MOBILE Ad-HOC NETWORK (MANET)

CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION• CHARACTERISTICS OF MANET• MECHANISM OF MANET• TRANSMISSION STANDARDS• ROUTING PROTOCOL• PROS AND CONS FOR MANET• MANET USAGE AREAS• CONCLUSION• FUTURE ASPECTS • REFERENCE

• Easy to Configure, Rapidly Deployable.• Existing Infrastructure not needed.• Wireless link.• Dynamic topology, Nodes are mobile.• A MANET is a type of Standalone network and also can be connected to an external network.

Example of MANET

Cellular vs. ad-hoc network Cellular Network Ad-Hoc Network

Infrastructure network. Infrastructure less network.

Fixed, pre-located cell sites and stations.

No base station and rapid deployment.

Detailed planning before setting up a base station.

Ad-hoc network automatically forms and adapt to changes.

High cost for setup. Low cost for setup.

Large setup time. Less setup time.

TYPES OF MANET• InVANETs – Intelligent Vehicular ad-hoc network make use of AI to tackle unexpected situation like vehicle collisions and accidents.

• VANETs – Vehicular ad hoc network enables effective communication with another vehicle or helps to communicate with roadside equipments.

• iMANET– Internet based Mobile ad hoc network helps to link , fixed as well as mobile nodes.

Characteristic of MANET

•MANET is classified in multihop and mobility.• Mobile nodes are characterized with less memory, weight, power and light features.• Required minimum human intervention to configure the network.

Mechanism for manet

• Multihop operation required for routing mechanism in different mobile nodes.• Internet access mechanism.• Mechanism to detect and act on , merging of existing network.• Self configuring network requires an address allocation mechanism.• Security mechanism.

Transmission standards• Piconet.• Home RF ( Radio Frequency ).• IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN WG ( Working Group ).• Bluetooth SIG ( Special Interest Group ).

-- These above use radio wave ,frequency band of around 2.4 GHz.• IrDA ( InfraRed Data Association )

-- Uses infrared instead of radio waves.

Piconet

• A general purpose, low-powered, ad-hoc network.

• It allows two devices near each other tointer-operate.

• These devices can be either mobile or fixed.

• The range is said to be reasonably short.

Home radio frequency

Uses Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) system

• carries both voice and data traffic.• inter-operate with the PSTN

(Public Switched Telephone Network)and the Internet.

• the range covers typical home and yard.

IEEE 802.11 wireless lan

The principles of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) are defined in IEEE 802.11 standard.

• It defines two different topologies:ad-hoc network and infrastructure network.

• This ad-hoc network is able to use only created wireless connection instead of fixed infrastructure.

Bluetooth• The code name for an open

specification for short-range wireless connectivity.

• Effortless, instant wireless connections between a wide range of communication devices in a small environment.

• The BT range restricts the environment to about 10 meters.

• Used in virtually any mobile device like that can have Bluetooth radios integrated into them.

IrDA• In-room cordless peripherals to host-

PC.• Maturity and standardization

activities advantage over radio.• Line-of-sight requirement

disadvantage.• Based on technology similar to the

remote control devices.• High-speed short range, point-to-

point cordless data transfer.

Routing protocols

• Self starting and self organizing.• Minimal network traffic overhead.• Rapid convergence. • Multihop and loop-free paths. Routing protocols falls in two categories:

Re-active Pro-active

Reactive routing protocol

• Initiative for finding routers does not take place.• Established routes “ on demand”.• Save energy and bandwidth during inactivity. Examples: AODV, DSR, etc.Pros and Cons :o Do not use bandwidth except when needed.o Initial in delay.

Proactive routing protocol•

•On demand flooding the route with RREP.• All routes are maintained all the time.• Low latency, suitable for real time traffic. Examples : DSDV, OLSR.Pros and Cons :o Routes are always available.o Bandwidth might get wasted due to periodic updates.

Protocols trade-off• Proactive protocols

– Always maintain routes .– Little or no delay for route determination.

– Consume bandwidth to keep routes up-to-date.

– Maintain routes which may never be used.

• Reactive protocols - Lower overhead since routes are determined on demand.

– Significant delay in route determination. – Employ flooding (global search).

– Control traffic may be bursty.

Pros and Cons for ManetPROS:

Separation from central network administration.

Self-configuring nodes are also routers.Self-healing through continuous re-

configuration. CONS:

Limited resources and physical security.

Intrinsic mutual trust vulnerable to attacks. Lack of authorization facilities.

MANET usage areas

• Military Scenario.• Sensor Network.• Rescue operation.• Student on campus.• Free internet sharing.• Conference.

Fig :Manet for military scenario

Fig: Manet for rescue operation

ConclusionThe mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a

collection of wireless mobile hosts dynamically establishing a short lived

network without the support of a network infrastructure. In this type of environment, it's expected that a large number of ad-hoc

connections will exist in the same region without any mutual coordination. Mobile

ad-hoc networks are the future of wireless networks. Nodes in these networks will

generate both users and application traffic and perform various network functions.

Future aspects In future mobile ad-hoc networks will use mobile routers to provide Internet

connectivity to mobile ad-hoc users. A mobile router will also allow mobility of an ad-hoc network, where mobile users may use an Internet access within an ad-hoc network domain. Recently, organizations

have begun to see potential for such dynamic networks. Mobile ad-hoc networks are of increasing interest for a distributed

set of applications, such as distributed collaborative computing, distributed sensing

networks, potential fourth generation wireless systems, and response to incidents that destroyed the existing communication

structure.

Reference

• [ 1 ]. D. Johnson and D. Maltz, “Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,” Mobile Computing, T. Imielinski and H. Korth, Ed., Kluwer, 1996. • [2]. C. Perkins and E Royer, “Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing,” 2nd IEEE Workshop. Mobile Comp. Sys. And Apps, 1999. •[3]. IEEE Std. 802.11, “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,” 1997.•[4]. Sridhar Iyer, “Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks”, IIT Bombay.•[5]. Andreas Tønnesen, “Introduction to MANET”.•[6]. “Wireless Ad-Hoc Network” – Wikipedia.•[7]. Md. Mahbubul Alam, And Tanmoon Taz Shetu, “Congestion control in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs)”, APRIL 2011

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