MIGRATION, ENVIRONMENT

AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Consultations Civil Society-IOM

2015

Dina IONESCO, Head MECC Division,

Department for Migration Management

A Unique Institutional Approach

2

IOM : a double process

The operational

strand

The analytical and research

strand

Connecting

policy

evidence

and

operations

MECC on IOM’s Agenda

1992- First “Migration &

Environment”

Publication

1998- Operational

responses to Ouragan

Mitch

2007 – Expert Seminar

94th IOM Council Paper

2008- SCPF

Launch of CCEMA

2009- IOM Compendium

Assessing the Evidence

Publication

2011- International

Dialogue on Migration

(IDM): 80 states

2012- Migration Crisis

Operational Framework

(MCOF)

2013- Second IOM

Compendium

All 9 Regional Strategies

feature MECC, IOM in

Nansen, IOM Missions

survey on environmental

migration: 53 offices

2014- launch of MECLEP,

MECC at SCPF

Bangladesh- CVF-IOM

High Level Lunch, Exhibit

at UN, Structural Review

recommends creation of

Division

MECC at Council High

level Panel

2015- MECC Division

MECC at SCPF

Developments 1990-2000s

4

Institutional developments

1992- first IOM “Migration and the

Environment” Publication

1998- responses to Ouragan Mitch:

displacement induced by natural disasters

2007-

Expert Seminar on Migration and the

Environment (IOM and UNFPA)

94th IOM Council paper

2008-

UNFCCC COP14 Poznan, 1st Interagency side

event on mobility

Intergovernmental Authority on Development

for Eastern Africa IGAD mentions migration

and environment

2008- SCPF paper on “Migration and

Environment”

Climate Change, Environment, and

Migration Alliance (CCEMA) IOM, UNEP,

UNU, Munich Re

2009-

First IOM Compendium: over 500

projects between 2000 and 2009 “Assessing the Evidence” Publication

International developments

1990- 1st Intergovernmental Panel

on Climate Change (IPCC) Report

2006- Cluster system, Camp Management and

Camp Coordination (CCCM) IOM lead on

natural disasters

2009-

UNFCCC COP15 Copenhagen

Resolution United Nations Human Rights

Council human rights and climate change.

2007-

4th IPCC Report

EACH-FOR project, European Commission

2010- UNFCCC COP 16 Cancun

Paragraph 14F on migration

Developments 2010-2015

5

Institutional developments

2011- International Dialogue on

Migration (IDM): 80 states

2012- Migration Crisis Operational Framework

2013-

IOM Missions survey on environmental migration: 53

offices

Second IOM Compendium: over 250 projects

between 2009 and 2013 USD 729,353,585

All Regional Strategies feature MECC

International developments 2011-

COP17 Durban advances on Green Climate Fund and

National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)

Global Migration Group (GMG) Statement on Migration

and Climate

1st European Commission Communication

Dhaka Ministerial Declaration mentions climate and

migration

Colombo Process mentions migration, climate and

environment

2012– UNFCCC Doha Paragraph 7(a)(vi) COP18 on

Loss and Damage and human mobility

2013-

Launch of the Nansen Initiative

Climate Vulnerable Forum

EC Adaptation Strategy and Working paper on Migration and

Environment

UN High Level Dialogue on International Migration and

Development

Resolution 46th UN Commission on Population and

Development (OP28) mentions climate and migration

2014-

5th IPCC Report

UN SG Climate Summit

Small Islands Developing States conference

UNFCCC COP20 Lima: migration in preliminary text

2014-

Migration and Environment: Evidence for Policy

(MECLEP)

Migrants in Countries in Crises Initiative (MICCI)

Joint submission interagency National Adaptation

Plans (NAPs)

Joint interagency Side events in all key processes and

contributions via HLCP

SCPF: membership selects MECC for

discussion

Developments 2015-

6

Institutional developments

2015

Creation of MECC Division in DMM

SCPF: Membership selected MECC for

discussion

IOM CSO Consultation features Session

on MECC

MECC regional Focal Points nominated

MECC in Programme and Budget, in

Migration Initiative, Project endorsement

line

MECC first Internal Training

International developments

2015

Human Rights Council: climate and justice the

Geneva Pledge

Second Hyogo framework of action adopted

featuring human mobility and displacement

Nansen Initiative Global Consultation and future

arrangements

UNCCD COP Turkey

Global RCPs meeting: Session on MECC

COP21 UNFCCC Paris Climate negotiations

“Double sensitivity”

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Migration

Climate

Account for Institutional Change

Recommendation of 2014 Structural

Review, Council Endorsement

First international institution with a

structure focused on MECC

MECC Division 1st January 2015

Institutional Focal Points

Recognize Environmental and Climatic Factors

A complex multi-

causal phenomenon

Impacts of both sudden

and slow onset

events

Climate change as an

exacerbating factor

Gender contextual

dimensions

Conceptual framework

10

Safety Opportunities

Marginalization New risks

Mobile people

Loss of human capital Demographic unbalance

Household & community of origin

Livelihood diversification Resources

Community of destination

Increased cultural diversity Support to local economy

Stress on market & services Environmental degradation

Dual link between mobility and risk

Mobility as a factor of resilience and vulnerability

11

Terminology challenge

12

Climate

environmental

refugees

Environmental

migrants IOM

definition 2007

Forced voluntary migration

Internally displaced people

Planned relocation

Trapped populations

Environmental exiles

Climate induced

migration

Human mobility

What is an environmental

migrant?

