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MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS:5G ACTIVITIES AND TECHNOLOGY IN KOREA
Youngnam HanProfessor, DoEE, KAISTChair, Steering Committee, 5G Forum [email protected]
5G R&D PLAN IN KOREA
– Period: ’14 ~ ’20 (7 years)
– Budget: 1.6 Trillion Won (US 1.5 Billion $) by public private joint investment
5G MASTER Strategy
Market Activator Standard Frontier
Technology Leader
Ecosystem Renovator
’15.12 ’17.12 ’20.12
Pre-5G Service → 5G Trial Service →5G Commercial
Service
‘Creative 5G Mobile Strategy’ (Jan. 22, 2014)
by Korean Government (MSIP) to roll out 5G network
Public private partnership to promote 5G Mobile communications R&D
• Established May 30, 2013, Seoul (www.5gforum.org)
Members
• Private sector: Operators, Equipment (Handset, Network) vendors, SMEs
• Research institutes, Academia & Public Organization: ETRI, IITP, GiGa KF, KAIST, SNU, etc.
• Global Companies: Nokia, Qualcomm, Intel, R&S, Keysight Tech (Ex. Agilent) etc.
5G FORUM
Global Leadership and Promotion in 5G Mobile Communication toward 2020
Development of5G vision and services
Studies onspectrum aspects
Identification ofpotential technologies
Collaborationfor global
harmonization
Bridge between industries and government
5G ForumMission & Objectives
5G FORUM: VISION & MISSION
Secretariat
Wireless Technology Subcommittee
Global StrategySubcommittee
Spectrum Subcommittee
Service Subcommittee
Steering Committee
Executive Board
Advisory CounselAuditor
Network Technology Subcommittee
5G FORUM: ORGANIZATION
5G FORUM: MAJOR ACTIVITIES
1st Year: (~2013.12)• MoU with IMT2020 PG, China• MoU with 2020B AH, Japan• Promotion for 5G
ITU-R WP5D Workshop
2nd Year: (~2014.12)• MoU with 5GPPP, EU• 5G Global Summit, Oct., 2014, Busan • Joint Research Projects with IMT2020 Promotion Group• Publication of 5G White Papers on
Service Enabling Technologies Spectrum
TEMPLATE: ITU-R WP 5D
ParameterUser
experienced data rate
Peak
data rate
Mobility LatencyConnection
density
Energy efficiency
Spectrum efficiency
Traffic volume density/
Areal traffic
Capacity
Value for future IMT
100 Mbit/s
– 1Gbit/s
10 – 50 Gbit/s
500km/h
1 msec(radio
interface)
106 – 107/Km2
or use relative numbers
50 -100 or more
X
IMT-Adv.
(for network)
TBD
5X IMT-Adv.
[1-10 TB/s/Km2
or use relative
numbers
– TBD]
8 KPIs
5G SERVICE REQUIREMENTS
Low power BS
Motion Games
UHD-TV, Hologram
Traffic Safety
Hyper-connectivity
Hyper-mobility
Hyper-accuratepositioning
Hyper-efficientenergy utilization
Remote Healthcare
Stadium & Shopping mall
High speed Train
Hyper-reliability
Hyper-cost effectiveness
Avionic Cellular
Hyper-fastresponse
Hyper-speedtransmission
SensorsIoE
RRH
Technology Vision
1 Gbps/user anytime anywhere with hyper-connectivity in 2020s
Connecting human & things
Multi-Giga servicesfor hologram & multi-view
Immersive service
1G: FDMA
• Frequency reuse• Cellular
2G: TDMA &
CDMA• Power Control• Diversity
3G: WCDMA• Asynchronous cell
search (w/o GPS)
4G: OFDMA• Cooperative
Communication• Massive MIMO
Mobile Communication Generations
