missouri - dnr · 2015. 1. 9. · magnificent stained art glass depicting various saints. evidence...

Form 10-300 (July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Type all entries - complete applicable sections)

STATE:

MissouriCOUNTY:

OsageFOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER

St. Joseoh ChurchAND/OR HISTORIC:

STREET AND NUMBER!

Main Street. 4 blocks east of Highway 63 *CITY OR TOWN:

Westphalia

Missouri 65085 29

COUNTY: CODE

151

o

CATEGORY (-Check One;

District |X1 Building

Site Q Structure

D Obj.ct

OWNERSHIP STATUSACCESSIBLE

TO THE PUBLIC

Public

(X| Private

Both

Public Acquisition:

Q In Process

Q Being Considered

QQ Occupied

[~l Unoccupied

Preservation work

in progress

Yes:

j£) Restricted

Q Unrestricted

D No

PRESENT USE (Check On* or Afore a* Appropriate;

[ 1 Agricultural

f~l Commercial

1 I Educational

I I Entertainment

f~l Government

n Industrial

Q Military

Q] Museum

D Pa*

Q Private Residence

(2) Religious

D Scientific

Transportation

Other (Specify)

I I Comments

UJ

UJ

I/)

OWNER'S NAME:

St. Joseph ParishSTREET AND NUMBER:

P.O. Box 417CITY OR TOWN:

Jefferson Citv Missouri 65101

CODE

29

H- CO COo

COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC:

___________Office of Recorder of Deeds. Osage County CourthouseSTREET ANO NUMBER:

o S co c (a z » n>

CITY OR TOWN:

Linn Missouri 65051

CODE

29

TITLE OF SURVEY:

DATE OF SURVEY:

Missouri Historic Sites Catalogue1963 Federal State County Local

DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS:

State Historical Society of MissouriSTREET AND NUMBER:

Corner. Hitt and Lowry streetsCITY OR TOWN:

Columbia

STATE:

Missouri 652Q1 29

#9 Congressional District-House of Representatives-Ron. William Hungate

CONDITION(XI Excellent

1X1 Altered

D Good

(Check

[

One)

D

3 Foir

Unoltered

(Cheek One)

Q Deteriorated D

D Mo

Ruins 1 1 Unexpoied

fCheck One;

ved K) Originol Site

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT' AND ORICINAL (II Into**) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

St. Joseph Catholic Church in Westphalia, Missouri, is a three aisle, cruciform building of stone construction with a frame clerestory, an octagonal apse, and a central belfry steeple towering above the entrance. The church, picturesquely situated on a hilltop and facing northeast, was originally erected in 1848 and has undergone two major alterations since that date.

Exterior

The structure is made of two different stone materials, a gray lime stone with travertine-like texture that is used for the foundation and trim, and a local soft tan stone called cottonstone employed for the balance of the work. All the stone.'is roughly dressed and laid in random courses. The clerestory is wood frame covered with sheet metal embossed to simulate stone masonry.

The northeast end of the church is dominated by a central square tower with belfry and spire. The main entrance is centrally located at the first floor level of the tower's northeast wall and is surmounted by a stone tympanum and a semi-circular arch supported by two stone columns with high bases and cushions. Above the arch is a round hood-mould, the keystone of which is enlarged to serve as a pedestal for a statue of the church's patron saint. Directly above the entrance at the second story is a semi-circular arch enclosing two long, narrow stained-glass windows.

Rising above the tower is a square belfry containing four bells made for the church in St. Louis in 1883% A1 large, round arch filled with wood en louvers penetrates- each of the belfry's four sides. A wooden spire covered with asbestos shingles 1 and-crowned-with a gold cross terminates the steeple.

To each side of the tower is a projection of the narthex. The narthex's northeast wall has three round-arched windows with stained-glass and wooden tracery. This window motif is repeated on the northwest and south east sides. The four corners of the narthex are strengthened by square buttresses topped by hexagonal pinnacles.

