modul 10. interconnection billing settlement and clearing house

7/30/2019 Modul 10. Interconnection Billing Settlement and Clearing House

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Interconnection Billing &

Settlement


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Interconnect billing is a business function performed between a network operator

and its network peers. This billing involves a much smaller 'customer' base (i.e.

each connecting network) but with substantially higher transaction volumes and

bill values than retail billing. Each interconnect bill exchanged between network

operators can represent the aggregated billing for millions or billions of

transactions

Interconnect processing costs can be minimized by not processing individualtransactions through the 'retail' billing platform.

All transactions performed across the operator's network boundary require

interconnect settlement, either to bill another network for transiting or completing

their transaction, or to reconcile another network's bill for completing a

transaction that originated from the operator's own network.

The activities of billing and reconciliation are complementary, with differences

occurring in the direction of cash flow (money paid out versus an outstanding

debt) and in the priority of the processing (e.g. performing billing with a higher

priority than reconciliation)

April 2011 InterkoneksiSemester Ganjil 2010-2011

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Where transactions require two or more networks for a successfulcompletion, the participant networks share in the retail revenue

stream by charging the retail biller (usually the transaction originator)

for completion or transit of the transaction across their networks

Three components involved in interconnect billing :

o Originating network

o Terminating network

o Transit network


4

Originating networkOperator A

Transit network(Operator B)

Terminating network(Operator C)

POI POI

A Number B Number


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The network upon which the transaction 'starts'. Theoriginator will (usually) bill the retail customer for the

transaction. Retail customers perform their transactions

(e.g. phone calls) with little consideration for the

underlying networks required to complete the transaction

These transactions are sent to retail billing, though they

contain details that can support the reconciliation of bills

received from the network operator's network peers

Transactions records indicating an off-network (inter-)

connection can be used to pre-calculate and match the

charges received from external networks


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Terminating network is the network where the transaction

'ends'.

These network operators may charge (bill) the upstream

network(s) for completing their transactions. Terminating

transactions can be a substantial revenue source for

network operators.

For example, calls that terminate on a mobile phone

network are an additional revenue source for mobile

phone operators, only enhanced by the move to mobile

phones over fixed phone lines


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Where the originating and terminating transactions are

routed between separate networks without a common

touchpoint, the network(s) upon which transactions

'transit' on their end-to-end path may also charge for their

services.

The entire business of some network operators is the

transit interconnection between retail end-points, though

the margins are low and under pressure due to the

commodity nature of the business


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Each interconnection of each transaction type can be a matter of

negotiated or regulated pricing, including the payment direction, and

each part of this must be reflected in the billing platform. For example,

reverse charge and toll-free phone calls are billed to the recipient, but

the same phone call connection performed without the operator or

toll-free intermediate number is billed to the originator

Different prices may be charged at a retail level where distinctions

between end network types are possible, but where this is not

possible, a common rate may be applied. Examples:

o In Australia, there are distinctions between end network types (i.e. mobile/cell

phone versus fixed phone)

o In US, distinction is not possible due to shared phone number ranges

The ability to distinguish between end destinations can also affect the

ability to differentiate how interconnect charges are calculated

Two types of billing are Direct Billing and Cascade Billing


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Metode Settlement

OPERATOR A OPERATOR B OPERATOR CPOI POI

Bill Bill Bill

DirectAccounting

CascadeAccounting

Data Exchange

Settlement

Payment

A B

C

A B

C

Data Exchange

Settlement

Payment

MODEL

INTERKONEKSI

Settlement :Hasil Pertukaran billing interkoneksi dan pengakuan hak interkoneksi pada suatu

periode bulan takwim dan merupakan kewajiban yang harus diselesaikan oleh salahsatu Pihak kepada Pihak lainnya.

April 2011 10InterkoneksiSemester Ganjil 2010-2011


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A network operator can settle with each network partner

directly (Direct Billing) where the originating network isaware of each network involved in the end-to-end

completion of its transactions, and can pay each network

operator directly for their participation.

