mock cet test

7/26/2019 Mock Cet Test

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mock-cet-test 1/21

1 IMS-38-TEST-112

DIRECTIONS for questions 1 to 5: Each question consists of two capitalized words

that have a certain relationship to each other, followed by 5 pairs of words. Choose

the pair that is related to each other in the same way as the capitalized pair.

1. CAT : FELINE

1] vulture : vulpine

2] egret : equine

3] wolf : ursine

4] toucan : canine

5] cow : bovine

2. COMPASS : DIRECTION

1] telescope : size

2] sextant : distance

3] abacus : amount

4] gyroscope : speed

5] callipers : weight

3. PRUNE : PLUM

1] bird : feathers

2] fruit : date

3] fig : apricot

4] lemon : grapefruit5] raisin : grape

4. WORM : HOOK

1] whale : dolphin

2] fish : eye

3] scapegoat : disorder

4] cheese : mousetrap

5] beg : money

5. SIMMER : BOIL

1] annihilate : crush

2] chaos : order

3] win : lose

4] giggle : guffaw

5] begrime : besmirch



2 IMS-38-TEST-112

DIRECTIONS for questions 6 to 10: In each of the following sentences, a part of the

sentence or the entire sentence is underlined. Beneath each sentence, five different

ways of phrasing the underlined part are indicated. Choose the best alternative from

among the five given options.

6. In addition to his controversial fiction, which has been translated into foreign languages

worldwide, he hosts a radio programme and a television show, and has been using

them to argue against the age-old Russian literary mantra that man, in his heart

of hearts, is inherently good.

1] which has been translated into foreign languages worldwide, he hosts a radio

programme and a television show, and has been using them to argue against

the age-old Russian literary mantra that man, in his heart of hearts, is inherently

good.

2] that have been translated into foreign languages worldwide, they host a radio

programme and a television show, and are using them to argue against the age-old Russian literary mantra that man, in his heart of hearts, is inherently good.

3] which is translated into foreign languages worldwide, he hosts a radio programme

and a television show, and is using them to argue against the age-old Russian literary

mantra that man, in his heart of hearts, is inherently good.

4] that has been translated into foreign languages worldwide, he hosts a radio programme

and a television show, and has been using them to argue against the age-old Russian

literary mantra that man, in his heart of hearts, are inherently good.

5] which was been translated into foreign language worldwide, he hosted a radio

programme and a television show, and has been using them to argue against

the age-old Russian literary mantra that man, in his heart of hearts, is inherently

good.

7. Cosmetic surgery are one of the only surgical procedures that eagerly embraces

the practice of self-diagnosis.

1] are one of the only surgical procedures which eagerly embrace the practise of

self-diagnosis.

2] is the only surgical procedure that eagerly embraces the practice of self-diagnosis.

3] is the only surgical procedures which eagerly embraces the practice of self-di-

agnosis.

4] is one of the only surgical procedures that eagerly embraces the practice of self-

diagnosis.

5] were only one of the surgical procedures that eagerly embraced that practise of

self-diagnosis.



3 IMS-38-TEST-112

8. It reflected not only a distorted view of a critical episode in U.S. foreign policy but

also the rejection of important, negative lessons that Americans later drew from their

brief experiment in creating an overseas empire.

1] It reflected not only a distorted view of a critical episode in U.S. foreign policy

but also the rejection of important, negative lessons that Americans later drew

from their brief experiment in creating an overseas empire.

2] It reflected not only a distorted view of a critical episode in U.S. foreign policy

but the rejection of important, negative lessons that Americans later drew from

their brief experiment in creating an overseas empire.

3] It reflected not only a distorted view of the critical episode in U.S. foreign policy

but also the rejection of important, negative lessons that Americans later draw

from their brief experiment in the creation of an overseas empire.

4] It reflected not only a distorted view of a critical episode of U.S. foreign policy

but also the rejection of important, negative lessons that Americans later drew

from its brief experiment in creating an overseas empire.

5] It reflected a distorted view of a critical episode of U.S. foreign policy and alsoan important rejection of the negative lessons that Americans later drew from their

brief experiment in the creation of an overseas empire.

9. A systematic investigation of these tacit concepts reveal that notions of religious

agency, despite important cultural differences, are very similar the world over.

