misused drug types - mycasat · 2019-03-07 · even more misused drug types . . . over-the-counter...

MISUSED DRUG TYPESRURAL NEVADA COUNSELINGDEVELOPED BY KAREN TORRY GREENE, DBH, LCSW

3/6/2019Misused Drug Types - Rural Nevada Counseling

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This publication was supported in whole or in part by the BHPT –

Behavioral Health Prevention & Treatment/through State General Funds and/or the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment

(SAPT) Block Grant from the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).

Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. DHHS, SAMHSA, or the State of Nevada.

Misused Drug TypesTraining

is required

at Orientation and annually

for all RNC clinical and paraprofessional

staff


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Drug Misuse and Mental Health

Drug misuse is defined as the use of a substance for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines. It impacts health or functioning.

Many misused drugs can alter a person’s thinking and judgment, leading to health risks, including addiction and dangerous behaviors.

Drug abuse is a mental illness, and addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences. It changes the brain in fundamental ways connected with seeking and using.

Many people who have a substance use disorder also develop other mental illnesses, just as many people who are diagnosed with mental illness are often diagnosed with a substance use disorder.

The high rate of comorbidity between substance use disorders and other mental illnesses calls for a comprehensive approach that identifies and evaluates both, and treated accordingly.

The following slides contain a brief introduction to some misused drugs. It is not a complete list.


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Misused Drug Types . . .

CannabinoidsMarijuana

Hashish

K2

OpioidsHeroin

Opium

Kratom

Prescription Opioids

Alcohol


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Nicotine

Sedatives

More Misused Drug Types . . .

HallucinogensSee also Dissociative Drugs

LSD

Mescaline

Psilocybin

Dissociative DrugsKetamine

PCP and Analogs

Salvia Divinorum

DXM (Dextromethorphan)

DMT and Ayahuasca

Club DrugsMDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

Flunitrazepam

GHB


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Even More Misused Drug Types . . .

Over-the-Counter and Prescription

DXM (see Dissociative Drugs)

Loperamide

PCP (see Dissociative Drugs)

Prescription Drugs

OtherAnabolic Steroids

Inhalants


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Cocaine

Amphetamine

Methamphetamine

Khat

Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts)

Prescription Stimulants

Stimulants

Cannabinoids

Marijuana

Hashish

K2


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Cannabinoids: Marijuana (Cannabis)

Marijuana is made from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa. The main psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical in marijuana is THC. For more information, see the Marijuana Research Report.

Street names include Blunt, Bud, Dope, Ganja, Grass, Green, Herb, Joint, Mary Jane, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Smoke, Trees, Weed; Hashish: Boom, Gangster, Hash, Hemp

It comes in the form of dried leaves, resin, or black sticky oil which can be smoked, mixed with food, or brewed as a tea


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/letter-director

K2 (Spice)

K2 and Spice are names used to describe a group of drugs known as synthetic (lab-made) cannabinoids. They're made from dried plant materials that have been sprayed with extremely potent mind-altering chemicals that are NOT related to the chemical in marijuana

Smoked like marijuana, or liquid inhaled in vaping devices. Also added to herbal tea or food.

Side effects can be dangerous


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Opioids

Heroin

Opium

Kratom

Prescription Opioids


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Opioids: Heroin

An opioid drug made from morphine, a substance extracted from the seed pod of opium poppy plants. For more information, see the Heroin Research Report.

Street names include grown sugar, China White, Dope, H, Horse, Junk, Skag, Skunk, Smack, White Horse. (With OTC cold medicine and antihistamine: Cheese)

Takes the form of white or brownish powder, or black sticky substance known as “black tar heroin”

Is injected, smoked, or snorted


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/overview

Opioids: Kratom

A tropical deciduous tree native to Southeast Asia, with leaves that contain many compounds, including mitragynine, a psychotropic (mind-altering) opioid. For more information, see the Kratom DrugFacts.

Street names include Herbal Speedball, Biak-biak, Ketum, Kahuam, Ithang, Thom

Fresh or dried leaves, powder, liquid, or gum is chewed, mixed in food, brewed in tea, and occasionally smoked


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/kratom

Opioids: Prescription Opioids

Pain relievers with an origin similar to that of heroin. Opioids can cause euphoria and are often used nonmedically, leading to overdose deaths. For more information, see the Misuse of Prescription Drugs Research Report

There are various brands of Codeine; Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Sublimaze); Hydrocodone or dihydrocodeinone (Vicodin, Norco, Zohydro, and others); Hydromorphone (Dilaudid); Meperidine (Demerol); Methadone (Dolophine, Nethadose); Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percodan, Percocet, and others); and Oxymorphone (Opana)

Depending on the brand, they come in tablets, capsules, lozenges, suppositories, film, and liquid, and may be injected, swallowed, snorted, smoked, or inserted.

