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Model 5750 – Linear Abraser 1 Operating Instructions ver 2.1 (p/n 132233)

LIMITED WARRANTY

See back cover.

CLAIMS FOR SHORTAGES

We use extreme care in selection, checking, and packing to eliminate the possibility of error. If a shipping error is discovered:

1. Carefully examine the packing materials and ensure nothing was inadvertently overlooked when the shipment was unpacked.

2. Notify the company you purchased the product from and immediately report the shortage.

3. Claims must be filed within 30 days from shipment.

CLAIMS FOR DAMAGES

Claims for loss or damage in transit should be made promptly and directly to the transportation company.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Because of the design requirements, there are potential hazards that an operator should be aware of.

WARNING: The reciprocating motion of the load arm and spline shaft creates an entanglement hazard. Do not place body parts or objects in the area surrounding these components during testing as this may cause injury and/or damage the equipment.

WARNING: Do not place fingers/hands or other body parts under the spline shaft or test attachment, unless the spline shaft is properly secured. Failure to adequately secure the spline shaft may cause injury and can damage the equipment if it is dropped.

Below are general precautions that one should take when operating the equipment.

Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry as they can become entangled in the moving parts.

Do not attempt to handle or adjust the sample while the instrument is being operated and the sample is being tested.

While mounting/removing test samples, the spline shaft and test attachment should be secured in the upright position.

When ready to operate the instrument, ensure clothing and body parts are safely away from any hazard the instrument may present and ensure the test sample is securely fastened.

The Linear Abraser load arm safety cover is equipped with a magnetic switch to prevent the instrument from operating unless the cover is closed. Do not attempt to bypass this feature.

ICONS

This instruction manual contains several notes and warnings that should be observed carefully by the user. The following icons denote these notes and warnings:

Indicates a NOTE that warrants careful attention. These notes may detail a step in the procedure or point out a unique feature of the instrument. Please read and follow all notes carefully.

Indicates a WARNING that warrants careful attention. These warnings inform the user of any dangers that may cause injury to the operator and/or damage to the instrument. It is imperative that you please read and follow all warnings carefully.

CONTENTS

Contents of the shipping container should include the following:

Linear Abraser – Model 5750 Spline Shaft / Weight Support Assembly

Wearaser Collet Assembly 250 gram Auxiliary Weight Disc (3 each) CS-10 Wearaser Abradants (pkg. of 10) H-18 Wearaser Abradants (pkg. of 5) Wearaser Depth Gage / Refacing Tool S-14 Refacing Strips (pkg. of 50) S-12 Hand Brush Hex L-Key Tools (3/32”; 5/64”, 9/64”) Power Cord Kit (115V and 230V) Operating Instructions


INTRODUCTION

The Taber Linear Abraser offers tremendous versatility and allows the operator to conduct numerous types of physical property tests. Utilizing optional attachments, this tester can be configured to evaluate the relative resistance or susceptibility of a material surface to damage such as wear and abrasion, scratch, gouge, scrape, rub, color transfer (commonly referred to as crocking), plus others. The Linear Abraser can be used for both wet and dry testing.

Designed to test virtually any size or shape specimen, the Linear Abraser is ideal for material properties of flat or contoured surfaces, permitting the testing of finished products.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

The Linear Abraser from Taber enables you to simulate real world conditions and test your product the way you want. Test parameters such as stroke length, speed and load are all adjustable so optimal settings for each material can be established.

Test attachments are secured to the bottom of the spline shaft and accessory weights may be placed on a weight support affixed to the top. A precision bearing on the spline shaft creates a “free-floating” test system. As the load arm moves back-and-forth in a linear manner, the “free-floating” test system follows the contours of the specimen – curved or flat.

The Wearaser collet assembly supplied with each Linear Abraser is used for abrasion testing. For the counterface material, Taber offers a selection of Wearaser abradants. The size and shape of a pencil eraser, the Wearaser uses the

high-quality Taber abrasive media found in our world-famous wheels. Using the same reliable abrasive material with the Linear Abraser as with the Taber Rotary Platform Abraser allows you to maintain your testing standards.

Optional interchangeable attachments (sold separately) provide additional testing versatility, allowing the Linear Abraser to be configured to evaluate resistance to damage from rub, scratch, mar or other physical damage.

NOTE: For additional information about optional

accessories, see pages 20 – 29 or contact an authorized Taber distributor.

PRODUCT FEATURES

Features of the Model 5750 Linear Abraser include:

1. Eleven Standardized Stroke Lengths: Ranging between 0.2 – 4.0 inches [5 to 102 mm]

2. Variable Stoke Speed: 2 – 75 cycles / minute

3. Preset Speed Selection Buttons: 2, 15, 25, 30, 40, and 60 cycles/minute

4. Variable Load: 350 to 2400 grams with auxiliary weight discs (additional weight discs sold separately)

5. Stainless Steel Wearaser Collet: For wear testing with ¼” diameter [6.35 mm] Wearaser abradants

6. Laser Alignment Guide

7. Adjustable Leveling Feet

8. CE Marked

9. 115/230V Switchable

Figure 2


INSTRUMENT SET-UP

General Installation and Set-Up

A quick assembly of the instrument is required before you can begin to test:

1. Remove contents from the shipping container and verify you have all the components (see page 1).

2. Ensure the lock mechanism is engaged in its detents on the load arm and in a horizontal position (figure 3).

3. Insert the spline shaft/weight support assembly into the load arm opening so the bearing assembly flange will be on the top of the load arm (figure 4).

4. Secure with two socket head cap screws, tighten using the 9/64” hex L-key (figure 5).

5. Install the Wearaser Collet assembly to the bottom of the spline shaft and tighten set screw with the 3/32” hex L-key (figure 6).

6. Using the lock mechanism, lock the Wearaser Collet assembly in the “rest” position (see page 4).

7. With the instrument set on a flat and level surface, adjust the leveling feet as necessary until the small bubble in the weight support circular level is centered.

8. Connect the instrument to a 115 or 230 volt, 50/60-cycle circuit. Two power cords are provided for your convenience. Discard the power cord not used.

9. Turn the instrument on. The ON/OFF power switch is located on the back of the instrument above the cord. The instrument is now ready to operate.

WARNING: Failure to connect the Linear Abraser to a

surge protector or surge suppressor may result in damage to the Linear Abraser’s electronic components.

NOTE: The bottom of the spline shaft is drilled and

tapped to accommodate optional Scratch and Mar

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 6

Figure 5


tools. When installing the spline shaft (step 3), ensure it is positioned so this drilled and tapped hole is oriented at the bottom.

NOTE: If the bubble in the Weight Holder circular level

bubble is not aligned with the center of the circle, the instrument may not be level (see step 7).

NOTE: If the Linear Abraser rocks slightly when a test

is being performed, an adjustable leveling foot may not be positioned properly. To check for this condition, gently rock the Linear Abraser by hand from side-to-side, front-to-back, and corner-to-opposite (diagonal) corner. If the instrument moves, locate the “loose” leveler and turn it clockwise to lower it to the work surface until the instrument does not rock. Check the circular level in the weight holder to ensure that the Linear Abraser is still level.

Using the Lock Mechanism

The lock mechanism is a convenient feature to facilitate Wearaser and specimen set-up, cleaning and inspection (figure 7). This feature can also be used with other accessory attachments.

To use the lock mechanism, raise the accessory attachment (e.g. Wearaser Collet assembly) until it nearly touches the bottom of the spline bearing. Lower the lock mechanism by pressing down on the front end to disengage it from its detents. Gently lower the spline shaft until the lock engages and secures the attachment in place. To “unlock”, carefully hold the attachment with one hand while raising the lock mechanism with the other. Push the lock mechanism back up into the detents to retain the lock mechanism during testing.

WARNING: Always support the test attachment

during unlocking. Never allow the attachment to fall as injury to the operator and/or damage to the specimen may occur.

PRECAUTIONS

The Linear Abraser 5750 incorporates a Class 3R Laser that will highlight the path of the test attachment on the specimen. To activate this feature, press the LASER GUIDE button. The laser guide will automatically shut off when testing commences.

Class 3R Laser Output Power = <3mW Wavelength = 650nm

WARNING: Avoid direct eye exposure with the laser

guide.

A magnetic switch is incorporated into the safety cover of the instrument. When the cover is opened, power is interrupted and the instrument will not operate. A message will appear on the screen instructing you to close the safety cover (figure 8).

If the safety cover is opened during a test, the test will stop. After closing the safety cover, press the START key to continue.

WARNING: DO NOT defeat or bypass this safety

feature or else injury to the operator and/or damage to the instrument may occur.