Five equally spaced stained-glass windows with round arches, limestone sills, and wooden tracery line the northwest side of the structure, three distributed along the aisle wall and two along the transcept. The openings of the south, southeast wall are identical with the addition of a small covered entranceway at the center of the south, southeast trans cept arm.

The apse has a single, round-arched window on the southwest side and the upper portion of a matching window on the. west side,. It is otherwise devoid of ornamentation. ''The fenestration of the clerestory repeats that of the aisles with the additipn of a, small, opening in the gable of the west, southwest wall. It has a simple ridge roof with sheet metal roofing.

ixt

m

TO

C

n

I

6. SIGNIFICANCEPERIOD (Chock One or Mart •• Appropriate)

Q Pre-Columbian! D 16th Century

n 15th Century D '7»h Century

'8th Century

I'th Century

20th Century

SPECIFIC (ii Applicable and Known) 1848. alterations in 1883 and 1905AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More a» Appropriate)

Aboriginal O Education Q Political

D Engineering (J) Religion/Phi.

0 Industry losophy

n Invention Q Science

Q Landscape •("] Sculpture

Architecture (J) Social/Human-D Literature „„,„„

O Military Q Theater

I I Music |~~| Transportation

t O Prehistoric

O Historic

C~l Agriculture

QQ Architecture

D A't

[~1 Commerce

| | Communications

[ 1 Conservation

QD Urban Planning

D Other (Specify)

z o

o=>

UJ

UJ I/)

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE

St. Joseph Church is significant as a visual and social landmark in Westphalia,'Missouri. The church.is also noteworthy for its role in the development of the community.

The Romanesque-Gothic building provides a forceful orientation point as it is situated prominently on a hill. Surrounded by a school, convent, and German-influenced nineteenth century houses; the church can be seen from any point in what seems to be an Old World Village transplanted to the middle of the American continent. From a distance outside of the town, the church spire can be seen towering above everything around it.

Lewis Mumford states that a town's physical environment becomes a symbol of its citizens' social relatedness and must be subservient to a town's social needs. Social facts are primary; the physical organization of-the town, its industries and its markets, its lines of communication and traffic, revolve around social functions.^ While the church was under the supervision of the Jesuits, 1835-1883, the church reflected the daily lives of its parishioners. Even the alterations done in 1883 and 1905 are a reflection of the changing needs of the people of Westphalia, if for no other reason than that a larger church was needed.

The central location of a church, even the mere presence of one in a town, in this area and in this era, was significant. Early urban promoters realized that the presence of a church attracted settlers and often offered the church land and money to build with if they would locate in their town.

Historically, this church has much to offer. The Low-German community of Westphalia was founded in 1835 by a colony of Catholic Westphalians and Rhinelanders from Northern Germany. The settlement of seven families initiated Osage County to German immigrants. Some of the immigrants were well educated and apparently had hoped to "...associate themselves -in some way with an institution of learning in Central Missouri, but the primitive conditions they encountered soon disillusioned them and some of their oumber returned to Germany."2

[9. MAJOR BtBLIOGRAPHICAU REFERENCES

SOURCES CITED

1. Buchanan, John and Julia B. Good. "First Mass at Westphalia Cele brated 125 Years Ago," The Catholic Missourian. July 10, 1960, pp. 6a, 7a, 8a.