13

A Working Definition, IOM 2007

“Environmental migrants are persons or groups of persons who,

for compelling reasons of sudden or progressive change in the

environment that adversely affects their lives or living conditions,

are obliged to leave their habitual homes, or choose to do so,

either temporarily or permanently, and who move either within

their country or abroad.”

Who is affected?

By 2025, up to 2.4 billion worldwide will be living in areas

subject to periods of intense drought

50 million in areas subject to desertification (UNCCD)

By 2020, between 75-250 million people in Africa will be

exposed to water stress due to climate change (IPCC)

10% of the world’s population in 50 largest world cities

located in low elevation coastal zones (less than10m above

sea level) will be affected by sea level rise (IPCC)

Between 2008 - 2013 an average of 27 million people each

year were newly displaced by disasters (IDMC).

Slow onset degradation data

15

Natural disaster displacement

16

Three main objectives

18

i. To prevent forced migration

resulting from environmental

factors

ii. To provide assistance and

protection to affected populations

and seek durable solutions where

forced migration does occur

iii. To facilitate migration as a possible

adaptation strategy to climate

change.

TRANSVERSAL ACTIVITIES

@Susanne Melde 2015

© IOM October 2009

Consolidating Capacities

Climatic and environmental drivers pose new migration management

challenges and require capacities to address them across policy areas

@IOM 2014

New Evidence

Migration, Environment and Climate

Change: Evidence for

Policy (MECLEP)

• National Assessments

• Policy Dialogues

• Technical Working Groups

• Researchers’ Workshops

• Household Research

• Glossary

• Training Manual

• Policy Briefs

• Environmental Migration Portal

20

The Atlas of Environmental Migration

21

Develop of MECC Activities Technical supervision of project

development, review and

endorsement to experts in the

field

Review, endorse and manage

global projects

Mainstream environmental and

climatic factors in other migration

management sectors

IDF Projects: Kirghizstan,

PNG, Peru, Senegal, Egypt,

Kenya, Bangladesh, Mauritius,

Mali, Tajikistan, Cambodia

Inclusion of Migration in the Climate

Negotiations

Human Mobility at UNFCCC

2015 the Year for Climate Action

“Climate induced migration,

displacement and planned relocation”

Adaptation

Loss and damage

Mitigation

Financing

Technological Transfers

Migrant centred approach

25

IOM Contributions to Paris Climate Negotiations

High Level Participation

Technical Inputs

Side events with partners

Exhibit at Musée de l’Histoire de l’Immigration Paris

Environmental Migrants Stories

Intended Development National Contributions

Agenda for Solutions

National Adaptation Plans

Partnerships

Comité 21 Paris (5 Nov.) Colloque d’ouverture, Grand Palais « Les conflits climatiques seront-ils ceux de demain ? » Bettina Laville et Solutions COP21, Club France Développement Durable

COIN

CARE

On disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change: Action contre la Faim, French Red Cross, Solidarités International, Handicap International

Conference of INGOs - Council of Europe

ONE UN Action

Human mobility within

One UN Climate Group

action

One UN organized side

event and Stand on

Human Mobility and

Climate at COP21

Advisory Group Action Advisory Working Group

IOM, UNHCR, UNU, IDMC,

NRC, CVF, UNDP, ILO

Coordinated action and

submissions to UNFCCC to

bring human mobility in

negotiated text

Members of Advisory Group in Bonn June 2015 @IOM

30

Focus on the Protection Agenda, Collaboration with the Nansen Initiative

IOM Standing Invitee of the Steering Group,

member of the Consultative Committee

Contributes to Regional Consultations,

Research, Civil society consultations co-

organized Bangladesh consultation

Global Consultation (Oct 2015)

Institutional Arrangements in discussion

International Organization for Migration

PORTAL:

http://environmentamigration.iom.int

NEWSLETTER

http://www.iom.int/newsletters/issue53

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32

Environmental events and

processes

33

Natural hazards: Meteorological (extreme temperature, fog storms)

Hydrological (floods, landslides)

Climatological (drought, glacier lake burst, wild fire)

Geophysical (earthquakes, tsunami)

Impact of natural hazards is influenced by human activity

(deforestation, dams, over use of land)

Disasters :

Serious disruption of the society/community functioning and losses

that exceed the ability of a community or society to cope

Environmental events and

processes

34

Climate change :

identified change in the climate over extended periods

Climate extremes:

Sea level rise; Change in tropical storms and cyclone emergency;

Change in rainfall patterns; Increase in temperatures; Melting of

mountain glaciers

Slow onset events include:

Sea level rise; Increasing temperatures; Ocean acidification; Glacial

retreat; Land salinization; Forest degradation; Desertification; Loss

of biodiversity

Adaptation Strategies and Migration

36

A partnership focused on land degradation,

rehabilitation, management and with

inclusion of migrants and diasporas

IOM and UN Convention to Combat

Desertification (UNCCD)

UNCCD COP Turkey October

2015

Project IOM Rome with Senegal,

Niger and Burkina Faso on innovative

funding, diasporas and land based

adaptation

©Zoï International- IOM-UNCCD

The 2015 Agenda and Migration

37

Sendai Framework

for Disaster Risk

Reduction 2015-

2030 features

significant human

mobility and

displacement

language

Migration, climate

and SDGs

38

A partnership with CVF driven by the countries most

vulnerable to climate change focused on building

capacities

Focus on Countries Most Vulnerable to Climate Change

• Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Barbados,

Bhutan, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Ghana,

Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives,

Nepal, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia,

Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vanuatu

and Vietnam

• Bangladesh commitment on migration,

one of the six pillars of action