Figure 7

Figure 8

Test Mode: Stopped Total Cycles: 150 Completed: 22 ****CLOSE LID****


SETTING THE TEST PARAMETERS

Setting the Operating Mode

The Linear Abraser has two (2) operating modes, TEST and REFACE. To toggle between modes, press the MODE button. Whichever mode you are in is shown on the first line of the display (figure 9).

TEST Mode: Use for normal testing.

REFACE Mode: Use to reface the Wearaser without having to re-program the number of test cycles.

NOTE: The REFACE Mode is factory set to cycle five

(5) times. To change the number of refacing cycles, see “Setting the Test/Reface Cycles” on page 7.

NOTE: During testing, the instrument can be stopped

and the mode switch toggled to REFACE. This will permit the resurfacing of Wearasers. When the refacing cycles are completed, set the mode switch back to TEST to continue testing.

NOTE: Refacing cycles are not included in the test

cycle count.

Setting the Stroke Length

The Linear Abraser has eleven (11) operating stroke lengths that are adjusted manually. For ease of set-up, the reference label under the safety cover indicates the stroke length and the corresponding hole in the crank arm (figure 10).

The following instructions describe how to set the stroke length on the Linear Abraser.

1. Using the lock mechanism, lock the collet assembly or accessory attachment in the “rest” position.

2. Open the safety cover.

3. Unscrew the crank pin from its current stroke length setting by turning it counter-clockwise. DO NOT detach the crank pin from the connecting rod.

4. Lift the connecting rod and crank pin out of the hole and position the crank pin into the desired hole. Tighten by turning it clockwise (figure 11).

5. Close the cover.

WARNING: To prevent damage, ensure the test

attachment is secured with the locking mechanism when changing stroke length.

WARNING: Ensure the connecting rod is securely

fastened to the crank arm while transporting. Damage to the linear bearing can result if connecting rod is loose or disconnected.

Setting the Speed

The Linear Abraser offers preset speed selection buttons or the user can manually program the speed between 2 – 75 cycles per minute. The Linear Abraser will store the speed that was last selected in memory and use this as a default until it is changed. Speed is shown on the display screen.

The following instructions can be used for either the TEST or REFACE Modes. In both cases, the Linear Abraser must not be in operation in order to reprogram the speed (status displayed is Stopped). Figure 10

Figure 9

Reface Mode: Running Total Cycles: 5 Completed: 0 Speed Cycles/Min: 30

Figure 11


PRESET SPEED: Six (6) preset speed selection buttons are on the front of the Linear Abraser membrane keypad and include 2, 15, 25, 30, 40 or 60 cycles per minute. Press the corresponding key to select that speed.

USER SELECTED SPEED: To select a speed other than the preset speeds, see below instructions.

1. Press the MENU button to display Menu Options.

2. From the menu options, press 1 to select Speed.

3. Using the numeric keypad, enter the new speed from 2 to 75 cycles per minute.

4. Press the ENTER button to save the value. The display screen will flash “Test speed set to ‘X’ Cycles/Minute” to confirm your selection, and then return to the main screen.

5. Press START to begin testing.

NOTE: If an incorrect speed is entered, press the

CLEAR button.

The speed of the Linear Abraser is reported as Cycles / Minute, where one cycle is defined as a full revolution of the crank arm (one forward and one backward stroke of the test system). If desired, the Linear Abraser can be set up to count each forward and backward stroke. To do this, insert a second magnet sensor in the counter-bore hole found under the crank arm (Taber part number 134824).

In most instances, it is sufficient to report the speed in cycles/minute or rpm. However, in instances where the linear speed may be necessary, the following formulas may be used to derive these values.

SpeedLinearMaxSpeedAvg 707.0

Since the speed varies with a sinusoidal profile, the maximum linear speed will occur when the test attachment is in the center of the wear path.

The chart below indicates the maximum linear velocity of the test system at 30 cycles per minute. Using the formulas above, similar charts may be established for other test speeds.

Speed (Cycles/Minute): 30

Maximum Velocity Stroke Length (inch / mm) inch / sec mm / sec

0.2” / 5.08mm 0.31 7.87

0.5” / 12.7mm 0.79 20.07

0.61 / 15.49mm 0.96 24.38

0.75” / 19.05mm 1.18 29.97

1” / 25.4mm 1.57 39.88

1.5” / 38.1mm 2.35 59.69

2” / 50.8mm 3.14 79.76

2.5” / 63.5mm 3.93 99.82

3” / 76.2mm 4.71 119.63

3.5” / 88.9mm 5.50 139.70

4” / 101.6mm 6.28 159.51

1047.02sec)/(

rpminches

SpeedLengthStroke

SpeedLinearMax

1-Speed 3-Adjust 2-Display 4-Calib >Select Menu Option

Alternating Display Screens

Change Speed Cycles/Minute: 30 >Enter new speed >CLEAR key to return

Test speed set to 45 Cycles/Minute

Change Speed Cycles/Minute: 45 >Enter new speed >ENTER key to save

Change Speed Cycles/Minute: 45 >Enter new speed >CLEAR key to return


Setting the Counter Display

The Linear Abraser can be programmed to show “Completed Cycles” (count upward from 0) or “Remaining Cycles” (count downward from total cycles). To change the display:

1. Press the MENU button to display Menu Options.

2. From the menu options, press 2 to select Display.

3. Press 1 to display select “Completed Cycles” or 2 to select “Remaining Cycles”.

Speed Adjustment

When testing with heavy loads and conditions of high friction, the actual speed may be slightly slower than the selected speed value. This is most often observed for tests operated below 10 cycles per minute.

Menu option 3 allows the operator to make minor changes to the speed. Each press of the ENTER button will increase the speed by approximately 0.1 cycle per minute. Each press of the CLEAR button will decrease the speed by approximately 0.1 cycle per minute.

WARNING: The requirement to adjust individual

speed settings is not typical. This feature should not be utilized unless you have verified there is a difference between the actual and stated speeds.

NOTE: Individual speed adjustments are temporary

and will be lost after a power cycle or change of speed. This does NOT affect other speed calibrations.

Setting the Test / Reface Cycles

The number of test or reface cycles shown on the display screen are reported as Total Cycles. To change the test cycles (test mode) or reface cycles (reface mode):

1. Using the numeric keypad, enter the desired number of test cycles up to 999,999.

2. When finished entering the number of cycles, press the ENTER button to save the new setting.

NOTE: Entering a new value DOES NOT

automatically zero the completed cycle count. This enables you to reprogram the total test cycles to continue testing beyond the original number of cycles.

NOTE: The internal memory will default to the value

that was last entered.

NOTE: Factory default for refacing is five (5) cycles.

Base Loads / Supplemental Weights

The base load of the abrasion test system is comprised of the weight support, spline shaft, and test attachment (e.g. Wearaser Collet). Without any supplemental weights the base load of the standard test system is 350 ±1 gram:

Spline Shaft, Steel (10mm diam. x 300mm) 180g

Weight Support, for 350g base load 72g

Wearaser Collet Kit, Stainless Steel 98g

The Linear Abraser is supplied with three 250 gram weight discs, which can be used to increase the base load to 1100 grams (figure 12). Optional weights may be added to increase the abrasion test system load to a maximum of 2400 grams. Weight discs are available ranging from 10 gram to 250 gram (figure 13).

NOTE: If no accessory weights are being used, it is

possible to remove the weight support to further lighten the test system load.


Adjust Speed/Cycle Speed Cycles/Min: 45 + - ENTER CLEAR


Count Mode = 1 1- Completed Cycles 2- Remaining Cycles >Press 1 or 2

Counting Mode set to display

Remaining cycles

Count Mode = 1 1- Completed Cycles 2- Remaining Cycles >Clear key to return

Alternating Display Screens


WEARASER® SET-UP / REFACING

Wearaser Set-Up

The following procedure is recommended to install the Wearaser into the Wearaser Collet assembly:

1. Using the lock mechanism, secure the Wearaser Collet in the “rest” position.

2. With the Wearaser Collet mounted to the spline shaft, loosen (but DO NOT remove) the collet nut by turning it counterclockwise.

3. Insert the Wearaser so that it extends approximately 0.10” from the bottom of the collet. The Wearaser Depth Gage is used to check this measurement (figure 14).

4. To secure the Wearaser, tighten the collet nut by turning it clockwise.

WARNING: Do not over-tighten the nut or the

Wearaser may be permanently deformed or crushed.

Wearaser Refacing – Resilient Type

The following procedure is recommended for refacing (resurfacing) resilient type Wearasers such as CS-8, CS-10F, CS-10 or CS-17. For reproducible test results, it is recommended that you reface the Wearaser prior to each use.

1. Using the lock mechanism, secure the Wearaser Collet in the “rest” position.

2. Set the stroke length to 3.0”.

3. Remove all weights from the weight support, so the base load is 350g.

4. Ensure that the Wearaser to be refaced is secured and is set to the proper 0.100” distance using the Wearaser Depth Gage.

