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BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 1

NEW BUSINESS

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EKONOMI DAN BISNIS

AKUNTANSI

NEW BUSINESS

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 1

“There is always plenty of business, if you are smart enough to get it”.E W Howe (1853 – 1937) American writer

NEW BUSINESS

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What conditions are important for people starting new business? Choosethe three most important from the list. Can you think of any others?

•low taxes•low interest rate•cheap rents•stable economy•good transport links•training courses•high unemployment•a strong currency•government grant•skilled staff

Match the economic terms 1 to 10 to their definitions a to j.

• interest rate a) total value of goods and services produced in a country• exchange rate b) general increase in prices• inflation rate c) cost of borrowing money• labor force d) price at which one currency can buy another• tax incentives e) percentage of people without jobs• government bureaucracy f) people working• GDP (Gross Domestic Product) g) low taxes to encourage business activity• unemployment rate h) money from overseas• foreign investment i) official rules/regulations/paperwork• balance of trade j) difference in value between a country’s imports and exports

Expansion in a Downturn

Harriet Arnold

• Expansion in an economic downturn is possible for smaller businesses, says Colin Barrow, directorof the business growth and development programmed at Cranfie ld School

• Of Management. The challenges are tougher than in good times but small and medium-sizedenterprises can still grow, he says, and some of them may be better placed than bigger businesses.He says owner managers should focus on customers and finance:

• Hang on to customers and research how much more they could order from the business.• Concentrate on working capital* - ‘the smaller the business the worse they are at controlling

capital,’ says Mr Barrow. He says that often the money they need is already there: ‘Many smallcompanies take 90 days to collect payment. Finding ways to reduce that to 35 days would greatlyreduce the cost of capital.’

• The area of greatest weakness in most small businesses ‘strategic thinking’ is in finance. Most smallcompanies are financed by overdraft, the worst source of money,’ hesyas, and advises buildinglinks to other sources of finance.

True or False, according to Colin Barrow?

• It is not possible for small companies to grow during economic downturns.• Small companies are in a worse situation than big companies during

downturns.• Small companies should look especially at their customers and their finances.• If small companies were paid more quickly, they would have fewer financial

problems.• Overdrafts (=borrowing money from a bank by spending more than is in your

account) are a good source of finance in case of difficulty.

TIME CLAUSES

Time clauses provide information about actions and event in the past, present or future.

We often use when to introduce time clauses.• Mr. Pistorio remembers when he first joined the company …(past time)• When there are few a jobs, young people tend to study more. (present

time)• When I’m on the plane, I’ll read all the contracts. (future time)

We can also use while, before, after, until and as soon as to introduce timeclauses.

• Many new high tech companies started while the economy was growing.• We need to arrange our finance before we can develop the business.• After we meet the candidates we’ll decide how many to employ.• Until inflation is under control, planning will be difficult.

When we use a time clause to talk about the future, the verb in the time clause is in the presenttense or the present perfect tense.• As soon as the y sign the contract, we’ll announce the deal.• We’ll make the decision when we’ve finished the budget.

We use time clauses to provide information about actions and events in the past, present, andfuture.• Do you remember when you had your first interview? (past time)• When your customer are unhappy, they’ll usually tell at least 20 other people. (true all the

time)• When I find the missing documents, I’ll bring them to you. (future time)

We use a present tense, not will, to refer to future time in a time clause.• Until inflation is under control, planning will be difficult (NOT* will be under control)• Once we finish the project, we’ll have more time. (NOT* will finish the project)• Can you look at this before you leave? (NOT*will leave)• The share price will rise as soon as we announce the merger.• I’ll see you when the meeting finishes.

NOTE that:a present perfect in a time clause refers to a future situation.• I’ll get back to you as soon as we have decided what o do• She will write you after/when she’s spoken to her boss• We won’t know the results until we’ve received all the sales report• While mean ‘during the time that’ or ‘at the same time as’• I like to listen to music while I’m working• I was working late at the office while she was out socializing• While I was in Italy, I went to see Alessandro

for/ since/ duringWe use both for and during with periods of time, but the is usually used after during.• I haven’t seen for a month.• What are you planning to do during the vacation?• He fell asleep during the meeting.• We use since with points in time• The company has expanded fast since it was founded• Since Martin joined the company two years ago, profits have risen dramatically.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

• Catton David, Falvey David , and Kent Simon, MARKET LEADER, CourseBook, Pre-Intermediate Business English, 2002, Edinburg Gate, Harlow,Essex, CM 2JE, England.

• Trappe Tonva. 2005. Intelligent Business. England: Pearson EducationLimited

• Azar. S. Betty. 1989. Understanding and Using English Grammar 2nd

Edition. New Jersey: Prentice – Hall, Inc• Philips Deborah.2001. Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test: New York:

Addison Wesley Longman• Wishon, E.G & Burks. M. Julia. 1980. Let’s Write English Revised Edition.

New York: Litton Educational Publishing• Oshima, A & Hogue A. 1997. Writing Academic English Second Edition:

New York: Addison Wesley Longman• Karnedi. 2001. Grammar Translation Exercises: Pusat Penerbitan

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