modal verbs. modal verbs always followed infinitive verb / modal verbs are verbs that are always...
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MODAL VERBSMODAL VERBS
modal verbs modal verbs Modal verbs are verbs that are always followedalways followed by another infinitive infinitive
verbverb;E.g. She can playcan play the piano very well.
To form the negative or the interrogative we don’t need an auxiliary verb:
NEGATIVE – we just add NOTNOT to the modal verb
E.g. We must not (mustnmust not (mustn’’t)t) wear sunglasses in the classroom
INTERROGATIVE – we just put the modal verb before the subjectmodal verb before the subject
E.g. Can youCan you speak German?
Modal verbs are verbs that are always followedalways followed by another infinitive infinitive verbverb;
E.g. She can playcan play the piano very well.
To form the negative or the interrogative we don’t need an auxiliary verb:
NEGATIVE – we just add NOTNOT to the modal verb
E.g. We must not (mustnmust not (mustn’’t)t) wear sunglasses in the classroom
INTERROGATIVE – we just put the modal verb before the subjectmodal verb before the subject
E.g. Can youCan you speak German?
modal verbsmodal verbs
The 3rd person singular doesndoesn’’t take an -s/-est take an -s/-es at the end of the verb;
E.g. He can runcan run the marathon.
Each modal verb expresses many different meanings:many different meanings:
E.g. She can gocan go to the party tonight.(permission (permission –– asking and giving) asking and giving)Tattoos can damagecan damage your skin.(possibility/probability)(possibility/probability)Garfield can eatcan eat a birthday cake all by himself.(ability/capacity)(ability/capacity)
The 3rd person singular doesndoesn’’t take an -s/-est take an -s/-es at the end of the verb;
E.g. He can runcan run the marathon.
Each modal verb expresses many different meanings:many different meanings:
E.g. She can gocan go to the party tonight.(permission (permission –– asking and giving) asking and giving)Tattoos can damagecan damage your skin.(possibility/probability)(possibility/probability)Garfield can eatcan eat a birthday cake all by himself.(ability/capacity)(ability/capacity)
CAN/COULDCAN/COULD ability/capacity
e.g. She can readcan read this text in two minutes.They cancan’’t readt read without their glasses.
permissione.g. Can I goCan I go to the concert tonight?
(asking permission)No, you can't gocan't go to the concert. (refusing permission)You can gocan go to the cinema tonight. (giving permission)
CAN/COULDCAN/COULD ability/capacity
e.g. She can readcan read this text in two minutes.They cancan’’t readt read without their glasses.
permissione.g. Can I goCan I go to the concert tonight?
(asking permission)No, you can't gocan't go to the concert. (refusing permission)You can gocan go to the cinema tonight. (giving permission)
modal verbs – meanings modal verbs – meanings
modal verbs – meaningsmodal verbs – meanings
request
e.g. Can you passCan you pass me the salt, please?Could youCould you openopen the window, please?(more polite, formal)
possibility/probability
e.g. Piercings can becan be dangerous.You could getcould get an infection. (less probable)
request
e.g. Can you passCan you pass me the salt, please?Could youCould you openopen the window, please?(more polite, formal)
possibility/probability
e.g. Piercings can becan be dangerous.You could getcould get an infection. (less probable)
modal verbs – meaningsmodal verbs – meanings
MAY / MIGHTMAY / MIGHT permission (formal and polite)
e.g. May I comeMay I come in?Yes, you mayyou may.
probability / possibilitye.g. She may gomay go to the USA next week.
It’s a bit cold today. It might rain might rain tomorrow… (less probable / possible)
MAY / MIGHTMAY / MIGHT permission (formal and polite)
e.g. May I comeMay I come in?Yes, you mayyou may.
probability / possibilitye.g. She may gomay go to the USA next week.
It’s a bit cold today. It might rain might rain tomorrow… (less probable / possible)
modal verbs – meaningsmodal verbs – meanings
MUSTMUST obligation
e.g. Teens must askmust ask for their parents’ permission.
necessitye.g. I don’t have food at home. I must gomust go to the supermarket.
logical deduction/certainty
e.g. Mary is missing classes. She never misses classes. She must bemust be ill.
MUSTMUST obligation
e.g. Teens must askmust ask for their parents’ permission.
necessitye.g. I don’t have food at home. I must gomust go to the supermarket.
logical deduction/certainty
e.g. Mary is missing classes. She never misses classes. She must bemust be ill.
modal verbs – meaningsmodal verbs – meanings
MUSTNMUSTN’’TT prohibition
e.g. Students mustnmustn’’t uset use their mobiles in classes.
SHOULDSHOULD adviceadvice
e.g. You should startshould start studying. The test is tomorrow.
You shouldnshouldn’’t spendt spend all your money on clothes. opinionopinion
e.g. e.g. She believes every kid She believes every kid should haveshould have his/her own mobile his/her own mobile..
MUSTNMUSTN’’TT prohibition
e.g. Students mustnmustn’’t uset use their mobiles in classes.
SHOULDSHOULD adviceadvice
e.g. You should startshould start studying. The test is tomorrow.
You shouldnshouldn’’t spendt spend all your money on clothes. opinionopinion
e.g. e.g. She believes every kid She believes every kid should haveshould have his/her own mobile his/her own mobile..
modal verbs – practicemodal verbs – practice
Choose the most appropriate modal verb:
1.Mary ________ work really hard if she wants to get good
marks.
2- I believe children _________ stay with their mothers until
the age of 3.
3- __________ I check my e-mail on your computer?
4- It is very late. You __________ phone your parents.
Choose the most appropriate modal verb:
1.Mary ________ work really hard if she wants to get good
marks.
2- I believe children _________ stay with their mothers until
the age of 3.
3- __________ I check my e-mail on your computer?
4- It is very late. You __________ phone your parents.
modal verbs – practicemodal verbs – practice
5. I’m not sure but I __________ call you later if I
have some doubts.
6 Mr. Smith, ________ I send you my paper by e-
mail?
7 She ______ read for hours without getting tired.
8 We ______ use these computers without our
teachers’ permission.
5. I’m not sure but I __________ call you later if I
have some doubts.
6 Mr. Smith, ________ I send you my paper by e-
mail?
7 She ______ read for hours without getting tired.
8 We ______ use these computers without our
teachers’ permission.
modal verbsmodal verbs
THE END… (Garfield shouldn’t have eaten the
birthday cake by himself!)
THE END… (Garfield shouldn’t have eaten the
birthday cake by himself!)