1] of these tacit concepts reveal that notions of religious agency, despite important

cultural differences, are very similar the world over.

2] of these tacit concepts reveals that notions of religious agency, despite important

cultural differences, are very similar the world over.

3] of these tacit concepts reveals that notions of religious agency, despite important

cultural differences, is very similar the world over.

4] of these tacit concepts reveal that notions of religious agency, despite importantcultural differences, is very similar the world over.

5] of these tacit concepts revealed that notions of religious agency, is very similar

the world over, despite important cultural differences.



4 IMS-38-TEST-112

10. Professor Bhagwati was exceptional among the leading economists in understanding

the need to confront gross misconceptions about economics in the general public,

including the so-called educated public.

1] was exceptional among the leading economists in understanding the need to confront

gross misconceptions about economics in the general public, including the so-called

educated public.

2] is exceptional between leading economists in understanding the need to confront gross

misconceptions about economics of the general public, including the so-called educated

public.

3] is exceptional among the leading economists in understanding the need for confronting

gross misconceptions of economics of the general public, including the so-called

educated public.

4] was exceptional among the leading economists for understanding the need to

confront gross misconceptions about economics in the general public, including

the so-called educated public.

5] had to be exceptional among the leading economists in understanding the needfor confronting gross misconceptions of economics in the general public, including

the so-called educated public.

DIRECTIONS for questions 26 to 30: In each of the sentences, parts of the sentences

are left blank. Beneath each sentence, five different ways of completing the sentence

are indicated. Choose the word or set of words that best fits the meaning of the sentence

as a whole.

26. His __________ ability to give the most commonplace looks a _________ twist –

a thermal undershirt made of cashmere, or cropped cargo pants turned into lavish

tuxedo pants — has made him one of the most carefully watched and desired designers

in the business.

1] uncanny …………. smart 2] superficial …….. natty

3] exceptional ……………… luxurious 4] bizarre ………. whacky

5] acquired …………. exotic

27. Choosing to work in his own vein, extracting a __________ ore instead of _________

from one popular and profitable mine-head to another, he has nevertheless experi-

mented with diverse media platforms.

1] consistent ………. flitting

2] tender ………. contaminating

3] incongruous …….. varying

4] brilliant ………. borrowing

5] diverse ………. concentrating



5 IMS-38-TEST-112

28. No longer ____________ in the face of fraud, accounting firms are __________ on

new US laws that give them real clout.

1] helpless ………… dependent2] obstinate ……….. flexible

3] frail …………. thriving

4] stagnant ………… booming

5] potent ………. wavering

29. Instead of seeing the worldly and the transcendent as _____________, it might be

more fruitful to regard the second set as _________, including and exceeding the

first.

1] complimentary ……….. overpowering

2] contradictory ………. superior 3] superficial ………. all-encompassing

4] opposites ………… subsuming

5] extremes ……….. independent

30. Earthy in outlook but ____________ in style, the Punjabi-origin farmers ___________

the Great American Dream by dint of hard work and resilience.

1] rustic ………. follow

2] flexible ………… execute

3] diverse ……. appreciate

4] original …………. attain5] sophisticated …….. realize

DIRECTIONS for questions 41 to 45: Find the odd one out.

41. 1] audacious 2] foolhardy 3] reckless

4] rash 5] valiant

42. 1] rococo 2] haiku 3] ballad

4] lyric 5] sonnet



6 IMS-38-TEST-112

43. 1] smash 2] shatter 3] spatter

4] split 5] tear

44. 1] chain 2] pedal 3] saddle

4] windscreen 5] spokes

45. 1] homily 2] scholar 3] sermon

4] lecture 5] discourse

DIRECTIONS for questions 46 to 50: Each question has a set of four statements.

Each statement has three segments. Choose the alternative where the third segment

in the statement can be logically deduced using both the preceding two but not

just one of them.

46. A. Some dwarfs are shy. All giants are dwarfs. Some giants are shy.B. No needles are thimbles. All machines are thimbles. Some needles are machines.