2. Cotton, W. Philip, Jr., A.I.A. Architectural Consultant FieldReport, received June, 1969, contracted by the Missouri State ParkBoard and filed at its central office, P.O. Box 176, 1204 Jefferson Building r Jefferson CM ty

10. GEOGRAPHICAL, DATALATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATES

DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PROPERTY

NW

NE

SE

SW

LATITUDE

Degrees Minutes Seconds

LONGITUDE


LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COORDINATESDEFINING THE CENTER POINT OF A PROPERTY

OF LESS THAN TEN ACRES

LATITUDE


38 26* 28*

LONGITUDE


91 59' 45"

APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: leSS than 10

iLIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIESm m

STATE: CODE COUNTY

CODE COUNTY:

CODE COUNTY:

70

C

nH

NAME AND TITLE:

M. Patricia Holmes, Chief Architectural HistorianORGANIZATION Missouri State Park Board

State Historical Survey and Planning Office March 1, 1972STREET AND NUMBER:

P.O. Box 176. 1204 Jefferson BuildingCITY OR TOWN:

Jeffersjsn Citvi

STATE

Missouri 6S1Q1

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na

tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law

89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion

in the National Register and certify that it has been

evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set

forth by the National Park Service. The recommended

level of significance of this nomination is:

National Q State Q Local QQ

Name

I hereby certify that this property is included in the

National Register.

Chief, Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation

Date

Joseph Jaeger, Jr.

Title Director. Missouri State Park Board, and Missouri State Liaison Officer for P.L. 89-665Bate

ATTEST:

Keeper of The National Register

Date

f oim )0-.K»Oo , (July 1969)


NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

Missouri

OsageFOR NFS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER

f/Vumb0r all entrtem)

6. //I ST. JOSEPH CHURCH

Missouri State Historical Survey1971Missouri State Park BoardP.O. Box 1761204 Jefferson BuildingJefferson City, Missouri 65101

• A

(State)

Code: 29

C tor'4 pr ( vl-.-

,Tnc .

Form 10-300o '. (Jvily 1969)




MissouriCOUNTY


ENTRY NUMBER

(Wumb«r all tnlrl**)

7. //I ST. JOSEPH CHURCH

A one-story rectangular stone sacristy with basement is appended to the west corner of the church.

Interior

The interior of the church is divided into a wide nave and two narrow aisles separated by a nave arcade. The structure has rib vaulting and a double balcony, the upper level of which serves as a choir and organ loft. Access to the balconies is gained by two stairways, one to each side of the tower. The columns, walls, and ceiling vaults are plaster ed and brilliantly painted and decorated. The church is completed with elaborate wood chancel fittings, including the altar rail, altars, re- redos, and pulpit.

Alterations

The original 1848 building was a simple, one-story structure with a ridge roof, flat ceiling, and square-headed windows. The exterior walls of this 1848 building remain, but they have been altered by changing the square-headed windows to a round-arched type. A close study of the masonry does not reveal this alteration, but an old photograph in the possession of the church exhibits this change clearly.

In 1883, the tower was added.1 The belfry contains four bells, the largest being 64" in diameter. The date 1883 is cast as part of the inscription on the bells. These bells were made in St. Louis by J.G. Stuckstede and Brothers.

An extensive remodeling project was carried out in 1905:

The magnificent rock structure of the church was changed and enlarged in 1905 by Father Francis Anton Deipenbrock. The plain cream walls were replaced by murals. The dark, groined Gothic arches and the pulpit became Rococo and colorful. The old yellow and purple windows are now magnificent stained art glass depicting various Saints.

Evidence that the masonry portion of the tower antedates the raising of the clerestory roof is to be found in the finished masonry work on the nave side of the tower, at a level below the present ceiling line. Even the wood louvers of the belfry opening are still extant below the roof. This confirms the opinion that the final stage of construction was the addition of the clerestory in 1905. Work of this period in cludes the installation of the interior columns, the clerestory of wood studs and metal facing, and the new roof constructed of light wood framing.

Form 10-300o (July 1969)




Missouri


ENTRY NUMBER

(Number mil tnlrlti)

7. #2 ST. JOSEPH CHURCH

Both of the balconies and the stairways which flank the central tower also date from the 1905 alteration period.3 The stonework enclosing the stairways clearly shows a departure in character, and there are several narrow windows in the sides of the tower which indicate that these walls were originally exposed to the outside. Removal of some of the plaster confirms this.

