mlab 1415- hematology keri brophy-martinez myelodysplastic syndromes
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGYKERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
![Page 2: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
• Acquired clonal hematologic disorders characterized by progressive cytopenias in the peripheral blood, reflecting defects in erythroid, myeloid and/or megakaryocytic maturation.• Impaired hematopoiesis. • Disrupted apoptosis
• Bone marrow is hyperplastic• The origin is currently unknown
![Page 3: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Terms used to describe MDS
• Preleukemic leukemia or syndrome• Chronic refractory anemia with sideroblasts• Smoldering leukemia
![Page 4: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Risk factors• Age
• Occur primaroy over the age of 50• Genetic predisposition
• Chromosomes 5,7 and 8• Down’s, Fanconi’s
• Environmental exposures• benzene
• Prior therapy• Radiation• Chemotherapy
![Page 5: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Clinical findings
• Symptoms are related to progressive bone marrow failure• Infections• Bleeding• Anemia- fatigue/weakness
• Death usually occurs from infection and/or bleeding or from leukemia if transformation occurs.
![Page 6: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Key Lab Features of MDS
• Dysmyelopoiesis• Dyserthropoiesis• Dysmegakaryopoiesis
![Page 7: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dysmyelopoiesis- PB
![Page 8: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dyserthropoiesis- PB
Dimorphic erythrocyte population Oval macrocytes
![Page 9: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dysmegakaryopoiesis- PB
MicromegakaryocyteAbnormal platelet granulation
![Page 10: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FAB classification• Five MDS subtypes:
• Refractory anemia (RA)• Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS)• Refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB)• Refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation
(RAEB-t)• Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)
![Page 11: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
WHO classification- 2008
• Refractory anemia (RA) with unilineage dysplasia• Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS)• Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD)• RA with excess blasts (RAEB)• MDS with isolated deletion of 5q• MDS, unclassifiable• Childhood MDS
![Page 12: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MDS/MPD Diseases
• Clonal hematopoietic neoplasms that at initial presentation have some clinical, laboratory or morphological findings of both a MDS/MPD
• Abnormalities in the regulation of myeloid proliferation, maturation and cell survival
• Diseases• CMML associated with persistent monocytosis• Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia• Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia• MDS/MPD, unclassifiable
![Page 13: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML)
• Monocytosis• Dysplasia in one or more
myeloid lines• Bone marrow
hypercellular• Splenomegaly may be
present
![Page 14: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Therapy
• Currently, there is no really good treatment for MDS, therefore most therapy is supportive, such as transfusion of blood components and antibiotics.
• The only effective treatment is bone marrow transplant, but most patients are too old to survive the rigors of this treatment.
• Immunosuppressive therapy decreases the chance of leukemic transformation.
![Page 15: MLAB 1415- HEMATOLOGY KERI BROPHY-MARTINEZ Myelodysplastic Syndromes](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062517/56649f2f5503460f94c4917a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
References• McKenzie, Shirlyn B., and J. Lynne. Williams. "Chapter
21." Introduction. Clinical Laboratory Hematology. Boston: Pearson, 2010. Print
• Rodak, Bernadette F., Fritsma, George, and Elaine Keohane. "Chapter 35." Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Hematology Clinical Principles and Applications. St. Louis: Elsevier, 2012. Print