modul escalator 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Escalators
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Defintion
An escalator is amoving staircase a
conveyor transport
device for carrying
people betweenfloors of a building.
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History
In 1889, Leamon Souder successfullypatented the "stairway", an escalator-type
device that featured a "series of steps and
links jointed to each other". No model was
ever built.
In November, 1898, Piat installed its
"stepless" escalator in Harrods
Knightsbridge store in England.
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Benefits
The capacity to move large numbers ofpeople.
Can be placed in the same physical space
as one might install a staircase. No waiting interval (except during very
heavy traffic).
They can be used to guide people towardmain exits or special exhibits.
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Main components:
Landing Platforms. Truss.
Steps and Tracks.
Handrail. Wheel track & step chain.
Driving & control unit.
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Landing Platforms:
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Landing Platforms:
The top platform contains the motorassembly and the main drive gear.
Each platform contains a floor plate and a
combplate. The floor plate provides a place for the
passengers to stand before they step onto
the moving stairs.
The combplate is the piece between the
stationary floor plate and the moving step.
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Truss:
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Truss
Assembly of structural steel that supports theweight and load of an escalator.
A Control Panel, Drive Units for Steps andMoving Handrails and other components arehoused inside the structure.
Main parts:
- Top Machine Room/Bottom MachineRoom.
- Main Track.- Trailing Track.
- Moving Handrail Drive Unit.
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Truss
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Top Machine Room/Bottom Machine Room
1) Control Panel: Controls stop/start operation and also
supplies electric power to the Drive Unit.
2) Drive Unit: A unit to drive the escalator, comprised ofelectric motor, decelerator, electromagnetic brake, Vbelt, Sprocket, and other components.
3) Drive Chain: A chain that transmits the Drive Unit'spower to the drive wheel (Sprocket).
4) Sprocket (top/bottom): Drive wheels installed at top andbottom to drive the Steps. The top Sprocket drives themoving Steps, while the bottom sprocket turns the Steps.
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Steps & Tracks:
The track system is built into the truss to guide thestep chain, which continuously pulls the steps fromthe bottom up and the other way around.
Every step has 4 wheels: 2 step-wheels and 2trailing-wheels.
For both type of wheels theres a separate track: thestep-wheel track (on the outer side) for the stepwheels and the trailing wheel track (on the innerside) for the trailing wheels.
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Steps & Tracks:
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Steps & Tracks:
The wheels on the step-
wheel track are the ones
that are connected to the
rotating step chain and
so are pulled by the main
drive gear at the top of
the escalator. The other
set of wheels just glide
along its track, following
the other ones.
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Steps & Tracks:
The steps themselves are solid, one piece, die-cast
aluminum or steel.
Yellow demarcation lines may be added to clearly
indicate their edges.
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Step Chain:
A chain, located on
both sides of an
escalator, connecting
the Steps and driven by
the Step Chain
Sprocket.
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Handrails:
The handrail provides a
convenient handhold forpassengers while theyare riding the escalator.
Moves along the top of
the Balustrade insynchronization with theSteps.
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Handrail Driver:
The handrail drive system
is directly driven by the
step drive system by
adding an extra belt
around the main drive gear
that also drives the steps. Like this, both the steps
and the handrail move at
the same speed, making
the ride for the passengers
on the escalator more
comfortable.
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Driving Unit:
The motor is a threephase squirrel cage
AC induction motor
specifically developed
for escalator service.
High starting torque.
Minimal vibration.
Reversing Type.
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Motor starting:
Direct-on-line. Star-Delta starter.
Soft-starter(variable source voltage).
VVVF Control (Variable Voltage, VariableFrequency)
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VVVF energy optimizer Controller:
Its soft starting feature also lowers excessive
starting current and prevents wearing of
mechanical gears, chains, belts etc. So it
prevents mechanical shocks.
Reduces losses in AC induction motors by wayof voltage reduction and soft starting capability.
It provides the required motor operating voltage
to suit various loading conditions, resulting in
higher power factor (i.e. better power efficiency)
and reduced motor losses.
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On demand operation:
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Braking:
An intelligent braking system wouldrequire a brake that can be proportionally
controlled.
The most widely used brake types onescalators are either hydraulic or
electromagnetic.
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Electromagnetic Braking:
The problem with electromagnetic brakesis that they can either be set in the on or
off positions, and it is not possible to keep
them in intermediate positions in order to
vary the pressure.
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Hydraulic Braking:
Hydraulic brakes on the other hand can becontrolled by varying the oil pressure that
acts against the springs.
So modern escalators and intelligentbraking systems use hydraulic brakes.
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Hydraulic Braking:
The pressure applied by the hydraulicbrake is the result of the interaction
between the spring force (trying to apply
the brake pads on the disk) and hydraulic
pressure (trying to keep the brake pads off
the disk).
The spring pressure is constant and
cannot be varied, as it is a characteristic ofthe spring.
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Hydraulic Braking:
By controlling the hydraulic pressure, theexact braking effort can be applied. The
hydraulic pressure is varied by controlling
the valves that control the flow of the oil.
Such a control can be done via two
methods:
Proportional valves.
Pulse width modulation (PWM) control ofon/off valves.
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Case Study:
Swafyyeh Mall (Avenue):
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General Specifications:
Model :08JSB35-141
Speed:0.5M/sec
Capacity:1000 P/H
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Motor Specifications:
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Motor Specifications:
7.5 KW 380V 15A
50Hz 1450 rpm 78 Kg
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Brake:
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Brake:
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Brake:
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Brake:
140 N.m 200 V DC 0.3 A
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Main Wheel:
Main Chain
Main Wheel
Step
chain
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References:
Wikipedia. www.mitsubishielectric.com
www.howstuffworks.com
buckylab.blogspot.com Intelligent Braking Systems for Public
Service Escalators by Dr. Lutfi Al-Sharif.