models for data requirements - modern...
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Role: Develop new elicitation and modeling methodologies,
build business analysis centers of excellence, train industry
BAs, work on projects as a Business Architect
Community contributions:
• Member of the IIBA BABOK v3 Core Team
• Industry PC for IEEE Requirements Engineering
• Co-chair for Requirements Engineering Education and
Training Workshop
• Previous IIBA® Austin Chapter VP of Education
• IREB team member
Co-Author:
• Visual Models for Software Requirements with
Anthony Chen
• Software Requirements, 3rd Ed. with Karl Wiegers
Joy Beatty, CBAP®, PMI-PBA
Vice President of SeiLabs
Seilevel
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Find the missing
Context for details
Organize big sets of information
Focus on a subset
Visual Models
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2000 system shall requirements are literally unusable
Requirements Document
• System shall have fields for first name, middle initial and last name.
• System shall display a name if there is one in the stored profile.
• System shall require name is completed.
• System shall have a field for position or title.
• System shall require title is completed.
• System shall display a position or title if there is one in the stored profile.
• System shall have fields for email and alternate email addresses.
• System shall display an email address if there is one in the stored in the profile.
• System shall require email and alternate email addresses are completed.
• System shall have a field for a daytime phone number.
• System shall display a phone number if there is one in the stored profile.
• System shall require phone number is completed.
• System shall validate the phone number is all digits when user exits the field.
• System shall display an error message if phone number is not all digits.
• System shall have a field for a fax number.
• System shall require fax is completed.
• System shall display a fax number if there is one in the stored profile.
• System shall validate the fax number is all digits when user exits the field.
• System shall display an error message if the fax number field is not all digits.
• System shall have two fields for a street address.
• System shall require the first street address field is completed.
• System shall display an address if there is one in the stored profile.
• System shall have a field for city.
• System shall require the city field is completed.
• System shall display a city if there is one in the stored profile.
• System shall have a field for state.
• System shall display a state if there is one in the stored profile.
• System shall require the state field is completed.
• System shall have a field for zip code.
• System shall display a zip code if there is one in the stored profile.
• System shall require the zip code field is completed.
• System shall look up zip code in the list of zip codes that span counties and display a county
selection if it does span counties.
• System shall have a submit option.
• System shall save contact information updates to the order when the submit option is selected.
• System shall validate required fields are completed when the submit is selected.
• System shall display an error message when required fields are not completed, alerting user to
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Requirements Modeling Language (RML®) categories of models
Objectives Models describe the business value of the
system
People models show who uses the system and how
Systems models detail the interaction between
systems
Data models focus on the information in the system
and how it is modified
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Example Models
Objectives Business Objective Model
Objective Chains
Feature Trees
People Org charts
Process flows
Use cases
Systems Ecosystem Maps
Display-action-response tables
Decision Tables
Data Business Data diagrams
Data flow diagrams
State tables
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These are the RML® models we are going to cover
Org chart Ecosystem Maps
Process Flow
Roles & Permissions
MatrixState Table
State DiagramDecision Tree
Use Case
Feature
Tree
Requirements
Mapping Matrix
Objective
Chain
Business Data
Diagram
Data Flow Diagram
Data Dictionary
DAR Model
Report Table
UI Flow
Business Objectives
Model
System Interface
Table
Objectives People DataSystems
Decision Table
Key Performance
Indicator Model
System Flow
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These models describe the lifecycle of data from a
business user’s perspective
State Table
State Diagram
Business Data
Diagram
Data Flow Diagram
Data Dictionary
Report Table
Data
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Business Data Diagram (BDD)
Show all business data
objects
Not a database design
Data is created, deleted,
edited, used, moved, or copied
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Business Data Diagram (BDD)
Key
1
1..n
0..1
Single Cardinality
None to Multiple Cardinality
Single or No Cardinality
Single to Multiple Cardinality
Relationship
Business Data Object
0..n
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Data Flow Diagrams (DFD)
Show full view of data lifecycle
Which processes use piece of data
Identify all the inputs and outputs to a process
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Data Dictionary
IDBusiness
Data Object
Field
NameDescription
Alternate
Names
Associated
Business Data
Object
Data FieldUnique
Values?Data Type Length Valid Values
Documents specific data fields
Can be tied to other requirements objects
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IDBusiness
Data Object
Field
NameDescription
Alternate
Names
Associated
Business Data
Object
Data FieldUnique
Values?Data Type Length Valid Values
DD001 Order Shipping
Address
The entire shipping address
for the order
Ship-to
Address
Address shipping
address
N Alphanumeric 50 May only contain letters,
digits, and periods.
May not contain a “PO” or
“P.O.” as a word.
Case insensitive.
DD002 Order Bill ing
Address
Same As
Shipping
An indicator of whether the
shipping address and the
bill ing address are the same
N/A bill ing
address
same
N Boolean N/A True/False
DD003 Order Bill ing
Address
The entire bill ing address for
the order
Address bill ing
address
N Alphanumeric 50 May only contain letters,
digits, and periods
DD004 Order Coupon
Code
Payment can be made in full
or partial with use of valid
promotional coupon or codes.
