishers
More More FemalesFemales
Invest Less Invest Less in in PunishmentPunishment
Evolution & the Evolution & the MarketplaceMarketplaceMarket:
A place where trade of resources occurs.
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:Multiple Interactions and Supply-Multiple Interactions and Supply-
DemandDemand
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:BarteringBartering
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:Bartering & the Bartering & the Invisible HandInvisible Hand
Adam SmithAdam Smith
The Wealth of NationsThe Wealth of Nations
(1776)(1776)
Self-interest is Self-interest is natural.natural.Competition is good Competition is good for society.for society.
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:Multiple Interactions and Supply-Multiple Interactions and Supply-
DemandDemand
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:MoneyMoney
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:InvestmentInvestment
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:InvestmentInvestment
Investors
Borrowers
Assumed Profits
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:InvestmentInvestment
Resources
Inflation
Markets & Evolution:Markets & Evolution:RegulationRegulation
Credit markets don’t have natural Credit markets don’t have natural emotional controls!emotional controls!
Individual interests destroy the group Individual interests destroy the group system!system!
Social integration again…?Social integration again…?