This approach requires agreements be establishedbetween each involved party before interconnect billing

can be performed

Direct billing enables the costs associated with a call to be

allocated by the originating operator directly among anumber of organizations


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An alternative approach is to bill/pay only those networks connected to theoriginating network directly. Each downstream network then bills its upstream

('originating') network and is billed in turn by their downstream ('terminating')

network.

This cascades the revenue (Cascade Billing) to the downstream ('terminating)

networks. The originating and terminating networks do not need to identify or

establish direct billing relationships, and the transit networks can routetransactions depending on the prevailing prices of alternative routes

An international call is an example of a multi-network transaction that could

originate on a mobile phone network (#1), be carried from its originating location

to the originating country's international point-of-interconnect (POI) (#2), without a

direct network connection between the originating and terminating countries the

call is passed through (transits) a third country (#3), on 'arrival' at the terminating

country it is carried internally from the terminating country's international POI to

the local network in the terminating country (#4), where it terminates on the

network of the intended phone (#5), establishing a phone call


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: Domestic and international calls that originate onone (retail) network, are often carried to the destination region / country on

another network (transit), and then terminate on the local provider's network

associated with the regional / overseas phone number

: Interconnect processing connects calls between two

mobile (cell) phone networks that have no common point-of-interconnection.

Without a transit connection between the two isolated networks, calls couldnot be completed. Interconnect billing charges for the use of an operator's

network as an intermediary, and for the terminating network to complete the

call

: The exchange of short text messages between mobile phones. Originally

these messages could only be exchanged between phones on the same

provider's network (no interconnect requirement), but as networks came to

peering agreements and inter-connected their networks for SMS, mobile

phone customers could send their SMS transactions with a higher confidence

the recipient could receive it. Interconnect billing is employed to bill for the

carriage (transit) and delivery (termination) of these transactions


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: Similar to SMS messages, picture / video transactions are exchanged

between mobile phones on different networks. Whilst SMS have a fixed length,

pictures and videos are variable in size creating an additional dimension that

may vary the interconnect pricing model used in their billing

: An extension of the phone call now possible on 3G

phone networks, these 'transactions' are performed predominantly betweenphones on the same network (no interconnection), but will over time become

possible between networks using the same technologies, necessitating

interconnect billing to allocate the revenue stream between the participants

: : These are 'phone communications' made between selected

mobile phones using an 'always on' walkie-talkie model. Initial deployments

have required all selected mobile phones to be on the same provider's network

(no interconnection), but long-term the ability to speak (PTT) with any phone

will increase PTT's appeal (i.e. just as SMS became more popular when 'any'

phone could receive a customer's SMS), establishing the need for interconnect

billing


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Aturan dan parameter billing disepakati antarpenyelenggara yang berinterkoneksi dan dituangkandalam perjanjian tertulis, di antaranya : Tarif interkoneksi

Format call scenario

Parameter dan format CDR (misal: identifikasi A# dan B#,identifikasi trunk group/final switch identification, tanggal, waktu)

Parameter rating (misal: koordinat titik interkoneksi dan titikpembebanan, faktor koreksi)

Formula perhitungan (misal: metode pembulatan, billable traffic)

Treatment terhadap anomali (misal: A# blank/not complete)



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Mekanisme settlement harus disepakati bersama Periode settlement : monthly atau quaterly

Siapa yang menagih dan yang ditagih

Eksisting:

Domestic --> Terminating bill to originating

IDD --> Domestic bill to IDD for originating & terminating

Future (PP 52) :

Biaya interkoneksi dibebankan kepada originating

Verifikasi tagihan dilakukan oleh yang ditagih dengan membandingkan dengan catatan yang

dimiliki (outgoing record)

misal : billing interkoneksi (incoming dari operator lain) dibandingkan dengancatatan outgoing yang dimiliki oleh pihak yang ditagih

