MILLIMETRE WAVE COMMUNICATION Ch. S. Geethika

Crisshn Walia

Deepika

Will we able to download large files at a rate of some Gbps?!

Is this possible?!

Yes!!

IS IT SOMETHING NEW?

No!

Has been a part of history!

• 1894-96 » Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose

•Radar •Military

•Automotive•Medical

WHY NOW?!!!

Not many green field bands left in low spectrum

Need for High data rates Increase efficiency of wireless

WHY NOT OPTIMIZE?Spectrum can be optimized using techniques like OFDM, MIMO, multi-user diversity, etc.

Still, no control over the continuous overwhelming capacity demands!

Need space to accommodate the new users!

Reduced cost of transceivers used in commercial applications

WHAT IS MILLIMETRE WAVE?

SPECTRUM ALLOCATED FOR MMB

PROPAGATIONFree Space Propagation – transmission loss, isotropic antenna

Material penetration loss Oxygen and water absorption Foliage absorption Rain absorption Diffraction – small Fresnel radii –can pass through narrow gaps - lower loss

Ground reflection

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

REQUIREMENTS Propagation loss for omnidirectional transmission is significantly worse at higher carrier frequencies - directional antennas are preferred

Limited ability to diffract around obstacles and hence susceptible to blockage.

For sufficient Signal to Noise ratio, less bandwidth efficient modulation schemes are preferable

TDMA reduces interference between adjacent channels caused in FDMA

Phased array technique is best to compensate path loss.

Usage of smaller cells (Pico, micro & femto cells) - require less power, lesser cost, smaller footprint- more frequency reuse.

PROBLEM: How to connect these base stations i.e., wired or wireless connections?

Wiring can create visual pollution

Interferencelimited cellular network

MMB OVERLAY ON CELLULAR

HETEROGENOUSMMB+4G NETWORKS

MMB IN-BAND DYNAMIC BACKHAULING

WITH MODELS FOR BLOCKAGE EFFECTS

Takes care of the fact that high frequencies propagate in LOS

ADVANTAGES Reliable and Faster wireless link

Higher reuse of spectrum

Increase in base station density

Minimized latency or lags

Accommodates VoIP & live data streaming

High directionality in sensing

No need of channelization of spectrum

Basic Modulation techniques are sufficient

High throughput

Better spatial resolution

Beamforming enhances the gain of the strongest paths while suppresses others

Immune to interference.

Higher data usageIncreased mobile-mobile communication

Establishing ad-hoc networks

Vehicular radiation and collision avoidance

DISADVANTAGESSmaller component size, increasing the need for great precision in manufacturing Greater costs

Narrow beam widths problem in target search and acquisition

Smaller antennas store less energy in receiving system

lower sensitivityLimited communication range due to attenuationPoor foliage penetration

APPLICATIONSRadio astronomyWireless backhaul Inter-satellite linkHigh resolution radarSecurity screeningAmateur radioMetro Network sources (MAN)Cellular Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

Inter-Vehicle Communication System

Transmitter & Receiver

Transmitter & Receiver

FUTURE APPLICATIONS

CONCLUSIONWireless take over magnetic and wired connections

By 2020, we will have devices above 100 GHz and data rates around 20 Gbps in 5G and 6G cellular networks --- hope so! ;)

A new frontier of researchThe Renaissance of wireless can lead us to…

1,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000

To Zettabytes…

and beyond

BYTES

REFERENCES

http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/smart-antennas-could-open-up-new-spectrum-for-5g

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5783993