INTRODUCTION: MODULATION/CODING
PN Sequence
DS/SSFH/SS
2G 5G3G
Smart code(repetition)
4G
OCQPSK
ST coding
MIMO
3G
Turbo code(repetition)
OC-QPSK
ST coding/MIMO
MU-MIMO/Massive MIMO
1G
QPSK/DQPSK
H-ARQ
Relay/Network Coding
M-QAM
INTRODUCTION: NETWORK TOPOLOGY
Macrocell
2G
Soft/Softer HO
Power Control
5G3G
Smart code(repetition)
4G
OCQPSK
ST coding
MIMO
3G
Micro/Pico cell
Cooperative/ Relay
Frequency reuse
(cellular)
CoMP/eICIC
/F-eICIC
femtocell
FFR
1G
HetNet/Vertical HO
TECHNOLOGY: NETWORK
* EPC: Evolved Packet Core
Circuit Switching
Circuit/Packet Switching
Packet Switching
Shared Control Dedicated Data
Shared Data/Control Dedicated DataDedicated Control
Cf. C-RAN/D-RANTCP/IP
EPC for 4G
H/W Dependent H/W Independent
NFV/SDN
Physical Limit
C= BW·log(1+���(��, N0, I))
Spectrum
InterferenceTransmitPower
Single-stream Capacity by C. Shannon
RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Frequency Reuse
• Fixed/Dynamic Sectorization• Channel Allocation• Flexible frequency reuse (FFR)
Power Control
• Near-far problem• Rise-over-thermal (I0/N) control for capacity• Interference management
Diversity
• Spectral: OFDM• Spatial: Handoff, (MU-, Massive, Compact)
MIMO• Temporal: Inter-leaving, H-ARQ
POWER CONTROL
Near-far Problem
* Max. Capacity (Uplink)
- Same Received Power@BS
* Graceful Degradation
for capacity
* Interference control
MACRO (SPATIAL) DIVERSITY: SOFT HANDOFF
RSSI(SNR)
T-ADD
T-DROP
Req. SNR
Objective
Smaller cell -> MS as personal BS
BS 1 BS 2
MACRO DIVERSITY: SOFT HANDOFF
i
ii i ii
jj ( i)
From
C= BW log
S C= α BW log 1+ , where α= 1
I+N
S1+
I+N
to
Diversity: Selection, MRC, Weighted, Equal gain combining, etc..
NETWORK DIVERSITY IN M-RAT
�∈
i,j i,ji,j
i,ji,j ntwks (i,j)(i,j)
i,ji,j
with (i,j) exclusive of i and j, w / o same cell interference)
:orthogonality
(
To (HetNet)
α S C= BW log 1+ ,
I +N
where α = 1
NETWORK DIVERSITY IN M-RAT
k
i,j i,ji,j
i,j,kk i,j ∈ ntwks (i,j)(i,j)
αS C = BW log 1+ ,
I +N
with frequency allocation k.
w/Dynamic Spectrum Allocation
- 30 -
Core Network: Technical Requirements
Seamless mobility
Multi-RAT interworking
Wired/wireless terminal switching
Network on-demand
Context-aware best connection
Single ID for multiple access
Fine-grained location tracking
Distributed architecture
Inter-GW mobility
Flexible reconfiguration & upgrade
Bottom-upRequirements
Top-down Requirements
EnhancementRequirements
B1
B2
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
E1
E2
E3
Core
Network
Technical
Requirements
Core Network: Architecture
- To cover both wireline and wireless accesses- Control plane separated from data plane- Fully distributed network architecture with single level of hierarchy- GW-to-GW interface for seamless mobility between 5G-GW- Traffic of the same flow over multiple RAT- BS/GW co-located content/service cache to support low latency service
Requirements & Key Features
5G-GW Data Plane
5G-GWData plane Internet
MacroBS
Wire-line Terminal
Logical GW
Virtualized Control Plane
5G Services
AP
Policy &Charging
AAALocation
Mgmt
Mobility
D2D
Fine GrainGeo Loc.
…Radio InfoResource
Status & Topo.
