mindfulness, mental health, and the brainnamiswoh.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/31/2015/07/... ·...
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Mindfulness,
Mental Health,
and the Brain
Richard W. Sears, PsyD, PhD, MBA, ABPP
Clinical Psychologist, Private Practice
Alliance Institute for Integrative Medicine
UC Center for Integrative Medicine
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Stress Response
Adrenalin & cortisol
Heart rate & blood pressure
Digestion stops
Muscles tighten
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Stress Response
short-term – helpful – then relax
long-term – many problems
90% of doctor’s visits have a stress component
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What is Mindfulness? “the awareness that emerges
through paying attention
on purpose,
in the present moment,
and nonjudgmentally
to the unfolding of experience
moment to moment”
(Kabat-Zinn, 2003, p. 145)
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Being vs. Doing
Being: Present focused
Doing: Future focused
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What is Mindfulness?
Relating differently to stress
Worry
Getting stuck in vicious circles
Diving into the swimming pool
Stepping back from thoughts
Exercising the brain
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Brain Changes After 8 Weeks (Sara Lazar, PhD)
“Participating in an 8-week
mindfulness meditation program appears to make
measurable changes in brain regions associated with memory, sense of self, empathy and stress”
www.sciencedaily.com
Neurological Findings
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Neurological Findings
The Nine Middle Prefrontal Functions (The Mindful Brain, Dan Siegel MD)
• Body Regulation
• Attuned Communication
• Emotional Balance
• Response Flexibility
• Empathy
• Insight, or self-knowing awareness
• Fear modulation
• Intuition
• Morality
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Neurological Findings
Children - MBCT-C (12 wks)
Increased activation of structures that subserve interoception and processing of internal stimuli
Increased mindfulness predicts decreased amygdala activity during fear processing
• Increases in bilateral insula, lentiform nucleus,
thalamus, & left anterior cingulate while viewing emotional stimuli.
• Increased mindfulness associated with increased activation in bilateral anterior cingulate & insula during emotional stimuli.
• Post-tx decreases in right amygdala activation (Strawn, Cotton, Luberto, Patino, Stahl, Weber, Eliassen, Sears, & DelBello, 2014)
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Children - MBCT-C (Strawn et al, 2014)
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Research-Supported Treatments
http://www.psychologicaltreatments.org/ (APA Div 12)
Behavior Therapy and CBT
• “modest to strong research support”
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy
• “strong research support” (with CT-Depression)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
• “modest to strong research support”
Dialectical Behavior Therapy
• “strong research support”
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Mindfulness-Based Stress
Reduction (MBSR)
• Pioneered by Jon Kabat-Zinn
(Full Catastrophe Living)
• 8-week program
• Large groups
• Daily homework
• Incorporates yoga
• Initially used for stress & chronic pain
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Mindfulness-Based Cognitive
Therapy (MBCT)
• Pioneered by Segal, Teasdale, & Williams
• 8-week program, based on MBSR
• Smaller groups
• Daily homework, CBT assignments
• Incorporates CBT elements (recognizing cognitive
distortions, relapse prevention plan, etc)
• Initially used for prevention of depressive relapse
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Mindfulness-Based Relapse
Prevention (MBRP)
Pioneered by Alan Marlatt & Sarah Bowen 8-week program, based on MBSR/MBCT Person-Centered / Rogerian Approach Motivational Interviewing style “Urge surfing”
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy
(DBT)
Pioneered by Marsha Linehan > 6 months Team Approach
Indiv Th, Skills Group, Support Group, Crisis Line
Four major modules: Mindfulness (Wise Mind) Interpersonal Effectiveness Emotion Regulation Distress Tolerance
Mindfulness exercises are very brief Radical Acceptance
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Acceptance and Commitment
Therapy (ACT)
Pioneered by Steven C. Hayes
Relational Frame Theory /
Cognitive Fusion / Psychological
Flexibility
Acceptance/Mindfulness
Formal exercises are less emphasized
Commitment
Move toward values
Behavioral activation
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Other Interventions Under
Development
• Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training
(MB-EAT)
• Mindfulness-Based Elder Care (MBEC)
• Mindfulness-Based Childbirth & Parenting (MBCP)
• Mindfulness-Based Relationship Enhancement
(MBRE)
• MBCT-C (children)
• MBCT for Cancer
• MBCT for PTSD
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3-Minute Breathing Space
Minute 1 – Noticing this moment
Body, feelings, thoughts
Minute 2 – Breathe
Mind wanders, just bring it back
Minute 3 – Be in your body
If it’s already here, just feel it
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Mindful Living
Notice what you’re doing
Remember to breathe
Let go of struggle
Be kind to yourself
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Suggested Readings
Full Catastrophe Living -Jon Kabat-Zinn
Mindfulness: Living through Challenges and
Enriching Your Life in this Moment -Richard W. Sears
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Contact
Richard W. Sears
www.psych-insights.com
513-899-MIND (6463)
Alliance Integrative Medicine
www.myhealingpartner.com
513-791-5521