Transcepts were added in 1905 involving major alteration to the altar end of the building, the original apse being retained.4

The sacristy wing could be original, but more likely was added at the time the transcepts were built.^

As previously mentioned, the arched windows were installed during or after the raising of the clerestory, completing the transformation of a simple village church into the imposing Romanesque-Gothic structure we see today.

The wall around the churchyard was also built in 1905 as a continu ation of the work that was being done on the church.6

In 1923, the old kerosene lamps were replaced with electrical lighting fixtures.'

"In 1959, the church was redecorated and refreshed with new paint and new murals. The whole church was cleaned and redone."8

Ten years ago [1961], the church was "modernized." Heating facilities were installed as well as new lighting fixtures. The pews were re placed. The floor, which had been one step higher in the pew sections than in the aisles, was lowered to the same level as the aisles for safety reasons.9

Footnotes

1. J.C. Melies, History of the Founding of the Parish and Town of Westphalia. Missouri.from August 6. 1835 to August 6. 1935 (Vienna, Missouri: N. Pub., 1935).

2. John Buchanan and Julia B. Good, "First Mass at Westphalia Cele brated 125 Years Ago," The Catholic Missourian. July 10, 1960, p. 6a.

Form 10-300o '.(July 1969)




Missouri

OsaeeFOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUMBER

(Number mil tntrltt)


3. W. Philip Cotton, Jr., A.I.A., Architectural Consultant Field Report, 1969, p. 4.

4. Ibid., p. 4.

5. Ibid., p. 5.

6. Buchanan and Good, 1960, p. 8a.

7. Melies, 1935.

8. Buchanan and Good, 1960, p. 7a.

9. Statement by Father Degnan, personal interview, December 15, 1971.

The description of the physical appearance of the building is based on the data included in a field report by W. Philip Cotton, Jr., A.I.A., written on June 13, 1969. The report was contracted by the Missouri State Park Board and is filed at its central office, P.O. Box 176, 1204 Jefferson Building, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101.

Form 10-300o (July 1969)




STATE

MissouriCOUNTY


ENTRY NUMBER

(Number all »ntri«i)


Jesuit fathers, Christ Hoecken and Cornelius Walters, came to the settlement in August, 1835, and the first Holy Mass was said for the settlers in a log hut. It was in 1838, under the direction of Father Ferdinand Benedict Helias de Huddeghem, that Westphalia was made the resident headquarters of the Central Missouri Mission. St. Joseph remained the mother-church from 1838-1883, at which time the Jesuits departed and the church was made a parish church. Westphalia's St. Joseph was picked as the headquarters because of its strategic location in central Missouri where much missionary work was being done. It was also a stepping stone to the long contemplated Indian mission.

Religion, being the center of community life, gave the Jesuit priests an opportunity to exercise a great amount of influence over the type of education and social activities the settlers participated in. The first school, built in 1835, was built by a Jesuit priest. The priests were well educated, the majority having received their training in the universities of Germany and Belgium. For more than a century, all of Westphalia's pastors were conversant in German. A bilingual teaching program was thus introduced in the school system as early as 1835. By the time the child was graduated from the elementary grades, he could speak High and Low German as well as English. The priests encouraged the writing of German poetry which was heavily influenced by German Romanticism and traditions. For all occasions - festivals, commerations, at births and deaths - German poetry, folk songs, and stories were sung and recited. The Church, by emphasizing the importance of bilingual training and German literature and customs, functioned to preserve the values and myths which otherwise would have been lost through acculturalization.3

Footnotes

1. David R. Weimer, ed., City and Country in America (N. PI.: N. Pub., 1926), p. 226.

2. Charles L. Souvay, ed., St. Louis Catholic Historical Review (St. Louis: Catholic Historical Society of St. Louis, 1920), pp. 158-163.