C. All schools are castles. No palaces are castles. Some palaces are schools.

D. All wizards are muggles. Some wands are wizards. Some wands are muggles.

1] A 2] B 3] C

4] D 5] both A and B

47. A. All hymns are prayers. All prayers are choirs. All choirs are hymns.

B. All bikes are cars. Some scooters are bikes. Some cars are scooters.

C. All tiffins are lunches. All lunches are breakfasts. All breakfasts are tiffins.

D. All ponies are horses. All donkeys are horses. Some ponies are horses.

1] A 2] B 3] C

4] D 5] none of these

48. A. All fines are charges. All drafts are charges. All charges are fines.

B. No aspirins are crocins. All becosules are aspirins. No crocins are becosules.

C. All rats are ants. Some birds are rats. All birds are ants.

D. All nuts are bats. No bats are pits. No nuts are pits.

1] A and B 2] B and C 3] B and D

4] A and C 5] none of these

49. A. All skirts are kilts. No minis are kilts. No minis are skirts.

B. Some quirks are crazy. No raves are crazy. Some crazies are not raves.

C. All balloons are oranges. All apples are oranges. Some balloons are oranges.

D. Some oats are meals. No drinks are oats. No drinks are meals.1] A 2] B 3] C

4] D 5] none of these



7 IMS-38-TEST-112

50. A. Some rabbits are dogs. All dogs are parrots. Some rabbits are parrots.

B. Some cats are ostriches. No squirrels are cats. Some ostriches are not squirrels.

C. Some peas are nuts. No quotas are nuts. Some quotas are peas.D. All blues are neons. All purples are neons. All blues are purples.

1] A 2] B 3] B and C

4] C and D 5] A and B

DIRECTIONS for questions 81 to 85: In the sentences given below, certain parts

have been underlined. Mark the part that has an error in it. If there is no error, mark [5].

81. In our experiment, we offered students

[1]

a free cup of coffee

[2]

if they would have answered

[3]

a few questions for us.

[4]

82. Pattadakal represents the high point of an eclectic art which,[1]

th thin the 7 and 8 centuries under the Chalukya dynasty,

[2]

achieved a harmonious blend of

[3]

architectural froms form northern and southern India.

[4]



8 IMS-38-TEST-112

83.That the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill, 2013,

[1]

to create a new state of Telangana would force

[2]

a sharp regional divide in the Assembly and the Legislative Council

[3]

was predictable and understandable.

[4]

84. By the next century, if not more soon,[1]

large numbers of people[2]

will have to abandon coastal areas

[3]

in many parts of the world.

[4]

85.Bollywood has never been

[1]

afraid for sacrificing realism

[2]

for the sake of

[3]

an entertaining story.

[4]



9 IMS-38-TEST-112

DIRECTIONS for questions 96 and 97: Arrange the words/phrases to form a meaningful

sentence.

96. A. what professors who taught them

B. earn annually

C. earn two times more than

D. just the year before

E. students who graduate from IITs

1] DECAB 2] ECABD 3] DABCE

4] EDCAB 5] ECADB

97. A. it wil l remain a precarious enterprise

B. unless disinvestment is linked

C. and its gains earmarked

D. for convincingly productive purposes,

E. to credible reform in governance

1] DEABC 2] BAECD 3] DABCE

4] BECDA 5] DBCAE

DIRECTIONS for questions 98 to 100: The sentences given in each question, when

properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a

letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices

to construct a coherent paragraph.

98. A. The clear distinction between these two descriptions – one in terms of structure

and the other in terms of organisation – makes it possible to integrate structure-

oriented models of self-organisation and organisation-oriented models into a

coherent theory of living systems.

B. According to Maturana and Varela, the concept of autopoiesis is necessary and

sufficient to characterise the organisation of living systems.

C. To understand the properties of the components and their physical interactions,

a description of the system’s structure in the language of Physics and Chemistry

must be added to the abstract description of its organisation.

D. However, this characterisation does not include any information about the physical

constitution of the system’s components.

1] CABD 2] CDAB 3] BDCA

4] BDAC 5] ABCD



10 IMS-38-TEST-112

99. A. Getting the data digitally is also the only way to ensure that you get information

quickly enough to respond to customer needs before your competitor does.

B. It also sets in motion optimal ways to process the data afterward.C. Starting with digital numbers doesn’t merely eliminate redundancy of effort and

errors.

D. Being digital from the outset drives efficiency in manufacturing, shipping, billing,

and other operational processes.

