minnesota first detectors mountain pine beetle what is it? where is it? why do we care? what is the...
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Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain pine beetle
What is it?
Where is it?
Why do we care?
What is the risk?
How is it managed?
Photo: Blackwater, British Columbia; Brian Aukema UMN
Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain pine beetle
What is it? An outbreaking species of bark beetle on pine
Where is it? Western North America, spreading east, especially in
Canada
Why do we care? If it gains Minnesota, it could outbreak in white, jack, red pine
What is the risk? At this time, extremely low
How is it managed? Primarily by managing the host, not the insect
Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain Pine BeetleWhat is it?
A native bark beetle that colonize trees using 1. Aggregation pheromones that attract mates –
thousands of them
Photo: Ewing Teen / Brian Aukema UMN
Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain Pine BeetleWhat is it?
A native bark beetle that colonize trees using 1. Aggregation pheromones that attract mates –
thousands of them 2. Bluestain fungi that impede the defensive
response of the tree
Photo: Brian Aukema UMN
Adults(July – August)
Eggs(August –
September)
Larvae(September –
June)
Pupae(June –
July)
Newadults (July)
Life Cycle
Mountain Pine BeetleWhere is it?
Historic distribution on lodgepole pine throughout western North America
Includes the Black Hills of South Dakota (~ 600 miles from susceptible habitat In Minnesota)
AZNM
COUT
OR IDWYNV
WA MT
BC
AB
YT
CA
SK
ND
Adapted from Amman and friends 1985
Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain Pine BeetleWhere is it?
The threat to Minnesota is from the north through the Canadian boreal forest
Map: Honey-Marie de la Giroday / Brian Aukema UMN
Eastern white pine
Lodgepole pine
Red pine
Jack pine
Mountain pine beetle
Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain Pine BeetleThreat Level: The Bad
The beetle is a generalist on pines It is reproducing on lodgepole-jack pine hybrids
that are more like jack pine than lodgepole Early performance data is clear: it is doing well on
trees in areas not historically exposed to populations of this insect (Cudmore et al. 2010)
Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain Pine BeetleThreat Level: The Good
Endemic populations do not establish easily (i.e., we do not expect to find single beetles)
Likely establishment route would be aerial transport of huge numbers from outbreaking source populations Likely to find first in forest vs. urban settings
These are still two provinces away Aggressive management strategies in place Climatic suitabilities uncertain through
Canadian boreal (e.g., for larval overwintering survival)
Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain Pine BeetleManagement
1. Short term prevention (beetle populations) E.g. Antiaggregation pheromones for high-
value trees 2. Longer term (manage the host)
Fall and burn, silvicultural solutions, prescribed fire, etc.
Minnesota First Detectors
Mountain Pine BeetleManagement
1. Short term prevention (beetle populations) E.g. Antiaggregation pheromones for high-
value trees 2. Longer term (manage the host)
Fall and burn, silvicultural solutions, prescribed fire, etc. Questions?
Brian AukemaAssistant ProfessorForest Entomology
University of Minnesota
www.forest-insects.umn.edu