Figure 14

Figure 13

Figure 12


5. Remove the liner from the back of an S-14 refacing strip and mount the strip directly below the Wearaser, within the refacing path (figure 15). The Laser Guide can help facilitate this.

NOTE: To break-in the Wearaser, you may adhere the

S-14 refacing strip directly to a specimen and reface to the actual contour of the part. Prior to testing, remove the refacing strip and ensure that no adhesive is left on the specimen surface.

6. Press the MODE button for refacing.

7. Select the speed by pressing the appropriate preset speed selection button. The recommended speed for refacing is 25 cycles per minute.

8. If necessary, press the CLEAR button to reset the completed cycles to 0.

9. Release the lock mechanism and gently lower the Wearaser onto the S-14 refacing strip.

10. Start the refacing process by pressing the START button. The Laser Guide will turn off and the refacing will automatically stop when the cycle count reaches the programmed number of reface cycles (e.g. 5 cycles).

11. When the reface cycles are completed, raise the Wearaser Collet assembly and secure in the “rest” position using the lock mechanism.

12. Gently brush off the Wearaser with the S-12 hand brush. Remove and discard the S-14 refacing strip.

WARNING: Failure to reface the abradant prior to

testing may result in debris transfer from a previous test specimen. This may impact your test results.

NOTE: To ensure Wearasers are refaced consistently,

use a new S-14 refacing strip for each refacing.

Wearaser Refacing – Vitrified Type

The following procedure is recommended for refacing vitrified type Wearasers such as H-10, H-18 or H-22. For reproducible test results, it is recommended that you reface the Wearaser prior to each use.

1. Using the lock mechanism, secure the Wearaser Collet assembly in the “rest” position.

2. Set the stroke length to 1.0”.

3. Remove all weights from the weight support, so that the base load is 350g.

4. Ensure that the Wearaser to be refaced is secure and is set to the proper 0.10” distance using the Wearaser depth gage.

5. Position the Depth Gage / Refacing Tool so that it is level to the work area and held firmly in place. Ensure the abrasive diamond coating is below the Wearaser directly within the refacing path.

6. Press the MODE button for refacing.

7. Select the speed by pressing the appropriate preset speed selection button. The recommended speed for refacing is 25 cycles per minute.

8. If necessary, press the CLEAR button to reset the completed cycles to 0.

9. Reset the number of refacing cycles to ten (10) and press the ENTER button.

10. Release the lock mechanism, and gently lower the Wearaser onto the Depth Gage / Refacing Tool.

11. Start the refacing process by pressing the START button. The refacing will automatically stop when the cycle count reaches the programmed number of reface cycles.

12. When the reface cycles are completed, raise the Wearaser Collet assembly and secure in the “rest” position using the lock mechanism.

13. Remove the Wearaser from the Wearaser Collet and place the refaced end in the Wearaser Depth Gage / Refacing Tool counter-bored, coated hollow (figure 16). Using a moderate twisting action, chamfer the edges of the Wearaser - this is normally accomplished with approximately three (3) ‘half’ turns.

14. Gently brush off the Wearaser with the S-12 hand brush and reinsert into the Wearaser Collet. Use the Wearaser Depth Gage to ensure proper set-up.

Figure 15


NOTE: the Wearaser Depth Gage / Refacing Tool

should be replaced when the abrasive diamond coating wears out or after approximately 250 refacings.

SPECIMEN PREPARATION

The Linear Abraser is designed to test a wide range of product shapes and sizes. The benefit of this is that you can test products “off the shelf” without having to carefully prepare a special test coupon.

To produce data that is both meaningful and consistent, use of these guidelines will assist you in developing a test procedure that will yield reproducible test results accurate within the variations of the material itself.

Specimen Conditioning

Heat and moisture are known to affect the physical properties of many materials. Prior to testing, it is recommended that specimens be conditioned for at least 24 hours in the test atmosphere. Organic materials should be conditioned for 48 hours. The drying and curing conditions for printing or coating on plastics versus metals can be different and may influence the test results. Cure these specimens under conditions specific to the material. It is recommended that all tests be conducted in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 ±2°C (73.4 ±3.6°F) with 50 ±5% relative humidity.

Specimen Cleaning

Specimens should be cleaned in such a way that the surface is free from grease, fingerprints or other contaminants. Since many different kinds of materials can be tested, a specific cleaning treatment cannot be given. If contact with solvents or cleansers result in changes to the material properties, surfaces might be cleaned with isopropyl alcohol or a soft cloth.

Specimen Mounting Systems

A critical aspect for using the Linear Abraser is determining how to hold the specimen in place during testing. It is up to the end-user to decide on a suitable clamp or fixture device that will sufficiently hold the product to be tested.

Whichever mounting system is used, it is extremely important that the product be held rigidly. If the product is allowed to move, shift or rock during testing, an inconsistent wear path may develop which will compromise your test results.

Figure 17

Figure 18

Figure 16


The mounting options Taber Industries offers include the T-Slot Universal Table (figure 17) and Universal Specimen Table (figure 18). The three vise heads included with the Universal Specimen Table are shown in figure 19. For other products, more elaborate fixturing may be necessary to secure the product.

Used in conjunction with the T-Slot Universal Table, Taber also offers fixtures specific for the type of material you are testing. The Specimen Fixing Plate is ideal for flexible specimens (figure 20). This fixture has an 11mm x 140mm opening and includes an 8mm diameter rod which may be placed under the test specimen enabling you to test a smaller contact area. The Wide Slot Specimen Holder Kit is intended for flat, rigid specimens and offers a 32mm x 140mm opening.

Other fixtures are also available including the GM Textile Pre-Tensioning Fixture. Described in GMW 14125, this fixture can be used with textiles and automotive seating materials to induce a pre-tension on the specimen (figure 21). Also offered is the Wire Support Fixture which is an anvil type mounting system intended for small diameter wires or cylindrical objects.

WARNING: Caution is necessary to ensure that the

mounting method does not deflect the specimen, which may influence the test results.

Specimen Positioning

It is recommended that specimens be tested as close to the spline bearing as possible. This reduces the moment arm of the spline shaft, which in turn will minimize the spline shaft’s tendency to deflect as the test attachment is being pushed/dragged across the specimen. Prior to starting a test, ensure the testing attachment comes as close to the spline bearing as possible without actually touching it.

The unique test system of the Linear Abraser is designed to track over non-flat surfaces. However, care must be taken to ensure that the body of the test attachment does not make contact with the specimen, especially with curved specimens. If the curvature of the specimen is greater than 30°, it is recommended to test another area of the specimen or reduce the stroke length.

WARNING: For reproducible test results, it is

essential that the specimen be positioned the same way for each test. This may require custom fixtures designed specifically for your product.

Figure 19

Figure 20

Figure 21


TESTING PROCEDURE

** This section includes general guidelines on how to conduct your testing to yield meaningful results. It is up to the user to develop and document the test procedure that best applies to the material and yields the best test results.

Accelerated testing is performed to avoid the months or years required for actual use. It is often the case that materials degrade faster with the more demanding conditions of accelerated testing, so whenever possible test results should be correlated with field observations.

Selecting Abradant

The choice of which abradant and load combination to use is highly dependent on the material that is being evaluated. A minimum number of cycles should be established before the end point occurs (i.e. 30). Otherwise the abradant and load may be too aggressive. Trial and error is suggested to determine the best abradant/load combination.

Taber Industries offers a variety of standardized abradants for the Linear Abraser made from the same high quality materials used in Genuine Taber abrading wheels.

Model Description

CS-5 Dense Felt (requires optional Jumbo Wearaser Collet)

CS-2 Resilient, no abrasive

CS-8 Resilient, extra mild

CS-10F Resilient, very mild

CS-10 Resilient, mild

CS-17 Resilient, harsh

CS-19 Resilient, aggressive

H-38 Vitrified, very fine

H-10 Vitrified, fine

H-18 Vitrified, medium

H-22 Vitrified, coarse

Abradant materials offered by Taber Industries are available in different configurations. The standard Wearaser collet accepts a ¼” (6.35mm) diameter abradant, which coincides with the size and shape of a pencil eraser (figure 22). The abradants are also available as a ½” diameter Jumbo Wearaser or ¾” diameter Weardisc™ (figure 23), however both configurations require optional test attachments. Custom abradants and formulations can also be engineered based on your requirements.

WARNING: Because of the slow hardening of the

bonding material, resilient Wearasers should not be used after the date marked on the package.

NOTE: A new or refreshed abradant should be used

for each test. Depending on the material being evaluated, it is possible for the Wearaser to load (become clogged) during the test. Should this occur, the Wearaser should be refaced periodically during testing.

