mobile communication and internet technologies introductory lecture
TRANSCRIPT
MOBILE COMMUNICATION AND
INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES
Introductory Lecture
http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/AUT2014/teMCITms/
COURSE ADMINISTRATION Instructor: Dr. Adeel Akram ([email protected])
Course Coordinator: Mr. Munir Abbas ([email protected])
Course web page: http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/
Schedule Tuesdays 6pm to 9pm
THE NEW INTERNET In the last few years, the Internet has moved beyond the three "classical" services of email, file transfer and remote login. This course covers emerging Internet multimedia services, their technical background and open issues in depth. The course will cover the following areas with reference to their applications over wireless communication infrastructure: Internet architecture review
Multicast routing and address allocation
Properties of real-time services
QoS: Resource reservation and differentiated services
Packet scheduling
Audio and video coding
Streaming audio and video
Adaptive applications
Internet telephony
Media-on-demand and content distribution networks (CDNs)
Conference control
Mobility (mobile IP and other technologies)
e-Commerce
Pervasive Computing
Internet of Things
COURSE OBJECTIVE
We aim to study existing Internet technologies that have evolved with the passage of time for provision of classical services to a level where they provide same services to a large number of users without compromising on performance, security, privacy and reliability.
The course focusses on how internet services have been modified to provide similar services to mobile wireless users that were originally envisioned for the static wired clients.
Discussion on new avenues that have emerged with the advent of newer wireless devices and communication platforms that will utilize internet technologies to serve mobile applications transforming at run time according to user’s demands.
COURSE TEXT BOOK
Management Information System 12th Edition
Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon
WHAT IS COMMERCE? Middle French, from Latin commercium, fromcom- (together)+ merc- (merchandise) (1537) “The exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place.”
Buying and selling ( transactions )
Large scale ( scalability )
Transportation ( supply chain )
Every business process in the world must bere-engineered: “Can it be made electronic?”
NEED TECHNOLOGYTO SUPPORTALL OF THESE
COMMERCE (8000 B.C.)
BUYERFINDS
SELLER
NEGOTIATION
PAYMENT
SALE
DELIVERY
POST-SALEACTIVITY
SELECTIONOF GOODS
INFORMATION
PHYSICAL+INFORMATI
ON
ECOMMERCEBUYERFINDS
SELLER
NEGOTIATION
PAYMENT
SALE
DELIVERY
POST-SALEACTIVITY
SELECTIONOF GOODS
SEARCH ENGINE
SHOPPING BOT
AGGREGATOR
ON-LINE CATALOG
AUTOMATED AGENTS
TRACKING AGENT
ON-LINE HELP
INTERNET TELEPHONY
CUSTOMER PREFERENCES
BARGAINING STRATEGIES
PRICE SENSITIVITIES
CREDIT/PAYMENT INFORMATION
ON-LINE PROBLEM REPORTS
FOLLOW-ON SALES OPPORTUNITIES
SOME TECHNOLOGIES USED: SOME INFORMATION GATHERED:
BROWSING BEHAVIOR
DELIVERY REQUIREMENTSE-PAYMENT SYSTEMS
CONFIGURATOR
RECOMMENDER AGENT
TRANSACTION PROCESSOR
DATA INTERCHANGE
CRYPTOGRAPHY
BROWSER SHARING
MARKET BASKET
PERSONAL DATA
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
SEARCH BEHAVIOR
EFFECTIVENESS OF PROMOTIONS
INFORMATION
PHYSICAL+INFORMATI
ON
Voice(IVR, ACD)
Direct Interaction
SalesAuto.
MarketingAuto.
Mobile Sales(Prod. CFG)
FieldService
Portal/Extranet
EDI
Finance.DM
HRDM
Prod.DM
DW
Closed-Loop Processing(EAI Toolkits, ETLM Tools, Embedded Mobile Agents)
Cust.DM
OrderDM
S2S
Colla
bora
tive S
CM
Colla
bora
tive C
RM
Operational
SCM ERP CRM
Conf.
WebStorefront
Collab.Planning
Conf.
Mfg.Exec.
WHMgmt.
Trans.Mgmt.
Demand Planning
Trans.Planning
Distrib.Planning
SupplyPlanning
Mfg.Planning
KM/CM
Analytical
Svc.Auto.
LogisticsHRMfg. Finance
EmployeeSystems
Industry-Specific Solutions
Strategic Planning
LegacySystems
Employee SS
Fact. HH Devices
ProductMgmt.
OrderMgmt.
Web/Intranet
SOURCE: META GROUP
THE ELECTRONIC ENTERPRISE
ACD = AUTOMATIC CALL DISTRIBUTORCFG = CONFIGURATIONDM = DATA MININGDW = DATA WAREHOUSEETLM = EXTRACT, TRANSFORM, LOAD & MANAGEHH = HAND-HELDIVR = INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE
SUPPLY CHAINMANAGEMENT
ENTERPRISE RESOURCEPLANNING
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPMANAGEMENT
Manufacturers
Customers
LogisticsProviders
WholesaleDistributors
Suppliers
LogisticsProviders
ContractManufacturers
VirtualManufacturers
SupplierExchanges Logistics
Exchanges CustomerExchanges
Information Flow
Goods Flow
SOURCE: AMR RESEARCH (2000)
INTERNET-CONNECTED SUPPLY CHAIN
WHY E-COMMERCE? WHY NOW? Computers are faster 1973: 1 million instructions/sec 2013: 20 billion instructions/sec
Have more main memory 1973: 0.125 megabytes 2013: 2 gigabytes
Cost less 1973: $4,000,000 2013: $1,00
PROGRESS OF TECHNOLOGY Have more disk storage 1973: 10 MB 2013: 120,000 MB (soon 1 terabyte = 1000GB)
Higher communication speeds Human speech: 30 bits/sec 1973 Modem 300 bits/sec 2003 Modem: 56,000 bits/sec T1 line: 1,544,000 bits/sec DSL (high end) 7,000,000 bits/sec Internet 2: 1,000,000,000 bits/sec Optical 10,000,000,000,000 bits/sec in 1 fiber
(entire U.S. telephone traffic)
IMPROVEMENT: 12000 x
1973-2013IMPROVEMENT:30 BILLION x
INTERNET TECHNOLOGY TOPICS Infrastructure • Electronic payments
Wireless • Databases
Web Architecture • Mass personalization, CRM, Data Mining
Search engines • Privacy Technology
Cryptography • Enterprise Resource Planning
Network Security • Intelligent agents
Data interchange
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR E-COMMERCE What worldwide structure is required to support e-Commerce?
