miyawaki greece
TRANSCRIPT
A new noteworthy tool for improving forest
biodiversity in reforested areas: the
effectiveness of Miyawaki method in
Mediterranean reforestation programs
Federico Vessella
Department of Forest and Environment (D.A.F.), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Thessaloniki, March 22-24 2011
Miyawaki method
Applications and results
Miyawaki has been succesfullyapplied in several Far Eastcountries, (e.g. Japan, China,Malaysia, Thailand) and in SouthAmerica (Brazil and Chile).Experimented in thousandshectares, Miyawaki always allowsclimax vegetation achievement.
Advantages compared to traditional methods
After planting, any human care is not required, such
as weeding or thinning;
Undergrowth with late-successional species is
immediately on site;
Forest stand becomes quickly part of natural
ecosystem
Method limits
Accurate botanical and ecological analysis of sites
is need, thus specialists are required for
environmental investigations;
Manpower need is high;
Planting costs are quite expensive
Method restrictions – adaptability to Mediterranean climate
Sites where Miyawaki successed
Some Mediterranean climate patterns
Method involvement in Mediterranean environment
Miyawaki method was never tested in Mediterranean
environment, mainly because is unknown
Difficulties are linked to Mediterranean climate
characterized by summer aridity, in several cases by winter
cold, and by thin soils
Nevertheless, it could be interesting for the Mediterranean
context, because in this area complete environment
restoration takes long time
Maintenance planting cost are reduced to the first year
Our experiment
Site location
Sardinia - Italy
Municipality of Pattada
I.G.M. 1:25000 of experimental field
Aerial view (2006)
A
B
Site A Site B
Surface 4500 m2 c.a. 1000 m2 c.a.
Altitude a.s.l. 760 m 885 m
Slope 4° 0°
Aspect North-East Flat
Geology Granite Granite
Soil Lithic and Dystric Xerorthents
Lithic and Dystric Xerorthents
Plant number 1759 1828
Density 4000 plants/ha 18000 plants/ha
N. of species 32 17
Project description
Climatic features
of the area
Site A:List of spontaneous species
Site B:List of spontaneous species
Potential vegetation (climax)
Mixed forest with Quercus ilex, Q. suber, Q. pubescens and Ilex aquifolium
Our changements to the original method
No new soil addition (20 cm labour of first pre-existent soil)
Use of some local pioneer species (Pinus pinaster) together with late successional ones to improve plant community resilience
Test of different types of mulching
Planting scheme
List of species used for the plantation
Planting scheme
Mulching Map
Straw mulching
Saw mill residuals
Planting results after 11 years
Site B
Site A
Planted species: 28
Native species in not worked strips: 4
Qualitatively all survived
Traditional reforestation technique
Test Area closed to Site A in a 30 years old reforested zone
10 species (31,25%)
Test Area in a coeval reforested zone lightly far from Site A
7 species (21,88%)
Test Area in a gradoni reforested site 7 species (21,88%)
37%
63%
Quantitative analysis
Survived
Total planted species: 23
Forest species: 17
Qualitatively 7 forest sp. survived
19.69%
80.31%
Quantitative analysis
Survived
Site A Site B
Plant survived Plant survived
Specific survival percentage
Acer monspessulanum
Ilex aquifolium
Laurus nobilis
Celtis australis
Castanea sativa
Cedrus libani
Arbutus unedo
Spartium junceum
Quercus ilex
Ligustrum vulgaris
Malus domestica
Myrtus communis
Fraxinus ornus
Pyrus communis
Pinus pinaster
Rosmarinus officinalis
Quercus pubescens
Quercus suber
Taxus baccata
Viburnum tinus
Sorbus torminalis
pioneers
M.S.
L.S.
Site A
Site A
Site A
Quercus suber
Site A
Natural
regeneration of
Pinus pinaster
Site B
Site B
Site B
Quercus suber
Site B
Pyrus pyraster
Site B
Juniperus oxycedrus
Comparison with traditional methods of reforestation
More rapid development of trees, in particular ofpioneer species
Greater richness in species, also climaticspecies (Quercus ilex, Q. suber, Q. pubescensand Ilex aquifolium are present)
30 years reforested area outside SITE A
20 years
gradoni
reforestation
Max height = 4 m
Improvement opportunities and conclusions
Improve soil characteristics adding compost or local
vegetal material
Reducing pioneers species without excluding at all
Test for the optimal plant density
Use high quality seedlings
Reduce planting costs
Pre-Forest cultivation approach should help solving thoseproblems and Miyawaki method should be applied as interestingtool for forest restoration programmes in Mediterranean countries
The mobile pre-cultivation unit,adapted to a standardisedcontainer size for transportationon a lorry, train or boat to anyoptional forest nursery.
• introduce a new technology build on pre-cultivation (in mini-plugs) of
forest regeneration materials (FRM) in a cost efficient and
environmental friendly production unit not affected by outdoor climate;
• integrate these technologies into a functional system for large scale
production of pre-cultivated forest regeneration materials adapted to
transplanting and further growth at forest nurseries all over Europe