Small CellBS
Relay station
Type1 WLAN
Type2 WLAN
Sensor
Net. Virtualization Control
(e.g., SDN controller)
Macro Cell
D2D
D2D
M2M service
…
Personal Cell RRHContent &
ServiceCache
ContentCache
B1
T1
T2
T3T4
B2
T5
E3
E1
E2
B1: Seamless mobilityB2: Multi-RAT interworkingT1: Wired/wireless terminal switching T2: Network on demandT3: Context-aware best connectionT4: Single ID for multiple accessT5: Fine grained location trackingE1: Distributed architectureE2: Inter-GW mobilityE3: Flexible reconfiguration & upgrade
Core Network: Design Objectives
DesignObjectives
Enabling TechnologiesRequirements to consider
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
B1 B2 E1 E2
E3
Highly Flexible 5G
Core Infrastructure
Flexible service chaining for future mobile services √ √
Optimal virtualization of mobile core control functions √ √
Dynamic open control protocol for mobile core network √ √
Flat & Distributed
Network
Virtualized logical GW with distributed switch √ √
Dynamic mobility anchoring for seamless inter-GW HO √ √
Signaling mitigation for always-on-applications and IoT √ √
Converged Access
Control & Transport
Access control & authentication based on unified ID √
Multi-RAT carrier aggregation √ √
HetNet/Multiple RAT mobility control √ √
Integrated resource management and control √ √ √ √
Access condition-aware content delivery √ √ √
T1 Wired and wireless terminal switching
T2 Network on-demand
T3 Context aware best connection
T4 Singe ID for multiple access
T5 Fine grained location tracking
B1 Seamless Mobility B2 Multiple RAT interworking
E1 Distributed Architecture
E2 Inter GW mobility E3 Flexible Reconfigure & Upgrade
Design Objectives & Enabling Technologies
Core Network: Enabling Technologies (1) Virtualization for Highly Flexible Core Infrastructure
Technology Overview
Mobile cloud network• On-demand resource partition/ allocation/ management
(Mobile as a Service)• Cloud RAN virtualization/RAN sharing and mobile core
node virtualization
Smart content delivery network• Radio-aware streaming delivery (e.g. DASH)• Content-aware delivery• Follow-me cloud (e.g. LBS-based)
Difficult deployment of new services• Not support cloud network concept/ IMS depression/
appearance of 3rd Party service
No profit model for mobile operators• Just “bit pipe” network with high OPEX & CPEX
Inefficient content delivery network• Bottleneck in mobile core for massive multimedia
contents• Transmission delay through core networks
Motivation
- Mobile as a Service (MaaS)
Core Network: Enabling Technologies (2) Virtualization for Highly Flexible Core Infrastructure
- SDN-based EPC virtualization: EPC over SDN
Control plane (S/W) & data plane (H/W) in the same system
• Difficult to add a new service• High upgrade cost• Slow in reaction to the network state change
Control plane & data plane separated and implemented as an independent system
• Easy to add a variety of services• Low cost for the network upscale, only requiring data plane switches• Flexible in reaction to the network state change
Core Network: Enabling Technologies (3) Distributed Architecture for Handling Traffic & Signaling Explosion
Ultra flat architecture with logical GW and distributed SW • Ultra flat data plane architecture • Mobile core signaling using distributed cloud • Distributed signaling with detection & control of signaling explosion
Technology Overview
Hierarchical EPC Architecture using fixed P-GW is not scalable for traffic explosion• Distributed data plane for solving traffic explosion problem• Accommodate signaling explosion using virtualization
technologies in distributed manner• Need to convert to the distributed architecture
Motivation
Core Network: Enabling Technologies (4) Unified Access Control & Transport
Technology Overview
Convergence of multiple accesses • Optimal convergent network design• Unified access control/ authentication/ security-
key distribution• Optimal functional block design for multiple
accesses• Efficient handover to support optimal routing
path on multi-RATs • Common radio resource management
Difficult to interwork among heterogeneous/Multi radio access• Independent identifier • Different access method and authentication• Multiple auth-key and security session Service
continuity on edge core GW• Inefficient access control and data routing path• Independent radio resource management at
each RAT
Motivation
AS-IS
- Unified access control
To-Be
Core Network: Enabling Technologies (5)
Technology Overview
Peer-level multi-path management• Multi-APN support
GW-level multi-path management• Semi-static multi radio resource and session management