Prosentase toleransi terhadap perbedaan data

Prosedur klaim

Pengakuan tagihan (pengakuan sementara maupun final) Penelitian perbedaan data

Jangka waktu penelitian

Format/leveling data

Penelitian data & teknis (test call, dsb)

Bill Period Closure --> suatu periode billing ditutup dan tidak dapat dibuka kembali



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Perbedaan mendasar antara billing interkoneksi dan billing retail

Billing retail menerbitkan ribuan lembar tagihan sehingga memerlukan sistem khusus (printing,enveloping, mailing) serta memerlukan sistem pembayaran khusus (kerjasama dengan bank)

Tagihan interkoneksi hanya diterbitkan beberapa lembar sesuai jumlah operator sebagaicustomer namun besaran yang ditagihkan sangat besar, sehingga memerlukan tingkat audit dandata integrity yang bagus dalam sistem billing interkoneksi

Pemahaman customer interkoneksi terhadap operasionalisasi bisnis telekomunikasi sangat baikdan mampu memverifikasi tagihan

Customer retail diharapkan membayar penuh tagihannya dan komplain ditangani denganmenerbitkan credit note. Interkoneksi membutuhkan proses rekonsiliasi tagihan yang harusdidukung sistem khusus untuk dapat menyajikan informasi serinci mungkin

Kunci dalam hubungan dalam interkoneksi adalah trust, verify, dan integritas sistem yangbagus, mengingat potensi dispute sangat besar dan memerlukan effort

Pembayaran interkoneksi seringkali tertunda, karena mementingkan akurasi tagihan



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Pada level yang lebih teknis, perbedaan tersebut di antaranya :

1. Kebutuhan informasi tentang konfigurasi network

Billing interkoneksi membutuhkan informasi yang lebih spesifik dan lengkap mengenaikonfigurasi network maupun ruting panggilan untuk dapat merating scr akurat

2. Audit dan Integrity

Terkait dengan perlunya rekonsiliasi tagihan, sistem billing interkoneksi harus mampu

untuk audit-trail dan integritasnya terjaga (rule dan parameter konsisten)

3. Konflik prioritas dengan billing retail

Bila sistem billing interkoneksi dan retail menyatu, akan ada konflik prioritaspemrosesan. Biasanya lebih mendahulukan billing retail.

4. Karakter trafik

Karakter trafik interkoneksi lebih beragam, dapat terminasi, originasi, maupun transit,

sementara trafik retail bersifat outgoing. Hal ini mempengaruhi sumber data.5. Berkembangnya sistem pembebanan interkoneksi

Seiring dengan kompetisi dan perkembangan regulasi, skema tarif interkoneksi danpembebanannya akan bervariasi. Memerlukan antisipasi pada sistem billing untuklebih fleksibel beradaptasi.



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KONFIGURASI-1Kombinasi billing retail dan interkoneksi

CDRs

BILL PRODUCTIONGENERAL LEDGER

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION

RETAILMEDIATION INTERCONNECT

CDR = Call Data Record

Billing Retail dan Interkoneksi


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KONFIGURASI-2Separasi billing retail dan interkoneksi di sisi prosesCDR menyatu

CDRs



RETAIL

MEDIATION INTERCONNECT




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KONFIGURASI-3Separasi proses billing retail dan interkoneksiCDR dipisahkan berdasarkan karakter incoming/outgoing

CDRsoutgoing



RETAIL

MEDIATIONINTERCONNECT

CDRsincoming

Data

Retail

daninterkoneksi

Data

interkoneksi




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KONFIGURASI-4Separasi billing retail dan interkoneksi baik sisi CDR maupun proses

CDRsoutgoing



RETAIL

MEDIATION

INTERCONNECTI/n,transit & o/g

CDRsPoI MEDIATION




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Kliring trafik telekomunikasi

(clearing house)


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Pada level nasional kompleksitas interkoneksi dapatterjadi dalam hubungan antara sekian banyak operatordengan jenis layanan yang berbeda.