Figure 23

Figure 22


Abrasion Test Procedure

To use the Linear Abraser for abrasion testing:

1. Press the MODE button for testing.

2. Reset the cycle count by pressing the CLEAR button.

3. Enter the desired number of test cycles using the numeric keypad, then press the ENTER button.

4. Set the speed to the desired cycles/minute.

5. Press the LASER GUIDE button to determine the location of the abrasion path. Secure the specimen so the area to be tested is aligned with the laser guide.

6. Open the safety cover and set the stroke length to the desired distance. When finished, close cover. The path of the wearaser should not exceed the size of the specimen.

7. Add the desired amount of weights, if any, to the weight support.

8. Ensure that the appropriate Wearaser is properly set up in the collet and has been refaced.

9. While holding the spline shaft, release the lock mechanism and gently lower the Wearaser onto the specimen surface.

10. Start the abrasion process by pressing the START button.

11. Periodically, remove any loose abrasive particles or worn material from the test specimen surface by light brushing with the S-12 hand brush.

12. When the test is complete, use the lock mechanism to lock the collet assembly in the “rest” position.

13. Remove and evaluate the specimen (see Abrasion Test Evaluation).

WARNING: For high cycle tests, monitor the wear

rate of the Wearaser such that the collet does not contact the surface of the specimen.

NOTE: The test will automatically stop when the

cycle count reaches the preset number of cycles. For those tests where a visual end-point is required, it is advisable to stop the test periodically to inspect the specimen.

NOTE: The laser guide will automatically shut off

when the START button is pushed. Pressing the Laser Guide button will also shut off this feature.

Abrasion Test Evaluation

The two (2) most common methods for evaluating abrasion test results are visual inspection and specimen weight loss.

VISUAL METHOD: The visual method is a subjective test that requires examination of the test specimen and test results are typically a written description of the wear. The description should be as thorough as possible to ensure that you capture all of the details necessary to determine the wear mechanism. For example, if your test specimen happens to be a coating or a specimen with printing on it, you may want to check for breakthrough. Breakthrough may be defined as when the surface coating has worn down enough so that the substrate material is visible or when a portion of a printed area has fully worn away. Breakthrough testing can be quantified by recording the number of cycles it took for breakthrough to occur.

Another option is to compare the abraded specimens with a measured abraded standard. A photographic ‘ranking’ standard can be developed to assist with this type of evaluation.

WEIGHT LOSS: The weight loss test method is a quantifiable method in which you record the weight loss of your test specimen due to abrasion. To perform this method requires access to a precision balance, preferably one that can measure down to the milligram range since some tests may yield very low weight loss. Weigh your test specimen before and after testing to obtain your initial and final weight values. The difference between these two values will be your weight loss.

WtLoss = A – B

Where,

A = weight of test specimen before abrasion, mg

B = weight of test specimen after abrasion, mg

When performing this method, loose particulate may adhere to the specimen during testing and handling. It is critical that you clean off the test specimen with the S-12 hand brush or lint-free cloth prior to weighing.

NOTE: For additional information on Scratch Testing,

see page 25.


INFLUENCES ON RESULTS

For comparable and reproducible tests, it is recommended that all testing be performed under conditions covered by an established test procedure.

The following factors could potentially impact your test results:

Test methodology

Test conditions (i.e. temperature and humidity)

Speed

Applied load

Surface roughness and / or grain direction

Type and thickness of surface treatment

Method of assessment

When performing scratch or mar testing with the Linear Abraser, recognize that the properties of plastic materials can greatly influence the evaluation of scratch and mar resistance. It is important to be aware of the following factors and take them into consideration:

Many plastics have elastic recovery upon removal of applied stress.

Many plastics have visco-elastic properties and the stresses in the plastics may relax during loading.

Plastics may change structure during material flow, which can also change the mechanical properties of plastics.

The existence of ‘chatter’ in a scratch path may indicate a non-uniform composition or the presence of surface irregularities. An irregular surface may also cause a scratch tool to ‘bounce’ on the specimen surface, resulting in additional impact force at landing points and additional damage to the surface.

DATA SHEET

The following section provides a brief guideline on developing a data sheet and information that could be included.

Tested By: Print the name of the test technician.

Signature: For authenticity, have the test technician sign here.

Date: Indicate the date the test was performed.

Product: Indicate or describe the product or material being tested.

Notes: Add any special test procedures or other general notes.

Sample No.: For traceability, it is recommended that all test specimens be issued a sample number and that sample number be recorded here.

Test No.: It is recommended that all tests on a particular specimen be issued a sequential test number and that test number be recorded here.

Type of Test: The type of test being conducted.

Test Medium: Indicate the test accessory being used:

Abrasion – Wearaser type and configuration

Universal – Primary test specimen

Crocking – Crock finger diameter, crocking cloth or other

Scratching – Scratch Tool Tip (geometry)

Load: Indicate the total test load used (grams). If you are using pressure (PSI), indicate that value here instead.

Speed: Indicate the speed used in cycles / minute.

Stroke Length: Indicate the stroke length used.

No. of Cycles: Indicate the number of cycles per each test.

Specimen Weight: When applicable, indicate the specimen prior to and after completing the test.

Weight Loss: Indicate the resultant weight loss here in grams.

End Point: Based on appropriate test evaluation criteria, indicate the results here.

Data Sheet#: Indicate the sequential data sheet number here, for your records.


MAINTENANCE

The Linear Abraser is a precision instrument and if used and maintained properly should give you many years of trouble-free service. This section will provide a general guideline in caring for your instrument.

Taber recommends annual factory calibration at which time the unit will be thoroughly checked.

General Care

As with any precision test instrument, basic common sense care will ensure a long life from your Linear Abraser.

DO NOT allow any foreign particulate to get into any of the bearing assemblies.

DO NOT spill any liquids onto or into the Linear Abraser or onto any of the bearing assemblies. Wipe off all spills immediately.

DO NOT allow the drive components or test system to impact or catch on any foreign objects.

DO NOT operate the Linear Abraser at freezing, sub-zero or elevated temperatures. The Linear Abraser was designed to operate in a temperature range at or around room temperature and in normal room humidity only.

Fuse Replacement

To remove the fuse holder, slide it out of the switch selector. Remove the blown fuse(s) and replace with new [T5A, 5 x 20mm; Taber part# 128561]. Reinsert the fuse holder (figure 24).

WARNING: Before replacing fuses, ensure the power

switch is turned to the OFF position.

NOTE: To remove the fuse holder, slide it out of the

switch selector. A small screwdriver may be used to assist in the removal.

Lubrication

The bearing assemblies are factory lubricated and do not require regular lubrication. Should lubrication be required, use light grease such as No. 2 white lithium grease. Do not over-apply the grease or else stick-slip conditions may occur.

Spline Shaft Bearing

To ensure that no wear debris or abrasive particulate collects on the spline shaft, use a soft clean cloth to wipe the spline shaft regularly.

The spline shaft should move freely with no rough motion, binding, or sticking. To check this, move the spline shaft up and down through its full range of motion. If the spline shaft motion is not smooth, clean the spline shaft with a mild cleaning solvent then wipe with a soft cloth. Light grease such as No. 2 white lithium grease may be applied to the spline shaft and worked into the bearings to lubricate.

WARNING: Do not disassemble the spline shaft from

the bearing nut. The bearings are not retained and may fall out of the bearing nut if the spline shaft is separated.

Wearaser Collet Insert Replacement

Periodically check the Wearaser Collet for any damage and/or excessive wear. In the event that the plastic collet insert should become worn or damaged, a replacement is available from authorized Taber distributors [Taber part# 130553]. The following procedure is recommended to replace this part.

1. Remove the collet assembly from the spline shaft.

2. Loosen and remove the collet nut.

3. Remove and discard the plastic collet insert (figure 25).

4. Install the new plastic collet insert into the collet assembly body.

5. Install, and tighten the collet nut.

6. Re-install the collet on the spline shaft.

Figure 24


Connecting Rod / Rod-End Bearings

To check the tightness of the rod-end bearings, hold the crank arm securely with one hand and gently moving the load arm back and forth with the other. If excessive play is noticeable in the rod-end bearings, they may have to be tightened or replaced.

The following procedure describes how to replace the rod-end bearings. This procedure requires a replacement rod-end bearing kit [Taber part# 130856].

1. Remove the connecting rod assembly by loosening the crank pin from the crank arm and the rod connecting screw on the load arm.

2. Remove the crank pin and screw from the rod-end bearings by loosening the hex nuts. Set aside the crank pin for later use.