Network + communications
Machines
Software
Protocols
Security
Payment interface to banking systems
THE INTERNET The fundamental technology linking business and people around the world in less than 1 second Nothing competes with it
How does it work?
How big is it?
Who owns it? Who governs it?
How does it grow? How big can it get?
What architecture allows this?
What are the limitations?
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES & M-COMMERCE Can’t get (much) away from radio Differences between wireless and wired communication Cells, frequency allocations Shared medium: SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G Wireless LAN: IEEE 802.11 Bluetooth WAP, iMode Universal Wideband (UWB)
WEB ARCHITECTURE
SOURCE: INTERSHOP
How are web sites constructed?
TIER 1TIER 2Server
TIER 3Applications
TIER 4Database
SEARCH ENGINES Finding web pages Crawlers, spiders, bots
Query interfaces
Retrieval methods Indexing Document ranking Artificially altering retrieval order
Document clustering
Multilingual issues
Multimedia retrieval
CRYPTOGRAPHY Secrecy Information cannot be used if intercepted
Authentication We’re sure who the parties are
Integrity Data cannot be altered
Non-repudiation Sender cannot deny sending the message
Cryptography Symmetric encryption (DES, Rijndael) Public key cryptosystems (RSA) Digital signatures & certificates, public key infrastructure (PKI)
NETWORK SECURITY Access control authorization / authentication
Authentication something you know: passwords something you have: smart card something you are: biometrics someplace you are: GPS
Network protection, firewalls, proxy servers Intrusion detection Denial of service (DOS) attacks Viruses, worms
DATA INTERCHANGE How can sites exchange information without prior agreement? What do the data fields mean? price, extended price, unit price, prix, цена, τιμή, 가격
XML: Extensible Markup Language
How can machines communicate without humans?
How can data formats and structures be communicated? XML schemas Ontologies
eCommerce Data Exchange Needs
Ship Notices
Bills of Lading Electronic Payments
Purchase Orders
Invoices
RFQs Catalogs Quotations
Letters of Credit
ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS Forms of money token (cash), notational (bank account), hybrid (cheque)
Credit-card transactions Secure protocols: SSL, SET
Automated clearing and settlement systems PayPal
Smart cards, electronic cash, digital wallets
Micropayments
Wireless payments
Electronic invoice presentment and payment
Required course: Electronic Payment Systems (20-763)
DATABASES The relational database model
Query specification: SQL (Structured Query Language)
Database management
Databases in e-Commerce
Data warehousing
MASS PERSONALIZATION & DATA MINING Treating each user as an individual key is INFORMATION
How to acquire and store information about customers Cookies Question and response Clickstream analysis External databases
How to use information effectively and instantly
Personalization technology
Customization
DATA MINING Extracting previously unknown relationships from large datasets
Discovery of patterns
Predicting the future past behavior as predictor of future purchasing
Market basket analysis diapers/beer
DATA MINING TOOLS Visualization (“seeing” the data)
Predictive Modeling
Database Segmentation Classify the users
Link Analysis Association discovery
Neural networks Systems that learn from data
Deviation Detection Are any of the data unusual? Fraud detection
PRIVACY TECHNOLOGY Digital privacy & privacy threats
Technology P3P EPAL
Anonymity Mediation Digital pseudonyms (aliases)
ERP (ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING) & SCM (SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT)
The supply network
Collaboration models Vendor-managed inventory Scan-based trading
ERP functions and architecture
EAI (Enterprise Application Integration)
Web Services
AGENTS AND ELECTRONIC NEGOTIATION
Programs to perform tasks on your behalf
Avatars (characters in human form)
Meta-searchers, shopping bots, news agents, stock agents, auction bots, bank bots
How to make agents “intelligent” Rule-based systems Knowledge representation
Agents that learn Inductive inference
JULIA from CONVERSIVE
COOPERATING AGENTS
Semantic Web
Lucy’s agent retrieves informationabout Mom’s prescribed treatment
from the doctor’s agent.
Lucy’s agent looks up providers,checks for distance, authorization
and rating.Schedule a treatment plan using only authorized providers within a 20-milesand a rating of excellent or very good.
Lucy’s agent formulates a schedule of appointments for therapists thatfits into Pete and Lucy’s schedule.
SOURCE: WILLIAM HOLMES, LOCKHEED-MARTIN
Pete
Lucy
Doctor
M2M COMMERCE & AUCTION MODELS How can machines do business with other machines?
Electronic discovery
Electronic negotiation Auction strategy
The semantic Web
Q A&