3. W.A. Willibrand, "Popular German Poetry at Westphalia, Missouri" [unpublished paper], pp. 1-14, (Xerox copy); and Willibrand, "When German Was King: A FLES Program Around 1900," The German Quarterly (1957), pp. 254-261.

Form 10-300o (July 1969)



INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM


STATE

MissouriCOUNTY


CNTRV NUMBER DATE

(Nambfr mil tntrltt)

9 . #1 ST. JOSEPH CHURCH

3. Father Degnan. Personal interview. December 15, 1971.

4. Melies. John Conrad. History of the Founding of the Parish and

5.

6.

7.

8.

Town of Westphalia, Missouri, from August 6, 1835 to August 6,1935. Vienna, Missouri: N. Pub., 1935.

Souvav. Charles L. (ed.). St. Louis Catholic Historical Review.Vol. II. St. Louis: Catholic Historical Society of St. Louis, 1920.

Weimer. David R. (ed.). City and Country in America. New York:Appleton-Century-Crof ts , 1962.

Willibrand, W.A. "Popular German Poetry at Westphalia, Missouri." [Unpublished paper], pp. 1-14.

. "When German Was King: A FLES Program Around 1900,"The German Quarterly, Vol. XXX, No. 4, November, 1957, pp. 254-

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

261.

OTHER PERTINENT SOURCES

Caldwell, Dorothy J. (ed.). Missouri Historic Sites Catalogue.Columbia: State Historical Society of Missouri, 1963, p. 119.

Faust, Albert B. The German Element in the United States. NewYork: The Steuben Society of America, 1927.

Garraghan, Gilbert J. The Jesuits of the Middle United States.New York: J.J. Little & Ives Co., 1938.

Jefferson City [Missouri] Tribune, July 3, 1926, p. 1.

Rothensteiner , John. History of the Archdiocese of St. Louis:In Its Various Stages of Development from A.Vol. I. St. Louis: Blackwell Wielandy Co.,

St. Louis [Missouri] Globe-Democrat Magazine

D. 1673 to A.D. 1928.1928.

, June 30, 1929. p. 14.

Willibrand, W.A. "A Forgotten Pioneer of Westphalia, Missouri," The American German Review, Vol. IX, 4:7, April, 1943.

'Form 10.301 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE


, PROPERTY MAP FORM

» (Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map)

zo

STATE

~ MissouriCOUNTY

> •

OsageFOR N PS USE ONLY .

ENTRY NUMBER DATE

COMMON: St. Joseph ChurchAND/OR HISTORIC:

1-u

.. ' =JCK

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STREET ANO NUM BER:

Main Street, four blocks east of Highway 63CITY OR TOWN!

WestphaliaSTATE: CODE COUh

Missouri 65085 29<TYl . CODE

Osage 151• z

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SOURCE: W. Philip Cotton, Jr., A.I.A. Architectural Consultant

fCALE: 1/16" .'I'

DATE: June 13, 1969«/» ' "^" ̂ •••••^•••••^•- :---^^^^

TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS

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'Form 10-301 (July 1969)



PROPERTY MAP FORM

(Type all entries - attach to or enclose with map)

STATE

Missouri


ENTRY NUMBER


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STREET AND NUMBER:

Main Street, four blocks east of Highway 63CITY OR TOWN:

Westphalia

Missouri 65085 29 Osage 151

SOURCE:

U.S.G.S. 15' Quadrangles "Linn" and "Meta"UJ 1:62,500

DATE: 1942. 1950

TO BE INCLUDED ON ALL MAPS

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#155 ST. JOSEPH CHURCH

COUNTY: Osage

LOCATION: Main St., Westphalia, MO 65085(4 blocks E of Hwy. 63)

OWNER: Bishop Michael McAuliffe ADDRESS: Diocese of Jefferson City

Chancery Office, P.O. Box 417 Jefferson City, MO 651O1

DATE APPROVED BY A.C.: 12-12-7O

DATE SENT TO JEFF. CITY: O3-O6-72

DATE SENT TO D.C.: O3-O6-72

DATE OF REC. IN D.C.: O3-l6-?2

DATE PLACED ON NATIONAL REGISTER: 04-11-72

DATE AWARDED CERTIFICATE 03-23-74(AND PRESENTOR): H. Meade Summers - AC Member, Chairman

DATE FILE REVIEWED:

St. Joseph Church is significant as a visual and social landmark in Westphalia, Missouri. The church is also noteworthy for its role in the development of the community.