3. Disassemble the rod end bearings from the connecting rod [Taber part# 130538] by loosening the hex nuts.

4. Install new hex nuts and new rod-end bearings onto the connecting rod.

5. Align the rod-end bearings until the flat portion lines up with each other. While maintaining the rod-end bearings’ orientation, tighten the hex nuts against the rod-end bearings to retain them.

6. Install the crank pin into a rod-end bearing and secure with hex nut. Ensure the hex nut is tight.

7. Install the screw into the other rod-end

bearing and secure with hex nut. Ensure that the hex nut is tight.

8. Thread the screw into the load arm and torque it to approximately 45 inch-lbs.

9. The crank pin can now be set into the desired hole to set the stroke length. See “Setting the Stroke Length” (page 5) for additional details.

Under normal operation, the rod-end bearings do not require regular lubrication.

WARNING: If the rod-end bearings are not properly

spaced on the connecting rod, the linear bearing may impact its mechanical stops during normal operation. Prior to running the Linear Abraser, check to make sure that the rod-end bearings are set correctly. The following steps will show you how to perform this check: a. Set the stroke length to 4.0 inches.

b. Set the speed to 2 cycles/minute.

c. Cycle the instrument for at least 1 full cycle and check to ensure that the linear bearing does not hit its mechanical stops at either end.

d. If the linear bearing hits either of its mechanical stops, re-adjust the rod-end bearings to correct this problem. If the problem persists, contact Taber Industries. DO NOT continue to run the Linear Abraser in this condition as damage to the instrument may occur.

Carriage Rail Assembly

The carriage rail assembly is a robust component that should not require servicing or replacing unless the bearings become contaminated with debris. To check the condition, disconnect the connecting rod assembly from the load arm (figure 26) and gently move the load arm back and forth through its full range of motion. Mechanical stops on either end will prevent the bearings from traveling too far. The load arm should move free with no rough motion, binding or stick-slip.

Figure 25

Figure 26


Grasp the tip of the load arm near the spline nut and gently try to move the load arm up and down. There should be no excessive play in the bearings.

WARNING: Do not separate the carriage blocks

from the carriage rail assembly. The ball bearings inside the carriage blocks are not retained and will fall out if the carriage block is separated from the rail.

WARNING: Checking the carriage rail assembly

requires access to the internal components underneath the cover. It is strongly recommended that the power switch on the back of the instrument be set to OFF (0).

The following procedure describes how to replace the carriage rail assembly. This procedure requires a replacement carriage rail kit [Taber part# 132479].

1. Loosen the crank pin from the crank arm so that the load arm is free.

2. Loosen the screw and remove the connecting rod assembly from the load arm. Retain the connecting rod assembly for reassembly.

3. Loosen and remove the eight (8) load arm screws that connect the load arm to the carriage block bearings. Set the load arm aside for reassembly.

4. Loosen and remove the eight (8) carriage rail screws. You may have to move the carriage blocks to access some screws.

5. Remove and discard the carriage rail assembly.

6. Install the new carriage rail bearing assembly, making sure that the new rail is in the same spot as the old rail. Do Not allow the carriage blocks to separate from the rail during handling and installation.

7. Install eight (8) screws into the rail and torque the screws to approximately 8 inch-lbs.

8. Position the carriage blocks so that all of the mounting holes line up with the holes on the load arm, then install eight (8) screws into the load arm. Torque the screws to approximately 8 inch-lbs.

9. Install the connecting rod assembly and torque the new screw into the load arm to approximately 45 inch-lb.

10. The crank pin can now be set into the desired hole to set the stroke length. See “Setting the Stroke Length” (page 5) for additional details.

NOTE: The replacement kit may contain two (2) sets

of metric socket head cap screws (8 screws per set). To secure the rail to the Linear Abraser, use the longer (16mm) of the M2.5mm screws.

Laser Guide Alignment

To assist with test set up, a laser guide is incorporated in the instrument. To turn this feature on, press the LASER GUIDE button. This feature has an automatic shut off when a test is commenced. To override, press the Laser Guide button again.

The Laser Guide is aligned at the factory and should not require additional adjustment. If the instrument is mishandled, it is possible for the alignment guide bracket to be moved out of position. If the alignment is off to the left or right, a set screw adjustment can be found adjacent to the laser guide (figure 27). With the Laser Guide turned on, use a 5/64” hex L-key to make small incremental adjustments until the laser is aligned with the center of the Spline Shaft.

Clockwise = LEFT

Counterclockwise = RIGHT

In the event the laser is not perpendicular, internal components must be accessed and the instrument should be returned to Taber Industries.

Motor Calibration

Speed is checked and adjusted every time the proximity switch is triggered. The CPU compares the amount of time that the last revolution took to the expected amount of time, based on the cycles per minute setting. The voltage sent to the motor controller is then adjusted to accommodate any deviation in the expected versus actual revolution time. This should be factory calibrated on an annual basis.

Menu option 4 is intended for diagnostic purposes only and used during the calibration process. This feature confirms that the motor driver responds to the software commands, and

Figure 27


TROUBLESHOOTING

Should any problems ever arise with the Linear Abraser, please consult this trouble shooting section first to see if the recommended corrective action can solve the problem.

PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE CORRECTIVE ACTION Instrument does not power up No power

Power cord is damage

Fuse not installed correctly or blown

Power switch is set to off (0)

Ensure outlet has power

Replace power cord

Check / replace fuses

Set power switch to on (I)

Instrument will not start Pre-set cycle count is reached

Internal drive components / test system is stalled

Cover is open

Motor / control board malfunction

Reset the counter

Remove object that is causing stall

Close cover

Contact Taber Industries

Actual speed is different than value shown on display

Menu option 3 was utilized to adjust speed

Motor speed in need of calibration

Turn power off, then on again


Instrument does not stop when Pre-set cycle count is reached

Relay malfunction

Counter malfunction



Instrument runs when cover is open Cover safety switch malfunction Contact Taber Industries

Counter Skips / Misses Counts Proximity sensor malfunction Contact Taber Industries

Erratic Motion Loose components

Motor / Control Board malfunction

Tighten loose components


Motor jumps slightly when instrument is powered on and off

Instrument is not fully powered down

Wait approximately 5 seconds or more before powering up the instrument

Spline shaft binds or stick-slips Spline-shaft / bearing assembly is dirty

Spline shaft bearing too tight

Clean spline shaft / nut bearing assembly, then lubricate

Readjust bearing

Ball bearings fell out of spline shaft or linear bearings

Spline shaft or linear bearing were disassembled

Replace component

Display screen shows unrecognizable characters

Software has been corrupted

Faulty display cable



Should you require further assistance, please contact Taber Industries Customer Service Department. Before returning the Linear Abraser to Taber Industries for service / repair, you MUST contact us to obtain a Return Authorization Number.


OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES

The following pages list optional test attachments and accessories for the Linear Abraser that are sold separately. If you are interested in an attachment that is not listed, please contact Taber Industries.

Wear & Abrasion Accessories

Jumbo Wearaser Collet Universal Attachment Crock Meter Kit Rectangular Crock Block Special Crock Attachment 10mm & 20mm Square Finger Attachment Padded Square Abrasion Kit Steel Wool Holder Scotch-Brite™ Abrasive Pad Kit Brass Brush Holder Attachment Test Wedge Kit Precision Knuckle Attachment Wire/Cable Scrape Flexible Material Abrasion Kit

Scratch & Mar Accessories

45° or 90° Multi-Mar Scratch Attachment Conical Scratch Tip, 0.1mm Conical Scratch Tip, 0.25mm Conical Scratch Tip, 0.4mm Conical Scratch Tip, 0.5mm Conical Scratch Tip, 1.0mm Hemisphere Scratch Tip, 0.5mm Hemisphere Scratch Tip, 1.0mm Hemisphere Mar Tip, 7.0mm Hemisphere Mar Tip, 15.0mm Scratch Kit Diamond Tool Holder 5mm or 10mm Scraper Coin Holder Attachment, 45°, 60° or 75° Pencil Hardness Scratch Kit

Wire / Cable Scrape Accessories

Wire / Cable Scrape Kit Wire Scrape Attachment, 1mm abrading rod Wire Scrape Attachment, .025” abrading rod

Auxiliary Weight Discs

10 gram 20 gram 50 gram 75 gram 100 gram 150 gram 250 gram 1000 gram

Taber Industries reserves the right to make changes or discontinue products at any time, without prior notice.

NOTE: The base load described on page 7 includes

the 98g Wearaser Collet (stainless steel). Use of other attachments may impact this base load.


WEAR & ABRASION ACCESSORIES

All abrasion tests are subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during the test. As a result, the abradant should be monitored and/or changed at frequent intervals. For attachments that utilize disposable abradants, the abradant should be used only once or changed after limited use.

