Notebook TabsBinder Tabs---ReferenceNotesStudy GuidesAssignmentsLab WorkRefer to handout for specific instructions

Chemistry is a Physical Sciencepp. 3-5

The study of: the composition, structure and properties of matter the processes that matter undergoes the energy changes that accompany these processes.What Is Chemistry?

Organicstudy of most carbon-containing compoundsInorganicstudy of non-organic substancesPhysicalstudy of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy6 Branches of Chemistry

Analyticalidentification of the components and composition of materialsBiochemistrystudy of substances and processes occurring in living thingsTheoreticaluse of math and computers to understand chemical behavior

6 Branches of Chemistry

Take the Post-it provided and write down a career having to do with chemistry NOT CHEMISTRY TEACHER.

Then place it under the appropriate branch of chemistry.

Dont fretbranches dont have clear cut distinctions so you will most likely get it right!!

Research done for the sake of increasing knowledge

Basic Research

Research done in order to solve a problem.Applied Research

Basic vs. Applied Research

Involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.Technological Development

SECTION REVIEWp. 5

General Chemistry 1-3Honors Chemistry 1-4

HOMEWORK

Matter and Its Propertiespp 6-14

Matter has 2 requirementsit must have volumeit must have mass

So what are volume and mass?Matter

Building Blocks of MatterAtomsmallest unit of an element that maintains the identity of the element

Elementa pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

Compounda substance that can be broken down into simple substances and is made from the atoms of two or more elements

Types of PropertiesExtensive

Amount of matter in a substance

Ex. Size, mass, length, shape and volume

Intensive

Does not depend on the amount of matter in a substance

Ex. Color, smell, density, boiling and melting pointsBoth

Can be observed changed or measured without changing the identity Used to observe and describe matter

Physical- characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of a substanceEx. melting point, boiling pt

Chemical- relates to a substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into a different substanceEasiest to see when a chemical is reactingTypes of Properties

change in a substance that doesnt change the identity of the substanceEx. grinding, cutting, melting, boilingIncludes all changes of state (physical changes of a substance from one state to another)Physical Changes in Matter

definite volumedefinite shapeatoms are packed together in fixed positionsstrong attractive forces between atomsonly vibrate in placeSolid

definite volumeindefinite shapeatoms are close together atoms can overcome attractive forces to flow

Liquid

indefinite volumeindefinite shapeatoms move very quicklyatoms are far apartpretty weak attractive forces

Gases

Changes of State

high temperature state in which atoms lose their electronsEx. the sunPlasma

A BoseEinstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of a dilute gas of bosons cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (that is, very near 0 K or 273.15 C).

Bose-Einstein CondensateHonors Only

A quarkgluon plasma or quark soup is a (possible) phase of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which exists at extremely high temperature and/or density. This phase consists of asymptotically free quarks and gluons, which are several of the basic building blocks of matter.Quark-Gluon PlasmaHonors Only

a change in which a substance is converted into a different substancesame as chemical reactiondoesnt change the amount of matter presentreactants- substances that reactproducts- substances that formChemical Changes in Matter

Evidence of a Chemical Change

when any change occurs, energy is always involvedenergy can be in different forms (light, heat, etc.) energy is never destroyed or created (law of conservation of energy)Energy Changes in Matter

Matter can be classified in two broad categories: MixturePure Substances

The deciding factor is can it be separated?

A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties.

Classifying Matter

A pure substance has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture in the following ways:

Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristics.

Every sample of a give pure substance has exactly the same composition.

Classifying Matter

Classifying MixturesAlso called solutions

Filtration- solid part is trapped by filter paper and the liquid part runs through the paperVaporization- where the liquid portion is evaporated off to leave solidSeparation Techniques

Decanting- when liquid is poured off after solid has settled to bottomCentrifuge- machine that spins a sample very quickly so that components with different densities will separateSeparation Techniques

Paper Chromatography- used to separate mixtures because different parts move quicker on paper than other

Separation Techniques

1.3 Elements

elements are pure substancesorganized by properties on periodic tableeach square shows the name and letter symbol for each elementusually the symbols relate to the English names but some come from older names (usually Latin)Ex: golds symbol is Au from aurumEx: irons symbol is Fe from ferrum Elements

Groupsalso called familiesvertical columnsnumbered 118have similar chemical propertiesPeriodshorizontal rowsproperties changes consistently across a periodPeriodic Table

Periodic Table

two rows below the periodic table are the lanthanide and actinide seriesthese rows fit after #57 and #89they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smallerPeriodic Table

Metalsan element that is a good conductor of electricityat room temperature, most are solidsmalleable- can be rolled or hammered into sheetsductile- can be made into wirehigh tensile strength- can resist breakage when pulledmost have silvery or grayish white luster

Types of Elements

Nonmetalsan element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricitymany are gases at room temperaturesome are solids: usually brittle, not malleableTypes of Elements

Metalloidsan element that has some characteristics of metals and nonmetalsappear along staricase lineB, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Teall are solids at room temperatureless malleable that metals but less brittle than nonmetalsare semiconductors

Types of Elements

Noble Gasesgenerally unreactive gasesin far right column of periodic table

Types of Elements

WORD WALL WEDNESDAY