Pada level global kompleksitas akan bertambah denganadanya perbedaan bahasa, kultur, market, regulasi, serta

faktor-faktor teknis. Dengan situasi seperti di atas, teknik-teknik untuk

pelaksanaan interkoneksi merupakan suatu hal yangpenting.

Dalam kenyataannya teknik-teknik tersebut dapat menjadi

fasilitator, tetapi dapat pula menjadi penghambatkompetisi dan tersebarnya layanan telekomunikasi didunia.



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Complexity of Interconnection

TradingPartner-1

TradingPartner-2

TradingPartner-3

TradingPartner-4

Trading

Partner-5

Trading

Partner-6

Trading

Partner-7

Trading

Partner-8



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Scenario of Interconnection

BSO1

BSO2

BSO4

BSO3

ILDO1

ILDO2

ILDO3

ILDO4

NLDO1

NLDO2

NLDO3

NLDO4

CEL1

CEL2

CEL3

CEL4



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New Scenario of Interconnection(With Interconnect Exchange / Inter-carrier Billing Clearing House)

BSO1

BSO2

BSO4

BSO3

ILDO1

ILDO2

ILDO3

ILDO4

NLDO1

NLDO2

NLDO3

NLDO4

CEL1

CEL2

CEL3

CEL4

Interconnect Exchange(Clearing House)



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Interconnect Exchange could be connected to each operator at POIs

preferably through a duplicated interconnect link

As all the operators would be connected to only one interconnect

operator, uniform terms of interconnect could be applicable

Interconnect Exchange could be flexible enough to accommodate all

type of interconnect links as per licensing/ regulatory requirements

Interconnect Exchange operator could work as a mediator and the

Clearing House for the bills between service providers. In the first

instance, incumbent operator could offer these services. In case he

declines, one of the new operators could provide such interconnect

exchange for all type of interconnections at designated POIs

In the scenario with 16 operators in a typical POI Area, with the

introduction of an Interconnect Exchange the number of Interconnect

links could be reduced to as little as 16 from staggering number of

240 links needed based on the present recommended interconnection

architecture


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In the existing multi operator multi service environment, without an

Interconnect Exchange the following problems are generally faced by the

service providers:

Inter carrier billing

Complexity in settlement of interconnect usage charges

Sharing of Intelligent Network Platform

Implementation of Number Portability

Implementation of carrier selection

Higher range of interconnection cost and Port Charges.

Longer waiting period for provision of interconnection capacities.

Higher cost of service

Inefficient handling of call

Sub-optimal utilization of network

Serious increase of CAPEX and OPEX making operation unavailable


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Network Simplicity

Optimization of number of Interconnect links

Simplicity in Digit analysis/ Route selection

Simplicity of Operation

Simplification of Carrier selection function

Simple, Cost effective and reliable POIs

Efficient handling of New and Traditional Interconnects

Better utilization of Interconnect links

Equality in Terms of Interconnect


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As the Interconnect Exchanges will handle all inter

operator calls, it is in a unique position to work for

o Inter Operator bill settlement (Clearing House function)

o Reconciliation and MIS generation

o Tariff based/ Time based route selection

o Route related announcements

o Carrier selection

o Promotion handling in coordination with operators, etc

These functions could be controlled by Financial

Institutions in case the traditional or upcoming service

operators are not in a position to offer such facilities


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KM 21/2001 tentang Penyelenggaraan Jasa Telekomunikasi

Pasal 84 ayat 1 dinyatakan

Dalam rangka menjamin tingkat pelayanan, transparansi trafik danefisiensi penyelenggaraan jasa telekomunikasi, Direktur Jenderalmelaksanakan fungsi kliring trafik telekomunikasi