Wearaser Collet

The Wearaser® Collet Kit supplied with the Taber Linear Abraser is stainless steel {98g} but is also available in aluminum {28g} (figure 28) or plastic {16g} if a lighter testing load is required. All versions of this attachment accept the standard ¼" diameter Wearaser abradants.

NOTE: For the Wearaser collet assembly and other

attachments, the mounting set screw is nylon-tipped to prevent damage to the spline shaft when the attachment is installed.

NOTE: For results that you can trust, always use

Genuine Taber Products. All Genuine Taber Abrading Wheels and Wearasers include a security label on the packaging to identify them as Genuine Taber.

Jumbo Wearaser Collet

When testing flat specimens or samples that have little to no change in its shape / contour, a larger abradant contact area may be better suited. For this type of application, the Jumbo Wearaser Collet Kit {43g} is recommended with Taber's ½" diameter Jumbo Wearaser (figure 29)

Universal Attachment

The Universal Attachment provides a flat contact area which allows the operator to affix their own counter-face material when testing flat-on-flat surfaces. Utilizing Taber's Weardisc adhesive or a double-sided adhesive tape, materials such as textiles or sandpaper can be affixed to this attachment and rubbed across the surface of the test specimen. This attachment also allows you to conduct "real-world" testing by replicating specific problems or issues that might be unique to your application (e.g. utilizing cardboard to simulate rub damage caused by shipping cartons during transport). This attachment is also useful to test the ability of the product to withstand repeated rubbing by a blunt or flat object. Two versions of this attachment are offered including the 1.0 inch diameter made out of stainless steel {98g} (figure 30), and the 2.0 inch diameter made out of aluminum {98g} (figure 31).

NOTE: The weight of the ‘rubbing material’, will add

to the weight of the test system and should be noted if deemed to be significant.

Figure 28

Figure 29

Figure 30


If you are testing a flat-on-flat and the contact area of your counter-face material is not always consistent, you may wish to express the testing load as a pressure (pounds per square inch). You can determine if the wear resistance of a particular test specimen is affected by changing the surface area, and therefore the pressure, at the contact area (with the load remaining the same in both cases). To derive the pressure at the contact area:

1) Calculate the area (in square inches) of the counter-face material. For simple rectangular and circular shapes, the area formulas are:

Area Rectangular (inch2) = Length x Width

Area Circular (inch2) = x Radius2

2. Convert the load from grams to pounds using the following formula:

Pounds = Grams x 2.205 x 10-3

3. Calculate the corresponding pressure by using the following formula:

Pressure (PSI) = Pounds / Area

NOTE: This formula applies ONLY if the test

specimens are flat-on-flat.

Crockmeter Kit

The Crockmeter Kit {166g} (figure 32) is used to convert the Taber Linear Abraser into a crockmeter allowing the instrument to be used for wet or dry crock testing (color transfer) or rub testing. The test piece is secured under the path of a 16mm diameter acrylic rubbing finger. A 50mm cloth or felt is affixed to the rubbing finger, and held in place using a spring clip. Weighted to a force of 9N, the finger traverses a 100mm long straight path where each back and forth movement of the finger is referred to as a "double-rub". After rubbing specimens for a specific number of double rubs, the staining of the crocking cloth is assessed by comparing the degree of 'dirtiness' with an approved grey scale rating.

Modifications to how the test is performed include moving a weighted felt pad across a surface or using abrasive paper (e.g. 281Q 3M Wetordry™) to mimic the effects of random scratching. Other possible textile abradants include #10 cotton duck or 14 oz. blue cotton denim.

NOTE: Without any supplemental weights, the base

load of the crock test system is 417.7 1 gram. Using two (2) auxiliary 250 gram weight discs achieves the standard test load of 917.7 grams.

To satisfy ISO 105-X12 for testing textile floor coverings and other pile fabrics, the Crock Block Kit {166g} is available. This accessory is used in conjunction with the Crockmeter Attachment holder in place of the 16mm diameter acrylic finger, and provides a 19mm x 25.4mm rectangular contact area. Crocking cloth is supplied with the kit, allowing the operator to cut the cloth to size. Also available are the Rectangular Crock Block which provides a 40mm x 85mm contact area and the Square Crock Finger {28g} which provides a 1.75" x 1.75" contact area.

Figure 31

Figure 32


Steel Wool Attachments

For applications when steel wool is the desired abradant, Taber offers either the 10mm Square Finger Attachment {27g} (figure 33) or the 20mm Square Finger Attachment {39g}. Both are designed with a flat square contact area, and include a compressible neoprene rubber pad. This pad helps to secure the steel wool in place during testing. Referenced in an Apple Computer test method, the Padded Square Abrasion Kit includes the 10mm Square Finger Attachment along with a lightweight spline shaft and special weight holder to achieve the desired testing load.

The Steel Wool Holder {22.5g} is another option that permits steel wool scuff testing. This holder is machined out of aluminum and includes a 12mm diameter opening. A gently rolled section of steel wool is inserted into the opening, until approximately 1cm of the steel wool is exposed.

NOTE: Steel wool inherently has variation and was not

intended to be a tightly controlled abrasive product. It is comprised of very fine, flexible steel filaments that are randomly assembled in a small pad. Available in different grades, the finer grades of steel wool (such as 0000) have been used to evaluate a product's resistance to marring and / or abrasion.

Scotch-Brite Abrasive Pad Kit1

To evaluate the effects of abrasion damage caused by a scouring pad, Taber offers the Scotch-Brite Abrasive Pad Kit {58g}. This is intended to simulate damage that might be generated by a consumer while cleaning with a scouring pad. The test system includes a 1-3/8 inch aluminum square block (figure 34) to which light duty and general purpose Scotch-Brite pads are attached with a double-sided adhesive tape. The light duty pad is manufactured from soft, non-woven fibers and is intended for applications where a mild abrasive scrubbing action is required. In 1 Scotch-Brite is a trademark of 3M

contrast, the general purpose pad is used as a substitute for steel wool and intended for "everyday" cleaning.

NOTE: Nylon scouring pads inherently have

variation and were not intended to be a tightly controlled abrasive product. They are comprised of flexible, non-woven fibers assembled in a pad, and available in different grades of abrasiveness. This product has been utilized to produce micro-scratching or marring.

Brass Brush Holder Attachment

The Brass Brush Holder Attachment {79g} (figure 35) satisfies the test brush requirements of General Motors GMW 14125 for testing flat carpets (e.g. needle fleece carpet). The brush includes brass wire, set in 3 rows affixed to a wooden block. The Wide Slot Specimen Holder is recommended when testing carpet or textile specimens with the brass brush.

Figure 33

Figure 34

Figure 35


Test Wedge Kit

The Test Wedge Kit {180g} satisfies the requirements of General Motors GMW 14125 for testing artificial leather, upholstery materials and textile protection hoses. The test wedge (figure 36) has a radius (R5) with two faces 90 degrees apart, to which a small piece of sandpaper is affixed. This kit includes Taber’s Fixing Plate Kit which has an 11mm x 140mm opening and 8mm diameter rod. For artificial leather or other textile products, samples are placed over the rod and secured with the fixing plate, allowing the abrasion to occur at the apex of the rod. When testing hose material, it is recommended to support the specimen with a mandrel (not included) to avoid deformation during the test.

For automotive upholstery, the Test Wedge Kit may also be covered in other counterface materials such as #10 Duck Cloth. Instead of the Fixing Plate Kit, the GM Textile Pre-Tensioning Fixture is suggested (see figure 21, page 11). Specimens are clamped into the fixture; a dial adjustment raises the specimen support to introduce a pre-tension on the specimen.

Precision Knuckle Attachment

The Precision Knuckle Attachment {135g} (figure 37) accommodates a variety of rigid, counter-face abrading materials (e.g. rubber, wood, etc.). The attachment includes a threaded stud and nut to secure the abrading material. This unique attachment includes a ball and socket design, which enables the material to be rotated 180 degrees.

Wire/Cable Scrape Attachments

The Taber Scrape Abrasion Kit (figure 38) enables you to test the resistance to scrape abrasion of cables and wire. Based on ISO 6722, this accessory along with the T-Slot Table (sold separately) was designed to evaluate single-core cables, with a conductor size of 6 mm2 or less, intended for use in road vehicle applications. Two attachments {63g each} are provided with this kit permitting scrape abrasion with either the 0.25mm or 0.45mm diameter abrading wire.

A wire specimen approximately 1 m in length with approximately 25mm of insulation removed from one end is secured to a "V-grooved" specimen holder. The appropriate scrape attachment is oriented perpendicular to the specimen. During the test, the scrape attachment traverses back and forth approximately 15 mm along the longitudinal axis of the wire specimen until wear through of the insulation occurs. Once the abrading needle makes contact with the conductor, the test stops automatically.