1] ABDC 2] BDAC 3] CBDA

4] DACB 5] ADBC

100. A. Vitriolic pronouncements by various fundamentalists in Pisa were published for

a number of days before the attacks.

B. As shown by the recent massacres in Yera, the government scores a virtual

zero in terms of initiatives and orchestrating a meaningful information campaign.

C. Selian citizens might increasingly be IT-Savvy, but the government of Selia isyet to come of age in the information era.

D. It was obvious that the Pisa-based terrorists were preparing for a blood-bath.

E. While there may or may not have been security lapses in Yera leading upto

the killings, there can be no doubt that there was massive information failure

on the part of the government.

1] CBDEA 2] CDEBA 3] CBDAE

4] CEBDA 5] ABCDE

DIRECTIONS for questions 111 to 115: Each question has three statements followed

by five options. Choose the option that follows from all the given statements.

111. I. All pens are pencils.

II. All pencils are books.

III. Some books are notepads.

1] All books are pens. 2] All books are pencils.

3] Some pens are books. 4] Some pens are notepads.

5] None of these.

112. I. Some cars are motorbikes.

II. Some motorbikes are vans.

III. No lorries are motorbikes.

1] Some vans are cars. 2] All lorries are cars.

3] Some vans are not cars. 4] All cars are vans.

5] None of these.



11 IMS-38-TEST-112

113. I. All dogs are cats.

II. Some cats are parrots.

III. All parrots are pets.1] Some cats are pets. 2] Some dogs are parrots.

3] Some dogs are pets. 4] Some dogs are not parrots.

5] None of these.

114. I. All swords are knives.

II. All pistols are knives.

III. Some knives are guns.

1] Some swords are pistols. 2] Some pistols are guns.

3] Some swords are not knives. 4] All knives are guns.

5] None of these.

115. I. Al l movies are episodes.

II. All episodes are comedies.

III. No comedies are boring.

1] All movies are comedies. 2] Some movies are boring.

3] All comedies are movies. 4] No movies are boring.

5] None of these.



12 IMS-38-TEST-112

DIRECTIONS for questions 126 to 130: Read the passage below and answer the

questions that follow.

In the beginning there was only darkness. For many millions of years this darkness remained.

There were no stars, no sun, and no earth. But one day, something very special happened.

The darkness created light. It was a very small amount of light but it was just enough.

The dark became the husband of the light. After a long while, both the light and the

dark became bored.

The light began to insult the dark and the dark replied with equally harsh insults.

"You are not as beautiful as I!" said the light.

"Ha! You are much uglier than I!" said the dark.

Eventually, they began to fight. None could triumph over the other, however, because

they both were equal in power. Dark had a little bit more strength but light was a little

bit more cunning. They continued to fight for a very long time, until one day, the light

was tired and she called to the dark:

"We must create beings that will give more meaning to our lives for we must live together

for eternity."

The dark agreed and so it was settled. They would conceive two new beings. One would

be female, the other would be male and the two siblings would be fertile and give birth

to the universe. The light gave birth to a god, the first god, and his name was Thrakath.

He was the creator of the universe and the son of the light and the dark. The light

also gave birth to Tria and she was the creator of the universe, the daughter of the

light and the dark and the wife of Thrakath.

Both Thrakath and Tria lived together within the light and the dark for a long time creatingthe universe within their minds. After they had finished thinking, they decided to implementtheir plans. First they created the stars. There were many stars throughout the universeand both Thrakath and Tria were pleased. But the stars eventually became troublesome,so they decided to create the sun.

The sun became the king of the universe and he was very bright, so he could be seenfrom far and wide. The stars feared him and so again began to behave in an appropriatefashion. He also was very hot and warmed the once cold universe so that life would

be possible.

Then, Thrakath and Tria decided to make planets. They made eight planets, one everymonth for eight months. These planets were much smaller than the stars and they worshippedthe sun and revolved round him. They waited three more months until they created the



13 IMS-38-TEST-112

ninth planet. This planet they named Earth and decided to make her special. The other

planets became jealous but the ever present sun discouraged them from displaying unrest.

