MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAININGTRAINING

HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYHCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

Members1. Bùi Việt Cường (09DTH2)

2. Nguyễn Hưng Thiện

3. Nguyễn Đắc Bình Minh

4. Mai Hoàng Trí

5. Nguyễn Bá Thanh Tùng

6. Phạm Thanh Phong

Instructor: Vũ Thị Mai

I. PronounsI.1 Personal pronouns

I.1.1 Subjective pronouns I.1.2 Objective pronouns

I.2 Possessive pronounsI.3 Possessive adjective I.4 Reflexive Pronouns I.5 Demonstrative pronouns I.6 Indefinite PronounsI.7 Relative Pronouns

II. PrepositionsII.1 Kinds of prepositionsII.2 The uses of prepositions

III. Exercises

I.1 Personal pronouns I.1.1 Subjective pronouns

Singular Plural

I We

You You

He/She/It They

Ex: I am going to the storeGeorge and I would like to leave nowIt was she who called you

I.1.2 Objective pronouns

I Me

You You

He Him

She Her

We Us

It It

They Them

Ex:

They called us on the telephoneThe policeman was looking for him

Usage of “it”

*Pronoun it is used for specific things or abstract ideas for animal useEx:

I tried the door. It was lockedHe promised his help if even i needed it

*Pronoun use it for a unknown personEx:

There was a knock at the door. I thought it was the postman

*Pronoun it is used to talk about an idea is mentioned in a phrase, a sentence, a sentence in the previousEx:

The music had stopped. He didn’t notice it

*Pronoun it is used to talk about an idea is mentioned in a phrase, a sentence, a sentence in the previousEx:

It is raining heavily*“It” as a formal subject is also found in the sentence means that a word is added by a phrase or a clause following itEx:

It is stupid to fall asleep like thatIt was a surprise that he had come back so soon

*The pronoun it can also be used as a formal object, it is followed by an adjective or noun modifier by the phrase or clauseEx:

I found it difficult to explain this to himHe thought it no use going over the subject again

*The pronoun it can also be used as a formal object, it is followed by an adjective or noun modifier by the phrase or clauseEx:

It was my question that made him angry*Pronoun it is used sometimes in the special intimate terms with natureEx:

If the teacher sees you doing that, you’ll catch it

I.2 Possessive pronounsPossessive pronouns are closely associated with personal

pronouns. It does not stand before the noun, just replace the word has been said:

I Mine

You Yours

He His

She Her

We Ours

It Its

They TheirsEx:

He is a friend of mine (dual ownership: of + possessive pronouns)She put her arm through mine (mine = my arm)

I.3 Possessive adjective

Personal pronouns Possessive AdjectivesI MyYou YourHe HisShe HerIt ItsWe OurYou YourThey Their

*The adjective always precedes the name property from which it owns and the nouns have no articles to followEx:

My mother, his work, our office……

*Possessive Adjectives used to refer to a person or animal belonging to a certain house.

*Possessive Adjectives in English depend on owners who do not change the number of objects that are ownedEx:

He sees his grandfather

I.4 Reflexive PronounsReflexive pronouns are used as the pronoun in the sentence. It indicates that

the subject has recently received for action. In other words, the subject of the sentence and the new one are just the same

I Myself You Yourself He Himself She Herself It Itself We Ourselves You Yourselves They Themselves

Ex:John bought him a new car ( him = another person)Jonh bought himself a new car ( himself = John)

*Reflexive pronouns can function as pronouns in sentencesEx:

She served herself in the cafeteriaHe sent himself the letter

*Reflexive pronouns can also be used to emphasize (the subject performs an action). In this case it is usually behind the subjectEx:

The students themselves decorated the room

By + reflexive pronouns = aloneEx:

John washed the dishes by himself = John washed the dishes alone

I.5 Demonstrative pronouns

This(người này, cái này) These(các người này,các cái này)

That(người kia, cái kia) Those(các người kia, các cái kia)

Such(như thế này)

Same(như nhau)

*Pronoun "this (these)" to indicate what the near space, time or concepts, "that (those)" to indicate what further afieldEx:

Do you know these people? This is Harry and this is JaneDo you see those houses in the distance? That’s where we are going

I.6 Indefinite Pronouns1. Some: somebody, someone, something

-“Some” are used in statements and go with the singularEx:

There’s somebody at the doorI’ve got something to tell you-“Some” are used in questions when the answer is "yes”

Ex:Have you got something in your eyes?( I see something in your eyes)-"Some" is used to invite or require anything

Ex:Would you like something to drink?