To determine print durability on insulated wire, Taber also offers the Wire Scrape Attachment {81g each} (figure 39). Two configurations are available to offer a 1mm or 0.25mm diameter abrading needle (rod). The Wire Scrape Attachment can also be used with Taber's Scrape Abrasion Kit described above.

Figure 36

Figure 37

Figure 38


Flexible Material Abrasion Kit

The Flexible Material Abrasion Kit (figure 40) can be used to evaluate the abrasion resistance of most flexible films and packaging materials. Use of this kit requires the T-Slot Universal Table (sold separately).

The Flexible Material Abrasion Kit uses a linear rubbing action of a hemispherical needle stylus to abrade the cross-section of a film. Test specimens are approximately 38 mm (1.5 inch) wide and 50 mm (2 inch) long. After being positioned on the top of a 12mm cylindrical mandrel, the specimens are secured in place with a top plate. Two rubber strips incorporated in the top plate press down on the sides of the specimen to minimize slippage and ensure the specimen is held rigidly during testing.

A cutout in the top plate enables the needle stylus to make contact with the test specimen. Under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action, the stylus travels back and forth over the specimen on the centerline apex of the mandrel. When breakthrough occurs, the test stops automatically.

NOTE: This test may not be suitable for films that

stretch or have a thickness greater than 0.25 mm (0.010 inch).

SCRATCH / MAR TESTING

** This section includes general guidelines on how to conduct scratch testing to yield meaningful results. It is up to the user to develop and document the test procedure that best applies to the material and yields the best test results.

With optional accessories, the Taber Linear Abraser can easily be converted to conduct scratch or mar tests. Many of the scratch tools include a threaded post which fits in the drilled and tapped hole on the bottom of the spline shaft. Other attachments are mounted directly to the spline shaft.

WARNING: Despite the similarity in how scratches

are generated, there are numerous styli referenced in test methods. Taber offers a number of these interchangeable tools, but cautions against comparing results obtained using different shaped styli. The shape of the stylus can impact the stress distribution as the stylus tip is moved across the material surface as well as the frictional drag.

WARNING: Over time, scratch tips may become

blunt which increases the contact area of the tip and can reduce the cutting action making the tip less sensitive. Asymmetrical wear on the stylus tip may also occur which can increase the friction during scratching. Due to material differences in the test specimen, there is no way to predict how long a scratch tool will last. Therefore, it is important to monitor the wear of stylus tips. If you have access to optical measurement equipment that offers an accuracy of ±0.01mm and ±1°, you should inspect the tool at set intervals. If any flatness or other kind of damage is found, the scratching tool should be taken out of service and replaced.

Scratch Test Procedure

To use the Linear Abraser for scratch testing:

1. Press the MODE button for testing.

2. Reset the cycle count by pressing the CLEAR button.

3. Enter the desired number of test cycles using the numeric keypad, and then press ENTER button.

- For single scratch testing, position the load arm such that it is at the end of its stroke (furthest from the Linear Abraser) and set the counter to 1 cycle.

- For multiple pass scratch testing, set the counter to the desired number of cycles using the numeric keypad.

Figure 39

Figure 40


4. Set the speed to the desired cycles/minute.

5. Press the LASER GUIDE button to determine the location of the scratch path. Secure the specimen so the area to be tested is aligned with the laser guide.

6. Open the safety cover and set the stroke length to the desired distance taking care to ensure the path of the scratch tool does not exceed the size of the specimen.

7. Add the desired amount of weights, if any, to the weight support.

8. Ensure that the appropriate scratch tool has been mounted properly.

9. While holding the spline shaft, release the lock mechanism and gently lower the scratch tool onto the specimen surface.

10. Start the scratch process by pressing the START button.

11. When the test is complete, use the lock mechanism to lock the scratch tool in the “rest” position.

12. Remove and evaluate the specimen (see Scratch Test Evaluation).

WARNING: To prevent chatter of the scratch tool

during testing, a slow speed is recommended.

NOTE: For multiple pass scratch testing, the total

number of scratches will be 2x the test cycles. This accounts for the outbound stroke and inbound stroke.

Scratch Test Evaluation

Depending on the type of material under evaluation, the visual appearance of a scratch or mar normally involves changes in surface topography, color, or brightness. Three methods are normally used to evaluate scratch test results:

Visual Evaluation - Scratch resistance is normally reported as the minimum load necessary to penetrate the surface of the specimen. The observer increases (decreases) the testing load until the point when a visible line is scratched on the specimen surface. This line should penetrate the surface and not be able to be wiped off. It is also possible to rank scratches based on an existing standard. A standard numeric rating representing 3 to 5 increasing scratches (or what constitutes a Pass/Fail) may be established for each type of material and used solely for comparison to determine test end point.

Width/Depth - Use a magnifier to measure the width of the scratch lines. Alternatively, an Optical Micrometer may be used to measure the depth of scratch.

Image Analysis - Another option would be to use an Image Analysis technique such as SEM.

Detailed descriptions are recommended when depicting scratch or mar damage. Items that might be described include surface topography, material deformation, material removal and color changes. The following examples have been used to describe damage in plastics:

- scratch is shallow (or deep)

- scratch is smooth, with a well defined shape (or rough and deformed)

- scratch includes plastic flow of the material (or cutting, tearing, cracking, chipping, crazing)

- scratch includes visible ripple marks at the bottom (i.e. chevron or parabolic shaped)

- strain whitening is visible (or no change in color)

The properties of plastic materials can greatly influence the evaluation of scratch and mar resistance. It is important to be aware of the following factors and take them into consideration.

- Many plastics have elastic recovery upon removal of applied stress.

- Many plastics have visco-elastic properties and the stresses in the plastics may relax during loading.

- Plastics may change structure during material flow, which can also change the mechanical properties of plastics.

For reproducible results, define if evaluation should occur immediately following the scratch test or after a specified amount of time (e.g. 24 hours).


SCRATCH & MAR ACCESSORIES

Conical / Spherical Scratch Tools

Because of their symmetrical characteristics, conical / spherical tips allow for the stylus to contact the test surface without concern about orientation or alignment. The tips include a #8-32UNC-2A threaded post which allows the tip to be screwed directly to the bottom of the Linear Abraser spline shaft.

Taber’s conical scratch tips (figure 41) are made from tungsten carbide brazed onto a 0.375" diameter stainless steel body and include a 60° angle.

0.1mm diameter radius point 0.25mm diameter radius point 0.4mm diameter radius point 0.5mm diameter radius point

Hemispherical scratch tips (figures 42 & 43) include a tungsten carbide ball is brazed into a 0.375" diameter stainless steel body. The 1.0mm diameter tips include a 60° angle. The 7mm diameter tip includes a 75° angle.

1.0mm diameter radius tip 7.0mm diameter radius tip

Diamond Tool Holder

Taber’s Diamond Tool Holder (figure 44) is a cylindrical holder in which a diamond tool (figure 45) is inserted and secured in place by a set screw. A #8-32UNC-2A threaded post allows this tip to be screwed directly to the bottom of the Linear Abraser spline shaft.

Taber’s diamond tool holder is offered with one of three conical diamond tools.

3 mil radius point with 90° angle (Model 139-55) 3.5 mil radius point with 90° angle (Model 139-56) 0.3mm radius point with 60° angle (Model 139-52)

Figure 41

Figure 42

Figure 43

Figure 44

Figure 45


Scratch Kit

The Scratch Kit (figure 46) includes two industry accepted diamond tools along with a 7x measuring magnifier. Each tool is a 0.531" long stainless steel rod, with a conical diamond tip lapped to a 0.092" diameter. One tool has a 3 mil radius point and the other a 3.5 mil radius point. Both tools include a 90° angle. This attachment is available as steel {98g} or aluminum {33g}, and mounts to the bottom of the Linear Abraser spline shaft.

Multi-Mar Scratch Attachment

The Multi-Mar Scratch Attachment (figure 47) is available in a 45° orientation {98g} or 90° orientation {100g} and supplied with a loop stylus. This attachment is typically used to evaluate plastics, paints, and coatings for resistance to scratch and mar, and can accommodate optional styli such as those described below:

Loop Stylus (figure 48) - Made from 1" long by 1/16" diameter tool steel heat treated to HRC 55-61 with an outside radius of 0.128" and 8 RMS surface finish (included with each Multi-Mar Scratch Attachment).

Needle Stylus (figure 49)- Made from 1" long by 1.5mm diameter 440 stainless steel with a 0.75mm radius tip. Hardness is HRC 55-61 with an 8 RMS surface finish.

Hoffman Type Stylus (figure 50) - Made from tool steel heat treated to HRC 55-61 with a 0.275" diameter contact arc and 8 RMS surface finish.