The Earth became extremely weary of her life so Thrakath and Tria gave her a friend whowould be her eternal companion named Moon. Moon and Earth became good friends andthey stayed together. Thrakath and Tria were very pleased with what they had created butthey were not quite finished.

They were tired of creating, however, and so they created an earth-god name Terrawho would develop and populate the earth. Terra wasted no time in getting to work.First he created water and then he created land. When he had finished, he thoughtto himself how very beautiful Earth was and he was also pleased. Then he reachedinto his pockets and took out some seeds. Terra proceeded to plant these seeds inthe land. They were all different types of seeds and from them sprang many differenttrees. Some bore fruit and others didn't.

Terra thought to himself that the plants were nice but were not interesting enough, sohe planted special seeds that would grow into animals. Only two of each type of animalswere created; but they mated and reproduced and populated the earth. He then thoughtto himself that the animals were interesting but were not very smart. He wanted to createindividuals who, like himself, could also create. So after much thought, he created people.

The people were very smart. They learned much by just observing the environment aroundthem. They used the plants to create tools and shelter for themselves. They also usedplants for food. They killed some of the animals and used them for clothing and alsofor food. Terra was ecstatic at what he had created and bragged about the people toThrakath and Tria who were interested.

For many hundreds of years the people were good, taking only what they needed fromthe earth and obeying the wishes of Terra, the earth-god. They always remembered toworship him for they owed him much. People loved Terra and each other and werehappy. They reproduced and soon populated the earth along with the animals.

But then humans started to do bad things. They began to kill each other, waste thefood, and disobey Terra. They no longer worshipped him and many forgot him altogether.The people thought that they could live well without respecting the earth-god. Terra, theearth-god, became very displeased and so he created a great and terrible monster todeal with the people. The monster was named Dragga and he was a violent and terrifyingbeast. He swept down upon the earth with great fury and devoured as many peopleas his immense belly could hold. Those that he could not eat, he grabbed with his enormousclaws and snapped in half.

The people were horrified and called out to Terra to have mercy and save them. Terraheard their cries and had pity for them so he created a great earth warrior named Herculesto slay the beast. Hercules had superhuman strength and possessed a sharp, double-edged sword. He travelled many miles to find Dragga and when he found the monster he immediately slayed him. The people were grateful to Terra for sending them such



14 IMS-38-TEST-112

a fearless warrior to slay Dragga and made Hercules their king. With Hercules as their

king, the people of the earth once again became prosperous and the world was returned

to order.

126. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?

1] As soon as Thrakath and Tria were born, they created the universe.

2] The sun was created to keep control over the stars.

3] Animals were created on the earth as plants were not fascinating enough.

4] Dragga was the name of the monster whom the earth-god created.

5] None of the above.

127. What could be the moral of the above passage?

1] Every once in a while, a superhuman will come to save the earth from wicked

people.

2] The creation of the earth required a long time and great effort and human beingsare not worthy of it.

3] It is imperative that humans use the resources of the earth wisely and live in harmony

amongst themselves otherwise calamity could befall them.

4] Fearless warriors always rescue people in trouble.

5] Catastrophes that occur in the universe are actually expressions of the wrath of

callous gods.

128. In the given passage, darkness and light symbolise:

1] good and evil .

2] day and night.

3] equal and complementary forces.

4] precursors of man and woman.

5] power and shrewdness.

129. Why did Terra send Hercules to slay Dragga?

1] He realized his folly in sending such a monster and that the future of the human

race was at stake.

2] When the humans cried out to Terra for help, he melted.

3] He realized that Hercules could be a good king to the humans.

4] As he had created the human race, he had a soft corner for humans.

5] After some time, Dragga challenged the power of Terra.

130. Life became possible on the universe due to the existence of:1] the Earth. 2] the Sun. 3] Thrakath and Tria.

4] Terra. 5] Hercules.



15 IMS-38-TEST-112

DIRECTIONS for questions 131 to 135: Each question consists of two capitalized words

that have a certain relationship to each other, followed by five pairs of words. Choose

the pair that is NOT RELATED mutually in the same way as the capitalized pair.