KM 84/2002 tentang Kliring Trafik Telekomunikasi

Fungsi :o Pengawasan pelaksanaan pelayanan interkoneksi

o Pemantauan terlaksananya interkoneksi scr adil dan transparan

o Mengolah, menghitung, menyimpan, menyajikan data trafik interkoneksi darirekaman data panggilan

o Melakukan settlement trafik interkoneksi dengan menyiapkan tagihan hakmasing-masing penyelenggara

o Menyiapkan data penyelesaian perselisihan settlement

o Melakukan penghitungan dan penyiapan data dan tagihan USO daripenylenggara karena kegiatan interkoneksi

Operator wajib ikut serta dan wajib memberikan CDR interkoneksinya

Fungsi kliring trafik diselenggarakan oleh Direktur Jenderal dan dilakukansecara nasional



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Sistem

Otomatisasi

Kliring

Interkoneksi

(SOKI)

Sistem KliringTrafik

Telekomunikasi

(SKTT)


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Dibentuk oleh para operator telekomunikasi di Indonesia yang

melakukan interkoneksi Sistem ini mulai digunakan pada tahun 2003, dan dioperasikan oleh

salah satu operator besar (incumbent)

Alasan digunakan SOKI

o Belum ada badan atau lembaga yang mengatur tentang perhitungan

trafik dan bebannya dalam interkoneksio Dapat menjamin efisiensi biaya dan kerahasiaan data

Efisiensi biaya dalam arti tidak ada biaya yang harus dikeluarkan oleh operator

apabila terdapat badan atau lembaga yang mengatur tentang kliring

interkoneksi

Kerahasiaan data, artinya data tentang trafik dan perhitungan biaya

interkoneksi operator kerahasiaannya dapat dipegang penuh oleh keduaoperator yang saling berinterkoneksi

Keuntungan

Biaya rendah apabila interkoneksi dilakukan dengan sedikit operator


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Kesulitan dalam perhitungan trafik apabila interkoneksi dilakukan

dengan banyak operatormemerlukan waktu dan biaya besar

Penyelesaian perbedaan data trafik diantara operator yang

melakukan interkoneksi akan memakan waktu dan biaya yang cukup

besar

Dioperasikan oleh salah satu operator besar (incumbent):

o Penyelesaian perbedaan data trafik seringkali menguntungkan operator

incumbent, karena memiliki posisi tawar yang kuat.

o Dapat menimbulkan pertanyaan-pertanyaan dalam aspek independensi

dan kerahasiaan data

Pengembangan sistem SOKI juga terbukti memakan waktu panjang

untuk mencermati dan mengejar perubahan-perubahan yang banyak

di sektor telekomunikasi yang dinamis.

Proses SOKI pada saat ini hanya bersifat rekonsiliasi satu arah dengan

inputsummary data yang telah diproses oleh operator


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Dibentuk oleh pemerintah melalui BRTI (Badan Regulasi

Telekomunikasi Indonesia) dengan Keputusan Menteri (KM)

Perhubungan Nomor 2 tahun 2004 tentang Pelaksanaan

Restrukturisasi Sektor Telekomunikasi

Tujuan pembentukan SKTT

o Sebagai sarana pendukung bagi BRTI untuk mengatur kegiatan

telekomunikasi di Indonesia .

o Menciptakan transparansi kegiatan interkoneksi telekomunikasi di

Indonesia.

o Mewujudkan kompetisi yang adil bagi kegiatan bisnis telekomunikasi di

Indonesia, khususnya dalam hal interkoneksi.

Semula SKTT dijadwalkan sudah dapat digunakan pada bulan januari2005, namun karena masih adanya kendala-kendala, sampai

sekarang belum dapat digunakan


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Untuk perkuatan regulator dalam menjalankan fungsinya, dibentuk Sistem

Kliring Trafik Telekomunikasi (SKTT) yang keberadaannya telah dibahas

bersama dengan penyelenggara telekomunikasi, dimaksudkan sebagai tool

utama dalam penanganan seluruh persoalan interkoneksi

Melalui SKTT, Regulator mendapat data akurat mengenai profil trafik

interkoneksi antar penyelenggara dan dapat melakukan perhitungan trafikinterkoneksi sehingga menjamin transparansi pembebanan biaya