Street names include Captain Cody, Cody, Lean, Schoolboy, Sizzurp, Purple Drank, Doors & Fours, Loads, Pancakes and Syrup, Apache, China Girl, China White, Dance Fever, Friend, Goodfella, Jackpot, Murder 8, Tango and Cash, TNT, Vike, Watson-387, D, Dillies, Footballs, Juice, Smack, Demmies, Pain Killer, Amidone, Fizzies. With MDMA: Chocolate Chip Cookies, M, Miss Emma, Monkey, White Stuff, O.C., Oxycet, Oxycotton, Oxy, Hillbilly Heroin, Percs, Biscuits, Blue Heaven, Blues, Mrs. O, O Bomb, Octagons, Stop Signs


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/

Sedatives

Medications that slow brain activity, which makes them useful for treating anxiety and sleep problems. For more information, see the Misuse of Prescription Drugs Research Report.

Barbituates such as pentobarbital

Benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (Xanax®), chlorodiazepoxide (Librium®), diazepam (Valium®), lorazepam (Ativan®), triazolam (Halicon®)

Sleep medications such as eszopiclone (Lunesta®), zaleplon (Sonata®), zolpidem (Ambien®)

All available in pill, capsule, and liquid forms which can be swallowed, injected, or snorted


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/summary

Alcohol

Alcohol is a sedative. Alcohol’s effects vary from person to person, depending on a variety of factors, including:

How much you drink

How often you drink

Your age

Your health status

Your family history

For more information on alcohol’s effects: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s (NIAAA’s) web page


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http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/

Mixing Sedatives with Opiates

As these two drugs can both be considered as depressants, combining them can slow bodily processes and brain activity potentially resulting in dangerously slow breathing, unconsciousness, or even death.


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Nicotine

Nicotine is a highly addictive substance found in tobacco and vaping products

Nicotine addiction is the most common addiction in America. Conservative estimates put societal costs of nicotine addiction in the U.S. at approximately $193 billion a year.

Nicotine abuse is unique because the drug’s effects are less intense than most other stimulants. It does, however, stimulate adrenal glands, which causes a rise in blood pressure and respiration.


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Hallucinogens

Drugs that cause profound distortions in a person’s perceptions of reality. For more information, see the Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs Research Report.

LSD

Mescaline (Peyote)

Psilocybin

See also Dissociative Drugs

Salvia

DMT and Ayahuasca

Ketamine

PCP

DXM


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/hallucinogens-dissociative-drugs/director

Hallucinogens: LSD

A hallucinogen manufactured from lysergic acid, which is found in a fungus. LSD is an abbreviation of the scientific name lysergic acid diethylamide. For more information, see the Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs Research Report.

Street names include Acid, Blotter, Blue Heaven, Cubes, Microdot, Yellow Sunshine

It comes in tablets, capsules, clear liquid, and small decorative squares of absorbent paper which are all swallowed and absorbed through oral tissue


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Hallucinogens: Mescaline (Peyote)

A hallucinogen found in disk-shaped “buttons” in the crown of several cacti, including peyote. For more information, see the Hallucinogens – LSD, Peyote, Psilocybin, and PCP DrugFacts.

Street names include Buttons, Cactus, and Mesc

It takes the form of capsules or fresh or dried buttons, which can bw swallowed


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/hallucinogens-lsd-peyote-psilocybin-pcp

Hallucinogens: Psilocybin

A hallucinogen in certain types of mushrooms that grow in parts of South America, Mexico, and the United States. For more information, see the Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs Research Report.

Street names include Little Smoke, Magic Mushrooms, Purple Passion, Shrooms

Fresh or dried mushrooms may be eaten straight, added to food, or brewed as tea


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Dissociative Drugs

Dissociative drugs are hallucinogens that cause the user to feel detached from reality.

