migration
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Migration. Chapter 3. Migration. Migration A change in residence that is intended to be permanent. Emigration- leaving a country. Immigration -entering a country. Little Haiti, Miami, Florida. On average, Americans move once every 6 years. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Migration
Chapter 3
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Migration
• Migration A change in residence that is intended to be permanent.
• Emigration-leaving a country.
• Immigration-entering a country.
Little Haiti, Miami, Florida
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• On average, Americans move once every 6 years.• US population is the most mobile in the world with
over 5 million moving from 1 state to another every year.
• 35 million move within a state, county or community each year.
• Migration a key factor in the speed of diffusion of ideas and innovation.
• Our perception of distance and direction are often distorted-thus a sizable % of migrants return to their original home due to these distorted perceptions.
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Types of Migration
• Forced Migration-migrants have no choice-must leave.
• periodic movement-short term (weeks or months) seasonal migration to college, winter in the south, etc.
• Cyclic movement-daily movement to work, shopping.
• Transhumance-seasonal pastoral farming-Switzerland, Horn of Africa.
• Nomadism-cyclical, yet irregular migration that follows the growth of vegetation.
Commuter train in Soweto,South Africa
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Key Factors in Migration• External Migration-from one country to
another (emigration & immigration)• Internal Migration-from one part of a country
to another part• Direction:– Absolute-compass directions– Relative-Sun Belt, Middle East, Far East, Near East
• Distance:– Relative distance“as the crow flies” – Absolute distance -actual distance due to routes
taken such as highways or railroads
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Catalysts of Migration• Economic conditions-poverty
and a desire for opportunity.• Political conditions-
persecution, expulsion, or war.• Environmental conditions-crop
failures, floods, drought, environmentally induced famine.
• Culture and tradition-threatened by change.
• Technology-easier and cheaper transport or change in livability.
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• Chain migration-migration of people to a specific location because of relatives or members of the same nationality already there.
• Step migration-short moves in stages-e.g. Brazilian family moves from village to town and then finally Sao Paulo or Rio de Janeiro
• Refugees-those who have been forced to migrate.• Push-Pull Factors-push factors induce people to leave.
Pull factors encourage people to move to an area.• Distance decay-contact diminishes with increasing
distance. (both diffusion and migration)• Intervening opportunity-alternative destinations that can
be reached more quickly and easily.
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Internal Migration - Movement within a single country’s borders (implying
a degree of permanence).
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Distance Decay weighs into the decision to migrate, leading many migrants to move less far than they originally contemplate.
Voluntary Migration – Migrants weigh push and pull factors to decide first, to emigrate from the home country and
second, where to go.
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Economic Conditions – Migrants will often risk their lives in hopes of economic opportunities that will enable them to send money home (remittances) to their family members who remain behind.
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Central and South American men waitingOutside of “Bar Honduras” in Nuevo Laredo.
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• A massive dump site in Arizona’s Upper Altar Valley. After walking 40 miles through the desert, immigrants are met here by coyotes. They are told to dump their old clothes & packs and put on more “American” looking clothes the coyotes have brought. They then begin the trip to an urban stash house.