mobility performance analysis of the ben schoeman …
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2014/09/22 SARF/IRF 2014 – South Africa 1 SARF/IRF 2014 | 2-4 September, South Africa
MOBILITY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
OF THE BEN SCHOEMAN FREEWAY:
BEFORE AND AFTER GFIP
Raelize DU PLOOY
Aurecon (Pty) Ltd
012 427 3277
SARF/IRF 2014 | 2-4 September, South Africa
2
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Mobility performance measures
3. Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project
(GFIP)
4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway
5. Conclusion
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1. Introduction
1.1 South African context
– Economic growth
– Increased vehicle ownership
– Urbanisation
– Inadequate public transport
– Backlog in road upgrades and maintenance
Con
ge
stio
n in
So
uth
Afr
ica
Severe Traffic Congestion
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1. Introduction 1
.2 S
tud
y O
bje
ctive
s
1.2 Study objectives
– Impact of GFIP on traffic congestion for
Brakfontein to Buccleuch interchanges using
mobility performance measures
– Value of using mobility measures to assess
change in traffic conditions over time.
– Impact of e-toll on congestion levels
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2. Mobility performance measures
2.1 Background
– Definition
• Set of indices to measure traffic congestion
• Based on TRAVEL TIME, taking into account travel distance,
traffic flow, vehicle occupancy
• Relative to an optimum (target or free flow conditions)
• Formalised by Texas A&M Transportation Institute in 2005
– Advantages
• Quantitative values easily compared in time and space
• Improvements well reflected
• Per road section, corridor, route, network
• Able to combine impact of all modes
• Easily understood by public
2.1
Ba
ckg
rou
nd
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2. Mobility performance measures
2.2 Classification
– Individual measures
• Intensity experience by each road user
• Reliability of arriving on time
– Absolute measures
• Cumulative impact - representative of study area
• Extent of congestion
• Related to economic impact
INDIVIDUAL MEASURES ABSOLUTE MEASURES
Travel Time Index (TTI) Total Delay [Person-Hours].
Delay Per Person km [Person-minutes] Congested Travel [km]
Delay Per Km [Person-hours] Percentage of Congested Travel [%]
Buffer Index (BI) Congested Travel [Person-kms]
Planning Time Index (PTI) Congested Travel [Person-hours]
2.2
Cla
ssific
atio
n
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2. Mobility performance measures
2.3 Travel Time Index (TTI) • Compares travel time during peak times to ideal conditions
* VMT : vehicle miles traveled (vehicle km traveled used in this study)
• TTI ≤ 1 : congestion free travel
• 1 < TTI < 2 : Acceptable
• TTI ≥ 2 : Traffic breakdown, congested, gridlock
2.3
Tra
ve
l T
ime
In
de
x
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2. Mobility performance measures
• Evaluation of Travel Time Index (TTI)
2.3
Tra
ve
l T
ime
In
de
x
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2. Mobility performance measures
2.4 Implementation
• US (since before 2005)
– Government initiative for all major cities
– Comparison annually and between cities
• RSA (2008)
– University Stellenbosch study (Loubser & Bester SATC 2009)
– Comparison of Gauteng (Brakftn to Buccleuch) to Cape
Town (Koeberg to Stellenberg)
• Global Reporting (since 2009, 2010)
– TomTom : based on GPS data
– Annually for major cities in Europe, The Americas, China,
Australia, New Zealand and RSA
2.4
Im
ple
me
nta
tio
n
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3. Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project (GFIP)
3.1 Project info • Launched 2007 by SANRAL,
supported by DOT
• Scope:
– Widening freeways (addition of some 585 km lanes)
– Upgrading interchanges (34 significant upgrades)
– Cross roads improvements
– Median lighting
– Intelligent transport systems
– Open-road tolling system
• Completion Phase 1 : 2012
• Tolling implementation: 1 Dec 2013
3.1
Pro
ject In
fo
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3. Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project (GFIP)
– Ben Schoeman : Brakfontein to Buccleuch Interchange
• Traditionally one of worst
congested road sections
• Included in 2008 study
• Mobility performance calculated
for 2000 – 2007
• Conditions intolerable
– GFIP Upgrades :
• Additional lanes
• Additional ramps
• Widened crossings
• Interchange upgrades
3.1
Pro
ject In
fo
648
OLIFANTSFONTEIN
ALLANDALE
NEW ROAD
SAMRAND
OLD JHB
BUCCLEUCH
BRAKFONTEIN
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3. Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project (GFIP)
3.2
Upg
rad
es: B
en
Sch
oe
ma
n
2
2
2
2
BRAKFONTEIN 2006
3
3
3
2013
2
2
2006
Upgrades: Additional lanes on N1
and ramps
Upgrades: Additional lanes on N1
Auxiliary lanes on cross
road.