Ketamine

PCP and Analogs

Salvia Divinorum

DXM (Dextromethorphan)

DMT and Ayahuasca


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Dissociative Drugs: Ketamine

A dissociative drug used as an anesthetic in veterinary practice. Dissociative drugs are hallucinogens that cause the user to feel detached from reality. For more information, see the Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs Research Report

Ketalar treet names include Cat Valium, K, Special K, Vitamin K

Liquid or white powder can be injected, snorted, swallowed, or smoked with other medium such as tobacco or marijuana


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Dissociative Drugs: PCP

A dissociative drug developed as an intravenous anesthetic that has been discontinued due to serious adverse effects. PCP is an abbreviation of the scientific name, phencyclidine. For more information, see the Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs Research Report

Street names include Angel Dust, Boat, Hog, Love Boat, Peace Pill

It comes in a white or colored powder, tablet, or capsule or clear liquid

It can be injected, snorted, swallowe, or smoked


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Dissociative Drugs: Salvia divinorum

A dissociative drug that is an herb in the mint family native to southern Mexico. For more information, see the Hallucinogens and Dissociative Drugs Research Report.

Street names include Magic mint, Maria Pastora, Sally-D, Shepherdess’s Herb, Diviner’s Sage

Fresh or dried leaves are smoked, chewed, or brewed as tea


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Dissociative Drugs: DXM

OTC Medication Dextromethorphan

Psychoactive when taken in higher-than-recommended amounts. For more information, see the Over the Counter Medicines DrugFacts.

Street names include Robotripping, Robo, Triple C

The syrup and capsules are available in many brands


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cough-cold-medicine-abuse

Dissociative Drugs: DMT and Ayahuasca

DMT is A synthetic drug producing intense but relatively short-lived hallucinogenic experiences

Street names include DMT and Dimitri.

It’s a white or yellow crystalline powder that can be smoked or injected

Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic tea made in the Amazon from a DMT-containing plant (Psychotria viridis) along with another vine (Banisteriopsis caapi)

Street names include Aya, Yage, Hoasca


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Club Drugs

MDMA(Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

Flunitrazepam

GHB


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Club Drugs: MDMA

MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a synthetic, psychoactive drug that has similarities to both the stimulant amphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline. MDMA is an abbreviation of the scientific name 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. For more information, see the MDMA (Ecstasy) Abuse Research Report.

Street names include Ecstasy, Molly, Adam, Clarity, Eve, Lover's Speed, Peace, Uppers

It comes in the form of liquid, powder, capsules, or colorful tablets that can be swallowed or snorted


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/mdma-ecstasy-abuse/letter-director

Club Drugs: Flunitrazepam

Rohypnol is Flunitrazepam, a benzodiazepine chemically similar to prescription sedatives such as Valium® and Xanax®. Teens and young adults tend to misuse this drug at bars, nightclubs, concerts, and parties. It has been used to commit sexual assaults due to its ability to sedate and incapacitate unsuspecting victims.

Tablets can be swallowed or dissolved in a drink, or snorted

Street names include Circles, Date Rape Drug, Forget Pill, Forget-Me Pill, La Rocha, Lunch Money, Mexican Valium, Mind Eraser, Pingus, R2, Reynolds, Rib, Roach, Roach 2, Roaches, Roachies, Roapies, Rochas Dos, Roofies, Rope, Rophies, Row-Shay, Ruffies, Trip-and-Fall, Wolfie


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Club Drugs: GHB

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate or sodium oxybate (Xyrem)

A depressant approved for use in the treatment of narcolepsy, a disorder that causes daytime "sleep attacks.“

Street names include G, Georgia Home Boy, Goop, Grievous Bodily Harm, Liquid Ecstasy, Liquid X, Soap, Scoop

It’s a colorless liquid or white powder which is often combined with beverages


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Stimulants

Cocaine

Amphetamine

Methamphetamine

Khat

Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts)

Prescription Stimulants


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Stimulants: Cocaine

A powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant native to South America. For more information, see the Cocaine Research Report

Street names include Blow, Bump, C, Candy, Charlie, Coke, Crack, Flake, Rock, Snow, Toot

Usually a white powder or whitish rock crystal

Can be snorted, smoked, injected


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/cocaine/what-cocaine

Stimulants: Methamphetamine

An extremely addictive stimulant amphetamine drug. For more information, see the Methamphetamine Research Report.

Street names include Crank, Chalk, Crystal, Fire, Glass, Go Fast, Ice, Meth, Speed

Common forms include white powder or pill; crystal meth looks like pieces of glass or shiny blue-white rocks

Meth can be swallowed, snorted, smoked, or injected


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/methamphetamine/letter-director

Stimulants: Khat

Pronounced "cot," a shrub (Catha edulis) found in East Africa and southern Arabia; contains the psychoactive chemicals cathinone and cathine

Street names include Abyssinian Tea, African Salad, Catha, Chat, Kat, Oat

The leaves can be chewed or brewed as a tea


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Stimulants: Prescription Stimulants

Medications that increase alertness, attention, energy, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate. For more information, see the Misuse of Prescription Drugs Research Report.