131. ACUITY : PERSPICACITY

1] bequeathal : legacy

2] fortitude : mettle

3] infirmity : fitness

4] humility : subservience

5] redemption : atonement

132. RABBI : JUDAISM

1] priest : hinduism

2] imam : islam

3] friar : christianity4] lama : buddhism

5] ayatollah : shinto

133. GLARE : ANGER

1] stare : disbelief

2] peer : darkness

3] eye : suspicion

4] glance : passion

5] squint : concentration

DIRECTIONS for questions 134 and 135: Choose the option that is CLOSEST in

meaning to the capitalized word.

134. KINDRED

1] allied 2] reciprocal 3] different

4] humane 5] critical

135. LABYRINTH

1] pursuit 2] obstruction 3] industry

4] maze 5] intent



16 IMS-38-TEST-112

DIRECTIONS for questions 151 to 155: Each question has two statements followed

by four conclusions. Mark the option where the conclusion logically follows from

the two statements.

151. A. Some cushions are soft.

B. All pillows are soft.

Conclusion I : Some comfortable pillows are cushions.

Conclusion II : Some pillows are not cushions.

Conclusion III : No cushion is a pillow.

Conclusion IV : Some comfortable cushions may be pillows.

1] Only I follows 2] I and III follow 3] II and IV follow

4] Only III follows 5] None follow

152. A. Some actors are superstars.

B. All actors are artistes.

Conclusion I : Some artistes are actors.Conclusion II : Some superstars are artistes.

Conclusion III : Some artistes may be super stars.

Conclusion IV : Some superstars are not artistes.

1] I and III follow 2] Only I follows 3] Only II follows

4] I and IV follow 5] Only III follows

153. A. Some parents are strict.

B. All parents are teachers.

Conclusion I : All teachers are strict.

Conclusion II : Some teachers are parents.

Conclusion III : Some teachers are strict.

Conclusion IV : Some teachers may be strict.

1] II and IV follow 2] Only IV follows 3] Only III follows4] I and II follow 5] Only II and III follow

154. A. Grass is green.

B. Trees are green.

Conclusion I : Grass is trees.

Conclusion II : Some green is grass.

Conclusion III : No grass is trees.

Conclusion IV : Some trees may be grass.

1] I and II follow 2] II and III follow 3] Only II follows

4] II and IV follow 5] Only IV follows



17 IMS-38-TEST-112

155. A. Lata and Asha are singers.

B. Asha is also a dancer.

Conclusion I : Lata is not a dancer.

Conclusion II : Some singers are dancers.

Conclusion III : All dancers are singers.

Conclusion IV : Lata may be a dancer.

1] Only II follows 2] Only I follows 3] III and IV follow

4] II and III follow 5] II and IV follow

DIRECTIONS for questions 171 to 175: Choose the option that is CLOSEST in meaning

to the capitalized word.

171. PROLIX1] bookish 2] musical 3] lengthy 4] repetitive 5] fecund

172. INCORRIGIBLE

1] dependable 2] principled 3] reasonable

4] uncorrectable 5] unapproachable

173. PROMETHEAN

1] creative 2] enormous 3] gigantic

4] weary 5] providential

174. AMELIORATE

1] indulge 2] improve 3] enable

4] remove 5] discard

175. DIAPHANOUS

1] double 2] sickly 3] drawn

4] delicate 5] diabolic

DIRECTIONS for questions 176 to 180: Choose the option that is OPPOSITE in meaning

to the capitalized word.

176. GRATUITOUS

1] voluntary 2] indispensable 3] insolent

4] susceptible 5] complimentary



18 IMS-38-TEST-112

177. APATHETIC

1] lost 2] synthetic 3] enthusiastic

4] even-tempered 5] pathetic

178. OPAQUE

1] thick 2] clear 3] permeable

4] turgid 5] diffuse

179. BRASH

1] diffident 2] venal 3] depraved

4] recalcitrant 5] disingenuous

180. UNEQUIVOCAL

1] ambiguous 2] affable 3] similar

4] equal 5] angry

DIRECTIONS for questions 196 to 200: Read the passage below and answer the questions

that follow.

Cloning is a much-maligned topic, even amongst the educated, the elite and the intelligentsia.

Most of the opposition stems from unfounded fear, misplaced moral and ethical indignation.

Few people understand the dire medical need for cloning in a large number of infertile

couples. Cloning seems to be the only option now for them to achieve their biological

children.

