Models of Abnormality& Treatment

Abnormal Psychology

Biomedical Model

Main point:

Mental illness etiology is physical, biological, genetic

Strengths:

1) Recognizes _____________

2) Recognizes biology

Weaknesses:

1) Minimizes environment

2) Implies __________

3) Sx relief focus

4) Drug & tx side effects

Biomedical Txs

1) Electro convulsive therapy (ECT)

-Bilateral ECT

-Unilateral ECT

2) Psychosurgery (rare cases)

3) ________________

-most popular

Psychoanalytic Model

Main points:

1) Over determined behavior

2) Developmental approach

3) _______________ stages

• Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, & Genital

4) Unconscious

5) Individual ________________

6) Psychic structure

• Id, Ego, Superego

7) Defense mechanisms

• e.g., Repression, Denial, Projection

Strengths:

1) Recognizes environment (childhood & social)

2) Recognizes individual __________

3) Focus on underlying problem, not just sxs

Weaknesses:

1) Nonverifiable concepts

2) Minimizes personal control

3) Biases against women

4) Relied on restricted population (wealthy Viennese women)

5) Complicated

6) Long tx

Psychoanalytic/dynamic Tx

1) Psychoanalysis, Ego analysis, Psychodynamic therapy

2) Insight

• Free association

• Dream interpretation

• _______________

Humanistic-Existential Model

Main Points:

1) Needs & values

2) Self actualization

3) Importance of choice

Strengths:

1) Emphasizes capacity to change

2) Posits self-regulating nature

3) Recognizes individual complexity

4) Recognizes perceptions

5) Includes personal strengths

Weaknesses:

1) Minimizes _____________

2) Minimizes differences between disorders

3) Nonverifiable

• “To find yourself”

• Client centered therapy

• Gestalt therapy

– I-language

– __________ chair

Humanistic-Existential Tx

Cognitive Behavioral Model

Main Points:

1) Cognitions

2) Learning history

Strengths:

1) Environment & individual interaction

2) Cognitions

3) Ability to change

4) Provides new coping strategies

Weaknesses: 1) Not concerned with etiology2) No focus on large envir. changes3) Focused on sx reduction4) Appropriate for problems that are:

• clear• behavioral• immediately accessible _________

Behavioral Tx

1) Classical conditioning techniques:

a) Systematic desensitization

b) In Vivo, imaginal exposure

c) ___________

d) Aversion Therapy

2) Operant conditioning techniques:

a) Contingency Management

b) Skills Training

• Assertiveness training

• Social problem solving

• Parent training

• Modeling

• Time management

Cognitive Behavioral Tx (CBT)

1) Cognitive therapy (Beck)

• Cognitive triad: ______________

2) Rational emotive therapy (Ellis)

• Irrational beliefs

Family System Model

Main Points:

1) Disturbance in family, social context

2) Family interactions are complex

Strengths:

1) Recognizes system (envir.)

2) Less indiv stigma

Weaknesses:

1) Resistant, unchanging system

2) __________________

3) Bio disorders

4) Levels beyond the family

Family/Social Systems Tx

• Couples Therapy

• Family Therapy

• Group Therapy

Group Tx

• Psychoeducational

• Experiential

• Self-help

Socio-Cultural Model

Main Point:

Emphasis on larger societal context

Strengths:

1) Recognizes effects beyond ind.

2) Emphasizes ______________

Weaknesses:

1) Ind. problems, bio problems

2) Assumes changes trickle down to ind.

Socio-Cultural Tx

1) Primary Prevention

2) Secondary Prevention

3) Tertiary Prevention

Government Action

• 1965- Surgeon general's warnings on all packages

• 1971- broadcast advertising banned• 1990- smoking banned on buses & domestic

flights • 1994- Mississippi filed 1st of 22 state lawsuits

for smokers' Medicaid bills• 1998- Cigarette industry: $251 billion to state

gov.s

Public Anti-Smoking Campaign