Street names for amphetamines (Adderall) include Bennies, Black Beauties, Crosses, Hearts, LA Turnaround, Speed, Truck Drivers, Uppers, and street names for Methylphenidate (Concertaand Ritalin) include JIF, MPH, R-ball, Skippy, The Smart Drug, Vitamin R

Tablets, capsules, chewable tablets, and liquid may be swallowed, snorted, smoked, injected, or chewed


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/misuse-prescription-drugs/

OTC and Prescription

Over-the-Counter and Prescription Meds include

DXM (see Dissociative Drugs)

Loperamide

PCP (see Dissociative Drugs)

Prescription Stimulants (See Stimulants)


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OTC and Prescription: Loperamide

Loperamide (Immodium) is an over-the-counter anti-diarrheal that can cause euphoria when taken in higher-than-recommended doses. For more information, see the Over the Counter Medicines DrugFacts.

It comes in tablets, capsules, or a liquid


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cough-cold-medicine-abuse

Other Drugs

Inhalents

Anabolic Steroids


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Other Drugs: Inhalants

Solvents, aerosols, and gases found in household products such as spray paints, markers, glues, and cleaning fluids; also nitrites (e.g., amyl nitrite), which are prescription medications for chest pain. For more information, see the Inhalants Research Report.

Street names include poppers, snappers, whippets, and laughing gas. They are inhaled through the nose or mouth

Common forms include paint thinners or removers, degreasers, dry-cleaning fluids, gasoline, lighter fluids, correction fluids, permanent markers, electronics cleaners and freeze sprays, glue, spray paint, hair or deodorant sprays, fabric protector sprays, aerosol computer cleaning products, vegetable oil sprays, butane lighters, propane tanks, whipped cream aerosol containers, refrigerant gases, ether, chloroform, halothane, nitrous oxide


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/inhalants/letter-director

Other Drugs: Anabolic Steroids

Man-made substances used to treat conditions caused by low levels of steroid hormones in the body misused to enhance athletic and sexual performance and physical appearance. For more information, see the Steroids and Other Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs) Research Report.

Street names include Juice, Gym Candy, Pumpers, Roids and brand names include Nandrolone (Oxandrin), oxandrolone (Anadrol), oxymetholone (Anadrol-50), testosterone cypionate (Depo-testosterone)

Tablets, capsules, liquid drops, gel, cream, patch and injectable solutions may be injected, swallowed, or applied to skin


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https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/steroids-other-appearance-performance-enhancing-drugs-apeds

References

Addiction Center (2018). Understanding nicotine. Author. Retrieved from https://www.addictioncenter.com/nicotine/

British Psychological Society & The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2008). Introduction to drug misuse. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53217/

Center on Addiction (2017). Commonly used illegal drugs. Retrieved from https://www.centeronaddiction.org/addiction/commonly-used-illegal-drugs

National Institute of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse (2018). Commonly abused drugs charts. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/commonly-abused-drugs-charts#ayahuasca

National Institute of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse (2018). Comorbidity: Substance Use Disorders and Other Mental Illnesses. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/comorbidity-substance-use-disorders-other-mental-illnesses

Watson, S (2018). K2/Spice: What to know about these dangerous drugs. WebMD Health News. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/news/20180910/k2-spice-what-to-know-about-these-dangerous-drugs


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Test

Name, email address, and date on a piece of paper

1. True or False: Alcohol is a stimulant.

2. True or False: Drug misuse is defined as the use of a substance for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines that impacts health or functioning.

3. True or False: Addiction is a mental illness, and drug abuse is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder

4. True or False: It is best that drug misuse be treated as a separate issue from mental health issues.

5. True or False: Prescription opioids are less addictive than street opioids

6. True or False: Nicotine is not a drug

7. True or False: Drugs that are made from leaves are safe and natural

8. Side effects from drug use can include _____, _____, and _____.

9. The main reason drug manufacturers continuously change their formulas is ____________________________________.

10. True or False: As long a substance is legal, it can be used safely

11. Turn in your answers to the Training Coordinator. You will receive a 1 hr Certificate of Completion, which will also be retained in your employee file.


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misused drug types - mycasat · 2019-03-07 · even more misused drug types . . . over-the-counter...

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