Kewenangan dan tanggung jawab fungsional pengaturan, pengawasan dan

pengendalian SKTT sepenuhnya di bawah kendali Regulator

Dibentuk komite pengawasan operasional pelaksana SKTT yang

beranggotakan unsur-unsur Regulator dan operator

Investasi dan pengoperasian SKTT dilakukan dengan cara out-sourcingyang

dituangkan dalam kontrak kerjasama

Pemilihan pelaksana SKTT dilaksanakan melalui seleksi secara terbuka


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Menyiapkan data perhitungan trafik telekomunikasi (statement of

account) dan penyelesaian pembayaran (settlement of account) antar

penyelenggara jaringan dan atau jasa telekomunikasi berdasarkan

CDR yang diberikan oleh penyelenggara jaringan dan atau jasa

telekomunikasi

Mengirimkan data perhitungan trafik telekomunikasi (statement of

account) dan penyelesaian pembayaran (settlement of account)

kepada seluruh penyelenggara jaringan dan atau jasa telekomunikasi

Menyiapkan data kewajiban layanan universal untuk setiap

penyelenggara jaringan dan atau jasa telekomunikasi

Menyiapkan sistem keamanan yang memadai untuk menjaga

kerahasiaan data kliring trafik telekomunikasi

Menyampaikan laporan kegiatan operasional penyelenggaraan Kliring

Trafik Telekomunikasi secara periodik setiap bulan kepada Direktur

Jenderal


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Diselenggarakan NECA (National Exchange Carrier Association) yangmemperoleh mandat dari FCC, untuk small and medium providers

1. Dibentuk untuk memfasilitasi US Tel Act 1996 for Rate of Returnincentive regulation.

2. Terdapat 1200 anggota yang melakukan cost sharing calculationuntuk network access cost berdasarkan traffic carried.

3. Provider memperoleh hasil rekonsiliasi RoR yang lebih besar danmentransfer cost karena ada provider yang mendapat RoR yanglebih kecil

4. Merupakan alat regulator untuk mengontrol tarif dan formula

5. Dilakukan secara periodik

6. Tidak ada cash transaction di NECA



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Diselenggarakan oleh CEPT (Clearing Europeen des Post et desTelecommunications) at Berne ,Suisse 1963 dengan 47 anggota

1. Organisasi non profit

2. Fasilitas payment melalui :

- Centralized account

- Reduction of cash movement- Payment acceleration

- Payment rationalization

3. Metode rekonsiliasi :

no precondition settlement, such discrepancy carried and resolved to thenext settlement period.

4. Notifikasi kliring dilakukan oleh kreditor5. Tidak ada cash yang dikirim ke CEPT, CEPT hanya menerbitkan

payment order.

6. Beban bunga untuk keterlambatan pembayaran (6% untukketerlambatan 20 hari )



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Beberapa prinsip yang dapat diterapkan diIndonesia :

Agreed by operators

Settlement data only (no cash transaction)

Centre of file control and standarization

Non precondition data settlement

Centre of disputes filing

Operation cost sharing

Independent



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Interconnect Billing and Reconciliation- Column - 23 January 2006

(http://www.purebill.com/column)

http://www.carrieraccessbilling.com/interconnectmodel.asp

The Globalization of Interconnection Tutorial (http://www.iec.org)

Bhatnagar New Interconnection Option : Interconnect Exchange cum Inter-

carrier Billing Clearing House (http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Prices)

Noorhayati Candrasuci - Billing dan Settlement Interkoneksi- Tutorial

Interkoneksi, Holiday Inn, 18-19 November 2003
http://www.purebill.com/columnhttp://www.carrieraccessbilling.com/interconnectmodel.asphttp://www.iec.org/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Interconnection_Priceshttp://www.iec.org/http://www.carrieraccessbilling.com/interconnectmodel.asphttp://www.purebill.com/column

modul 10. interconnection billing settlement and clearing house

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