Multi-RAT Resource aggregation• Lossless handover on multi-RAT handover• Dynamic scheduling on multi radio resource
Only support a simple handover method between multi-RATs• Network-controlled handover based on radio
conditions• Difficult to support user preference• Deficiency of optimal RAT selection algorithm
Motivation
Peer
CGW
CGW
MacroBS
Type 2 WLAN
Type 1 WLAN
UE
Muti-RAT carrier aggregation
GW-level multi-path management
Peer-level multi-path management
Unified Access Control & Transport - Multi-RAT
Wireless Network: Technical Requirements
Wireless Network Requirements by 10 KPIs
Cell spectral efficiency[bps/Hz/Cell]
Peak data rate[Gbps]
Cell edge user data rate[Gbps]
Areal capacity[bps/km2]
Energy efficiency[J/bit]
Positioning[cm]
Reliability[%, ms]
Latency[ms]
Mobility[km/h]
Connectivity[numbers/km2]
Handover interruption time[ms]
10
50
1 1
600
10
1
300
60
7.5M2.6
Index Requirement Value
R1 Cell spectralefficiency
DL: 10 bps/Hz/cellUL: 5 bps/Hz/cell
R2 Peak data rateDL: 50 GbpsUL: 25 Gbps
R3 Cell edgeuser data rate
DL: 1 GbpsUL: 0.5 Gbps
R4 LatencyControl plane: 50 msUser plane: 1 ms
R5 Mobility 500 km/h
R6 Handoverinterruption time
10 ms
R7 Areal capacity [TBD]
R8 Energy efficiency [TBD]
R9 Connectivity [1000 times]
R10 Positioning [a few cm]
Category Enabling Technologies5G RAN Requirements
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10
Wide and Flexible
Bandwidth Technology
Millimeter-wave Band Communication
Spectrum Integration
Integrated Tx/Rx with WLAN and WPAN
Cognitive radio and spectrum sharing
Advanced
Transmission
Technology
Modulation Advanced modulation: FQAM
Waveform FBMC
GFMC
Duplexing In-band full duplexing
Multiple Access NOMA
SCMA
Large-scale Antenna
Large-scale antenna below 6GHz
Large-scale antenna above 6GHz
Advanced Interference Management
Access Architecture-
related Technology
Advanced Dense Small Cell
Virtualized RAN
Enhanced Wireless Backhaul
Advanced Relay
Moving Network
Device-to-Device (D2D) communication
Massive Connectivity
R1: Cell Spectral Efficiency R4: Latency R8: Energy EfficiencyR2: Peak Data Rate R5: Mobility R9: ConnectivityR3: Cell Edge User Data Rate R6: Handover Interruption Time R10: Positioning
R7: Areal Capacity
Wireless Network: Enabling Technologies (1)
Overview
Candidate Technologies
1. Wide & Flexible Bandwidth Technologies
- Millimeter-wave Band- Spectrum integration- Cognitive radio & spectrum sharing
2. Advanced TransmissionTechnologies
- Advanced modulation: FQAM- Waveform design: FBMC
3. Duplexing - In-band full duplexing
4. Multiple Access - Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)
5. Large Scale Antenna - Large scale antenna below 6GHz- Large scale antenna above 6GHz
6. Advanced Interference Management - Advanced receiver for simultaneous non-unique decoding
7. Access Architecture-related Technologies
- Advanced small cell- Enhanced wireless backhaul- Advanced relay- Moving network- Device-to-device communication- Massive connectivity
Wireless Network: Enabling Technologies (2) Overview
5G ENABLING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES: (I)
Frequency band
4G frequencies(up to 100 MHz)
mmWave based NRAT(1 GHz)
Peak data rate 1Gbps Peak data rate >50 Gbps
User plane latency 10ms User plane latency 1ms
(>50 Gbps per Cell)
5G ENABLING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES: (III)
BS
MS 3
MS 1
MS 2
Subcarrier Index (Frequency)
MS 3
MS 1
MS 2
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access
Po
wer
strong channel user (scu) low tx power
weak channel user (wcu) high tx power
NOMA for Channel Adaptation
5G ENABLING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES (IV)
Inside vehicle Smallcell
Sub 6 GHz access link
mDU
mGW
Public Internet
TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY: 5G FORUM
Channel PHY RRC/RRM Network
User experience data rate
3D-beamformingFSK-QAM (FQAM)
NOMA, CoMP, F-eICIC
Moving small cell
Peak data rate More/higher BW, CA Massive MIMO NOMA, CoMP, F-eICIC
Small cell/HetNet
Spectrum efficiency
In-band Full Duplexing (IBFD)
Small cell/HetNet
Energy efficiency ON/OFF, Load-dependent Cell operation
Connection density
M-RAT Small cell/HetNet
Latency Shorter TTI Vertical Handover C-RAN/D-RAN
Mobility Vertical Handover CoMP, F-eICIC
Moving Wireless Backhaul
CONCLUSIONS
Global Cooperation
Spectrum Issues, Research, Development, and Standardization
Schedule: Operators, Vendors for Consumers
Vision and Requirements
Technology
Evolution in Spectrum Usage, CAI and/or Network
Massive MIMO in mmWAVE?
Fiber Wireless (FiWi) and/or NFV/SDN for Network
How much disruptive is revolution?
Any new/innovative idea in wireless environment?