Valid
system
coupon
N/A payment
coupon
N Alphanumeric 15 Any
DD005 Order Payment
Info
Subtotal
Subtotal of price of items in
cart
Cart
subtotal
N/A payment
subtotal
N Currency 10 0.00…999,999.99
DD006 Order Payment
Info Sales
Tax
Sales tax added to the order
subtotal depending upon
customer's location
Sales Tax $ N/A payment
tax
N Currency 10 0.00…999,999.99
Example Data Dictionary
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State Table
Model any object that has states
State transitions can go in the box (or “yes” or an ID)
Table helps us identify all possible transitions
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State Diagram
State A State B State C State D State E State F State G
State A no
Transition from
A to B no
Transition from
A to D no no no
State B no no
Transition from
B to C
Transition from
B to D
Transition from
B to E no no
State C no
Transition from
C to B no
Transition from
C to D no no no
State D no no no no no no no
State E no no no no no
Transition from
E to F
Transition from
E to G
State F no no no no no no
Transition from
F to G
State G no no no no no no no
Target State
Init
ial S
tate
Diagram helps us visualize
allowed transitions
Show only valid transitions
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Example State Table
Drafted Checkout Priced Purchased Confirmed Shipped Received
Drafted noUser chooses
to check outno no no no no
CheckoutUser edits
orderno
Taxes and
discounts
calculated
no no no no
PricedUser edits
orderno no
User enters
valid shipping
and payment
informaton
no no no
Purchased no no no no
User receives
purchase
notification
no no
ConfirmedFactory cannot
fulfill orderno no no no
Factory
shippedno
Shipped no no no no no no Order arrived
Received no no no no no no no
Target State
Inn
itia
l Sta
te
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Report Table Mockup helps visualize what the report will
look like
Site Name Time Period Carts Completed cart transactions Percentage of Abandonment
HighSei Outfitters January 01, 2014 - January 07, 2014 341,567 198,456 58.10%
HighSei Outfitters January 08, 2014 - January 14, 2014 432,567 156,231 36.12%
HighSei Outfitters January 15, 2014 - January 22, 2014 356,678 151,222 42.40%
HighSei Outfitters January 23, 2014 - January 29, 2014 456,798 201,456 44.10%
HighSei Outfitters January 30, 2014 - February 05, 2014 341,264 167,987 49.22%
Reporting Period: January 01, 2014 - February 05, 2014
Cart Abandonment Report
It can be an actual report sample OR a
rough drawing of the report
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Part of an Example Report Table
Element Example
Unique ID REP001
Name Cart Abandonment
Description Determine site abandonment on each cart page of the website
Decisions Made
from Report
Determine which parts of the checkout process need to be modified or removed to provide a
seamless online shopping experience.
Objective Business Objective 4 - Reduce shopping cart abandonment to 25% of visitors to the cart.
Priority 1 of 3 (Strategic initiative to increase revenue).
Functional Area Marketing
Related Reports Site Abandonment, Checkout Abandonment
Report Owner Marketing Manager
Report Users Marketing Manager, VP of Marketing
Trigger Marketing Manager is prepping for weekly staff planning meeting
Frequency Weekly
Latency Delivered on demand (within 30 seconds of requesting). Data should be real time.
Transaction
VolumeEach week 200,000 transactions.
Data Volume On average, the report returns 50,000 transactions.
Security Viewable by all Marketing team members.
PersistenceAll settings are saved between report executions by any user (User A sees User B's settings if
User B last ran it)
Visual FormatBar chart format shows carts grouped by sales amounts or by date ranges on x-axis and
abandonment rates on y-axis
Delivery FormatDisplayed in application and emailable as an Excel file. Within the application, the user can
scroll to see the data that does not fit on the screen.
InteractivityToggle between grouping by cart sales amount ranges or by date ranges. Allow user to select
range increments for each.
Drilldowns N/A
Top-
Leve
l Ele
men
ts
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Use models together that provide different views of the
system
BDD Data
Dictionary
All business
data objects
and how they
relate
No field
details No
relationship
All field level
details about
data
versus
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Take-away: RML Quick Reference and Downloads
Templates
http://www.seilevel.com/ba-resources/rml-requirements-visual-models/
Quick reference
http://www.seilevel.com/wp-content/uploads/RML-Language-for-Modeling-Software-Requirements.pdf
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Suggested Reading
Book 1: Visual Models for Software Requirements: http://amzn.to/OxgGsC
Book 2: Software Requirements, 3rd Edition: http://amzn.com/0735679665
Our Requirements Blog: http://www.seilevel.com/blog
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Topics:
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Requirements
Process Management
Big Data
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What questions do you still have?
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search: Joy Beatty, Seilevel
@joybeatty @Seilevel
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