UNITED STATfS DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE


PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM

(Type till entries - nttctch to or enclose with photograph)

Missouri

Osage

FOR NFS USE ONLY

_______St. Joseph Church

2. LOCATION

Main Street, four blocks east of Highway 63

______Westphalia

Missouri 65085 29 Osage 151

t HOTO REFERENCE

Steve BlochTE OF PHOTO:

Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 176,1204 Jefferson Building, Jefferson City, Missouri 65101

4. IDENTIFICATION

Looking south, view of northeast (primary) facade, and north

west facade (right) of church, including the main entrance

and the central square tower with belfry and spire.

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DATE OF PHOTO:

copy photo. January. 1972

VE FILED AT

: Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 176

________1204 Jefferson Building. Jefferson City. Missouri 65101

^

\4T DENflFICATION Exterior view, looking west. Shows the church before the

1905 construction of the clerestory. The tower had already

been added in 1883. From an old photo in the possession of

the church.

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PHOTO CREDIT:

Wayne Davenport_______________________________

April. 1971__________________________________

Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 176,

m

^_____________1204 Jefferson Building. Jefferson City. Missouri 65101

General view looking west showing St. Joseph Church and other

buildings of Westphalia nestled together with the church as the focal

point and tallest structure in town. The church can be seen from any

point in what seems to be an Old World Village transplanted to the

United States.________________________________________

o

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY

PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FC

(Type ell entries - attach to or enclose with photograph) — ̂ 12

fi.XNAME" ; •, ... ••.. •.• -..'-f^:!,:^;:^.:*,'.^ ;>.'••, -.'•;.'.. .- •.•••• •-."•.

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OsageRNPS USE ONLY

COMMON: st. Joseph ChurchAND/OR HISTORIC:

OCATKJN '•••:••:.. :• •:•. '.-=>•:••.:.•.:." :':•, • . ••:•:-.

Main Street, four blocks east of Highway 63CITY OR TOWN:

1 WestphaliaSTATE: , CODE COUNTY:

Missouri 65085 29 OsaeeHO.lr0::'R-E.f-CR.£HGE • - ...'"••' :.....'

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CODE

151

PHOTO CREDIT, w. Philip Cotton, Jr.. A. I. A.DATE OF PHOTO: June 13, 1969

NEGATIVE FIUED AT: Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 17-6, 1204 Jefferson Buildine. Jefferson (J^tv. Missouri 651Q1

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Looking northeast, view of southwest side (left) and south, southeast side (right) of the church. The apse is devoid of ornamentation except for the small found-arched window on the southwest side.

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NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PU

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Hain Street, four blocks east of Hiehwav 63CITY OR TOWN:

WestphaliaSTATE:

Missouri 65085t-JOTO REFERENCE •"•••>•,:••.' .. : : . •= . '; «- : =

PHOTO CREDIT: vj . Philip Cotton, Jr.

CODE

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COUNTY:

Osage

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4EOATive FILED AT: Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box

1204 Jefferson Build^ne. JeffersonDSNtiFICXtiON

CODE

151

176, Citv. Missouri 65101

Looking southeast, view of west walls of the sacristy and apse portions of the church.

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Missouri State Park Board, P.O. Box 176,

1204 Jefferson Building. Jefferson City. Missouri 65101

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missouri - dnr · 2015. 1. 9. · magnificent stained art glass depicting various saints. evidence...

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