2. Any: anybody, anyone, anything-Any" is used in negative sentences and questions and go with singular

Ex:Is there anybody in the room?-"Any" is used in the clause "if"

Ex:If anyone has any question, I’ll pleased to answer them`

3. No: nobody, no one, nothing-"No" is used with a negative meaning, it can stand in the first sentence

or stand aloneEx:

What did you say? – Nothing- “Nothing, nobody….” = “ not + anything, anybody…”

Ex:She didn’t tell anybody about her plans(She told nobody about her plans)-"No" is used with the verb in the singular form

Ex:The house is empty. There’s nobody living there.-When using "nothing, nobody" is not used from negative

Ex:Correct : He said nothingIncorrect: He didn’t said nothing-After "nobody, no-one can use" they, them, their "

Ex:Nobody phoned, did they?

I.7 Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns include "who, whom, which, whose, that" are used to connect to the main clause subordinate clauseEx:

The man who is standing overthere is Mr. JackThis is the book which I like best

Definition

“Preposition is a word, which is used before a noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun , connecting it to another word.”

II.1 Kinds of prepositions

@ Simple prepositions: Prepositions which consists only one word.

e.g. in, on, at, with, against etc..,

@ Compound prepositions: Prepositions which consists of two or more words.

e.g. instead of, in the middle of, by the side of etc..,

Some prepositions:

I1.1  Prepositions of place and position:

* Prepositions show position Ex: Ted was sitting next to Janet. The bank is opposite the cinema.

* Prepositions also show place Ex: I’m sitting in the room. Sue lives on an island.

II.2 Prepositions of Time*Some prepositions show when something happens.

They are called prepositions of time. Ex:

School startsSchool starts atat nine o’clock.nine o’clock.

We’re going to the zoo We’re going to the zoo onon Saturday.Saturday.

No, you can’t watch a video. It’sNo, you can’t watch a video. It’s pastpast your bedtime your bedtime already.already.

I visited my grandparentsI visited my grandparents duringduring the summer. the summer.

You must finish the work You must finish the work byby Friday. Friday.

I’ll do my homework I’ll do my homework beforebefore dinner.dinner.

II.3 Prepositions of Direction*Some prepositions show where something is going.

They are called prepositions of direction.

Ex:The boys chased after each other.

The football rolled down the hill.

A man was walking his dog along the riverbank.

The freeway goes right through the city.

We were travelling towards Miami.

II.4 Problem of useI1.4.1 AT and TO: TO is often used with verbs of motion. Ex: - That airplane flies to Japan. - We decide to go to the museum. - They moved the table to the corner.  AT cannot be used with verbs of motion. Ex: - The train will stop at Manchester. - They arrived at the cinema at last. - He will meet his friends at the party.

II.4.2 NEAR and NEXT TO: NEXT TO: means “beside” Ex: - John is the boy who stands next to the door. - The bookshop is next to the supermarket.  N E T X O T NEAR : + means “not far away from” + can be a matter of opinion + relies on each person’s view Ex: - My birthday is very near Christmas. - The supermarket is very near the station.

 II.4.3 ABOVE and OVER: Both mean “higher than” Ex: - There is something written above / over the door. - They built a new room above / over the tree.

ABOVE is used in comparison with a stable object. Ex: There is a plane above the clouds.

The bridge is 160 feet above the sea level.

  OVER is used to suggest closeness or touching. Ex: He put a blanket over the sleeping child.

They spread the map over the table.

II.4.4 IN and AT: Places IN refers to towns, countries and the “inside” of places. Ex: - They live in England. - Yesterday she was in the city. - My sister is in the garden now.

AT refers to points with a particular purpose rather than “inside”. Ex: - She lives at home. - He met her at the park.

II.5 Prepositions at the end of a sentence: Ex: What are you seeking for? It’s quite a hard problem to deal with! That‘s the man whom I am waiting for.

- Can be found in questions, infinitive clauses, relative clauses, … - Usually go with verb.

Question

Infinitive

Relative Clause

II.6 Other uses: 1. Some prepositions can be used as adverbs without an object.Ex: - There's a man with a dog sitting opposite.

- I can't see anyone around.

  2. There are many fixed phrases containing prepositions, such as: by mistake, on purpose, out of order, … Ex: - Your guitar sounds awful! It seems to be out of tune. - My Ferrari crashed into the lamp-post by mistake.

III. Exercises