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
BRAKFONTEIN
OLD JHB ROAD
2013 2006
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3. Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project (GFIP)
3.2
Upg
rad
es: B
en
Sch
oe
ma
n
Upgrades: Additional lanes on N1
Bride widening Auxiliary lanes on cross
road
ANNANDALE RD
2013 2006
OLIFANTSFONTEIN RD
2013 2006
3
3
3
3
4
4
2
2
1
1
Upgrades: Additional lanes on N1 Reconstruction of complete
intersection including 4 new
bridges
5
4
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4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway 4
.1 S
ou
rce
da
ta
4.1 Source Data
– Electronic traffic counts
– Revisits 2008 study – adding indices for 2013
– Most congested conditions
• South bound (PTA – JHB)
• Morning peak
– Traffic flows
• Significant increases between 2007 and 2013
• Annandale - Buccleuch link up to 4000 veh/h)
– Average hourly speeds
• Increase in peak time speeds
• Up to 30 km/h for Old JHB – Samrand link
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4. Study of Performance of Ben Schoeman 4
.1 S
ou
rce
da
ta
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4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway 4
.2 T
raff
ic g
row
th
4.2 Traffic growth
Length
of link
[km]
AADT [veh] Annual
Growth
[%] 2007 2013
Brakfontein
to Old JHB 3.3 135,305 160,189 2.85%
Old JHB to
Samrand 2.8 112,920 143,612 4.09%
Samrand to
Olifantsftn 3.1 133,745 169,236 4.00%
Olifantsftn to
New Road 3.0 140,508 175,268 3.75%
New Road to
Annandale 4.1 146,963 182.559 3.68%
Annandale to
Buccleuch 4.1 179,277 211,920 2.83%
Weighted Average 144,019 176,472 3.44%
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4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway 4
.3 R
esu
lts o
f d
ata
an
aly
sis
4.3 Results of data analysis
– Travel time indices (TTIs)
• 2013 values compared to previous study (2000 to
2007)
• Case 1: Peak period from 6h00 AM to 9h00 AM
(south bound)
• Case 2: Peak hour from 7h00 AM to 8h00 AM
(south bound)
Cumulative impact
Worst case conditions
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4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway 4
.3 R
esu
lts o
f d
ata
an
aly
sis
Case 1: 6h00 to 9h00 Case 2: 7h00 to 8h00
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4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway 4
.3 R
esu
lts o
f d
ata
an
aly
sis
– Reduction in TTIs for all road sections
– Case 1: 6h00 to 9h00
• 2007: values above critical value of 2
• 2013: all values below 2
• Delays less than in 2000
– Case 2: 7h00 to 8h00
• 2007: values as high as 4
• 2013: all values below 2
– However, still close to critical level
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4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway 4
.3 R
esu
lts o
f d
ata
an
aly
sis
– Actual TTIs and forecasted TTIs (Goba 2006)
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4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway 4
.3 R
esu
lts o
f d
ata
an
aly
sis
– All mobility performance indicators for
south bound AM peak period
Mobility
Performance
Measure
Unit
Average over road
section % change
2007 2013
INDIVIDUAL
TTI - 2.05 1.46 -28%
Delay per hour driven/veh Vehicle-minutes 63 28 -55%
Total Delay Vehicle-Hours 2,856 1,829 -36%
Total Delay Person-Hours 3,427 2,194 -36%
Delay Per Person km Person-Minutes 3.6 1.4 -61%
ABSOLUTE
Congested Travel Person-km 390,364 560,697 44%
Congested Travel km 20.3 20.3 0%
% of Cong. Travel Percent 100 100 0%
Annual Economic cost:
2007: R255 Million
2013: R163 Million
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4. Performance of Ben Schoeman Freeway 4
.3 R
esu
lts o
f d
ata
an
aly
sis
– Impact of e-tolling (1 Dec 2013)
• Impact phased out by May 2014
Flow: Speed:
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5. Conclusions 5
. C
on
clu
sio
ns
• Average hourly peak flows and speeds for
the AM peak have significantly increased;
• Travel Time Indices improved to below
critical levels;
• E-tolling initially impacted on traffic
conditions;
• Mobility performance measures practical
solution of congestion measurement.
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Aknowledgements
• Study conducted with the permission of
SANRAL
• Micros Traffic Monitoring for providing
electronic traffic data
THANK YOU
Raelize DU PLOOY Aurecon (Pty) Ltd
012 427 3277