Standardized Copper "Coin" (figure 51) - Manufactured from copper alloy 101, this coin has a 0.75" diameter and is 0.06" thick with an edge radius of R0.010". The hardness of this tool was selected to simulate the hardness of the human fingernail, and is intended to provide a repeatable "Fingernail Scratch" or coin scrape test. It is also useful in determining the durability of scratch-off coatings used on lottery tickets and similar products.

Figure 46

Figure 47

Figure 48

Figure 50

Figure 51

Figure 49


Coin Holder

The Coin Holder Attachment {40g} (figure 52) can be used for wear, scrape, rub or mar testing. Available in three different angles, this attachment includes a 0.078" wide slot which is 0.45" deep. The standardized copper coin may be used with this holder as well as other coins in circulation. Use caution when testing with a coin that has been in circulation, as wear may influence the condition of the edge.

45°Angle Coin Holder 60°Angle Coin Holder 75°Angle Coin Holder

Pencil Hardness Scratch Kit

The Pencil Hardness Kit (figure 53) provides a rapid and economical means of evaluating film hardness of paints and coatings in accordance with ASTM D3363 and ISO 15184. A holder (34g) orients the pencil at a 45° angle, and the test involves pushing it a distance of 1/4 inch. The test starts with the hardest pencil (6H) and continues with the next softer pencil until the operator identifies the pencil that will not cut into or gouge the film (pencil hardness), or the pencil that will not scratch the film (scratch hardness). Pencil core hardness’s are graded using the following scale from softest (9B) to hardest (9H):

9B - 6B - 5B - 4B - 3B - 2B - B - HB - F - H - 2H - 3H - 4H - 5H - 6H - 9H

NOTE: Although the HB grade is considered to be

the standard, there may be variation from one manufacturer to another. Also, it has been observed that German HB's tend to be harder than United States HB's, which are slightly harder than Japanese HB's.

Scraper Tool

General Motors references a 5mm {37g} or 10mm {46g} Scraper tool in GMW 14125, used to evaluate flocked elastomers and pile carpets. Made from tool steel, the test scrapers (figures 54 & 55) are shaped circularly in the area of the test cutting edge (seen from the sharp side) where the radius of the test cutting edge is half of the width and the cutting edge hardened to 60 - 62 RC.

Figure 52

Figure 53

Figure 54

Figure 55


OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES REFERENCE

The following chart is provided to assist in establishing a specific test load. To calculate the total load, sum the combined weights of the system:

Spline Shaft Wear & Abrasion Attachments

Scratch / Mar Attachments

130855 Spline Kit, steel 10mm diam. x 300mm

180g 130852 Wearaser Collet Kit, stainless steel

98g 133566 90 Multi-Mar Scratch, w/ loop stylus

100g

132190 Spline Kit, aluminum 10mm diam. x 300mm

85g 131852 Wearaser Collet Kit, aluminum

28g 133136 45 Multi-Mar Scratch, w/ loop stylus

98g

132280 Spline Kit, aluminum 10mm diam. x 150mm

43g 131852-1 Wearaser Collet Kit, plastic

16g 133139 Hoffman Stylus (for MultiMar Scratch)

- -

131862 Wearaser Collet Kit, jumbo

43g 133138 Needle Stylus (for MultiMar Scratch)

- -

Weight Support 130570 Crockmeter Kit 16mm dia.

166g 133178 Copper Coin (for MultiMar Scratch)

- -

133554 Weight Support, for steel spline shaft 350g base load

72g 134571 Crock Block Kit w/holder 19mm x 25.4mm

166g 133553 Conical Scratch Tip, 0.1mm diameter

9g

133556 Weight Support, for alumi-num shaft 350g base load

167g 132749 Square Crock Finger, requires Crockmeter Kit


9g

134550 Rectangular Crock Block, 40mm x 85mm


10g

Auxiliary Weight Discs 130572 Universal Attachment, stainless steel 25.4mm dia.


10g

132716 Auxiliary Weight Disc, 10g 10g 134217 Universal Attachment, aluminum 50.8mm dia.

98g 132347 Hemisphere Scratch Tip, 1.0mm Diameter

9.5g

132717 Auxiliary Weight Disc, 20g 20g 133432 ScotchBrite® Abrasive Pad Kit

58g 132348 Hemisphere Mar Tip, 7.0mm Diameter

11.5g

131548 Auxiliary Weight Disc, 50g 50g 134656 10mm Padded Square Finger Attachment

27g 130575 Scratch Kit, Stainless Steel w/ Conical Diamond Tool

98g

131611 Auxiliary Weight Disc, 75g 75g 134658 20mm Padded Square Finger Attachment

39g 131604 Scratch Kit, Aluminum w/ Conical Diamond Tool

33g

131612 Auxiliary Weight Disc, 100g 100g 134985 Steel Wool Holder Kit 22.5g 132892 132910

Diamond Tool Holder, w/ 90 Conical Diamond Tool

9g

131373 Auxiliary Weight Disc, 150g 150g 133423 Test Wedge Kit, includes 320 coarseness sandpaper

180g 134981 Diamond Tool Holder, w/ 60 Conical Diamond Tool

9g

130285 Auxiliary Weight Disc, 250g 250g 134184 Brass Brush Holder Attachment

79g 133475 Scraper, 5mm 37g

134218-1 Auxiliary Weight, 1000g 1000g 132735 Precision Knuckle Attachment

135g 133476 Scraper, 10mm 46g

132740 Precision Weight Kit, (mounts to spline shaft)

Min. 7g

134380 Wire Scrape Attachment, 1mm diam. wire

81g 133314 Scratch Claw Kit 17g

132710 Precision Weight Post, (mounts to weight holder)

Min. 35g

134495 Wire Scrape Attachment, 0.635mm diam. wire

81g 131716 Coin Holder Kit, 45; 60; or 75 degree

40g

134887 Wire/Cable Scrape Abrasion Kit

63g 133453 Pencil Hardness Scratch Kit includes weight of pencil

34g

134583 Flexible Material Abrasion Kit

- - -

NOTES: a) The standard load of the Taber Linear Abraser is 350g; includes spline shaft; weight support; and steel wearaser collet kit.

b) If no accessory weight discs are required, it is possible to reduce the load by removing the weight support.

c) The maximum number of 250g weight discs that should be applied to the weight support is: 133554 – 5 discs 133556 – 7 discs

d) Recommended MAXIMUM loads: Spline Kit, steel (130855): 2400 grams Spline Kit, aluminum (132190): 2100 grams Spline Kit, aluminum (132280): 2100 grams

e) T-Slot Universal Table (133336) or Universal Specimen Table (131734) is strongly recommended.

TOTAL LOAD = Spline Shaft + Weight Support (optional) + Auxiliary Weight Disc(s) (optional) + Attachment


Limited Warranty Taber Industries, (“Taber”) warrants that its products are free from defects in material and workmanship. This Limited Warranty shall be applicable for a period of one year from the date of initial shipment of any product. The terms of this Limited Warranty do not in any way extend to parts of the product thereof which have a life, under normal usage, inherently shorter that the one year previously stated. Taber will, at its option, repair or replace the defective product if Taber determines it is defective within the warranty period and if it is returned, freight prepaid, to Taber. Replacement parts will be shipped F.O.B. Taber’s plant. Taber is not obligated to furnish service under this Limited Warranty: a) to repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than Taber representatives to install, repair, or service the product; b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or from connecting the product to incompatible equipment; or c) if personnel other than Taber representatives, without Taber’s prior permission, modify the product. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH HEREIN, TABER MAKES NO OTHER REPRESENTATIONS, PROMISES, GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND TABER EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES NOT EXPRESSLY STATED HEREIN. IN THE EVENT THE PRODUCT IS NOT FREE FROM DEFECTS AS WARRANTED ABOVE, A CUSTOMER’S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT AS PROVIDED ABOVE. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL TABER BE LIABLE FOR ANY INJUIRES, DAMAGE TO OR REPLACEMENT OF OTHER PRODUCTS OR PROPERTY, COSTS FOR RECOVERING, REPROGAMMING, OR REPRODUCING ANY PROGRAM OR DATA USED WITH THE PRODUCT. EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED HEREIN, IN NO EVENT SHALL TABER BE LIABLE TO ANY CUSTOMER OR ANY THIRD PARTY FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS WARRANTY OR CONNECTED WITH OR RESULTING FROM THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, DELIVERY, RESALE, REPAIR, REPLACEMENT, OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR THE FURNISHING OF ANY SERVICE OR PART THEREOF, WHETHER SUCH LIABILITY IS BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF WARNED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ANY SUCH DAMAGES. TABER IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOSS OF ANY DATA UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES AND ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES THAT MAY RESULT THEREOF.

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