Facts of Matter

MATTER

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Matter has mass (grams)Matter has volume (cc, ml, L)

Classification of Matter

MATTER

I. Homogeneous Mixtures

A. Pure Substances

1. Compounds

2. Elements

II. Heterogeneous Mixtures

Pure Substances

What makes a substance pure? A sample of the substance will have the

same properties as any other sample of that substance

Example: water - pure water has the same properties as any other sample of pure water in the world

Atoms

Building blocks of matterThe type of atom and how the atoms

interact with each other gives us the properties of matter Bonded Not bonded but close enough to each other

to interact

Elements

Substance that can not be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means

Simplest form of matter Pure substances Can be single atoms, or molecules (two or

more atoms chemically combined or bonded) 7 molecules - Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

Compound

A substance that is made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined

Can be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction

The atoms are bonded together, so the atoms in the molecule act as one unit Covalent (shared electrons) Ionic (held together by positive and negative

atoms)

Important characteristics of a Compound Elements making up a compound are

combined in a definite proportion by mass - the proportion is the same in all samples of the compound

The chemical and physical properties differ from the properties of it’s constituent elements

Compounds can be formed from simpler substances by a chemical change

• Element + Element• Element + Compound1. Compound + Compound

Characteristics con’t

Compounds are formed from simpler substances (elements and compounds) through a chemical change

Must use the chemical changes to break down the compound into it’s constituent substances

Mixtures

Matter that consists of parts that have different properties

Examples: air, salt water, milkMixtures contain two or more

substances which retain their individual properties when in the mixture

Characteristics that distinguish mixtures from elements Mixtures retain the properties of each

of the constituents This characteristic can be used to

separate a mixture into it’s constituents Can use physical properties to separate

Characteristics con’t

Composition of an element or compound is fixed. Composition of a mixture varies

Characteristics con’t

Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous Homogeneous - uniform characteristics

throughout. E.g. solution Heterogeneous - composition changes

throughout