Cloning, it has been claimed, is still not a perfect technique. No medical technique was

perfect when it was initiated. The technique was improved upon over time. For cloning

to improve, research work must go on with donated oocytes.

Cloning is now well established in veterinary practice. The number of species cloned is

ever increasing. Ten species have so far been cloned. Dolly was born after 277 oocytes

were subjected to cloning. Since then, cloning efficiency has increased remarkably and today

the success rate is around 15 per cent. Seventy five percent of cloned animals are observed

to be healthy. Cloned animals have mated successfully and produced healthy litters.

This is the right moment to start research work on `human reproductive cloning'. It maytake several years before a healthy human clone can be produced. We must keep our

minds open to reproductive cloning as one of the options for couples with otherwise

incurable infertility.



19 IMS-38-TEST-112

There are a large group of non-obstructive azoospermic men in whom no viable spermatozoa

or haploid sperm precursors could be obtained from their testes. These men can have a biological

child only by cloning unless haploidisation (making a germ cell) becomes an established technique.

Similarly, for several women who have gone in for premature ovarian failure due to chromosomal

or other causes, the only hope to achieve motherhood would be by cloning unless haploidisation

becomes a reality.

It has been argued that cloning produces carbon copies of individuals. Clones are no more

identical than naturally occurring identical twins; if anything, they are less identical. The mi-

tochondrial genome of clones is different from the parent. Although the natural clones have

identical genomes, they do not have identical phenotypes and behaviour. It has been well

documented that cloned animals are different from the parent, in both physical features and

behaviour.

Extrapolating animal data may be insufficient to claim human cloning and will also be inefficient.

There is a huge interspecies variation in the success rate of several assisted reproductive

technologies. There are indications to suggest that many of the anomalies seen in animal

work may not be present with human species. New research from Duke University Medical

Centre suggests that cloning human beings may not be as difficult as cloning livestock and

other animals.

The major stumbling block to research on human reproductive cloning today is the scientists

themselves. It is true that cloning is still not a perfect technique. So were most of the medical

techniques when they were introduced. Renal transplant was not a perfect technique when

it was introduced. Several patients died before the technique became successful. The inventors

of the technique were labelled as murderers though they went on to receive the Nobel Prize

later on. Similarly, the first cardiac transplant patient lived for just 23 days! Lesley Brown

was told that she had a one in million chance of having a test tube baby. She pursued

that one in a million chance and today we have more than a million IVF babies in the world.

Would society accept a clone? The same issue was raised more than 26 years back, with

IVF. Prof. Edwards was told that their work on IVF was "unethical medical experimentation

on possible future human beings and therefore it is subject to absolute moral prohibition".

Millions of babies have been born by ART and have been accepted by society. Regardless

of the ethical, legal and moral issues, society will accept things which are of common good.

196. The author's primary purpose in the above passage is:

1] to advocate the safety of the cloning process.

2] to present a case on behalf of infertile couples.3] to present a case in defence of human reproductive cloning.

4] to advocate the cause of continued research in cloning and its application to

human reproductive concerns.

5] to make an impassioned plea on behalf of the medical fraternity for continued

research in cloning.



20 IMS-38-TEST-112

197. Why are the scientists themselves wary about cloning?

1] They feel that they are likely to burn their own fingers in the process.

2] They are not yet convinced about the safety and efficacy of cloning.3] They do not feel that infertile couples are a significant chunk of the population

who could benefit from cloning.

4] They are not interested in research which does not directly concern them.


198. The author of the above passage is most likely to be:

1] an andrologist. 2] a scientist.

3] a researcher. 4] a geneticist.

5] cannot be determined.

199. According to the author, why should we pursue cloning even though it is not a perfect

technique?1] It offers the best hope for a large section of childless couples.

2] Most new procedures were imperfect to start with.

3] Scientific development cannot be hampered by legislation by humans.

4] Society will always accept any procedure regardless of the human cost as long

as it is beneficial.

5] There might be additional spin-offs of the technique which are not evident as yet.

200. In what way are clones less identical than twins?

1] Twins are created naturally and not in a laboratory.

2] Twins have genes of both parents whereas clones are created from a single

individual.

3] The mitochondrial genome of clones is different from the parent.4] Clones can be created from anyone whereas not everyone can have twins.


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