Migrating to 11g -

Step-Ordered Approach

April Sims

Southern Utah University OCP 8i,9i,10g

Contributing Editor

If you want to become an

author or reviewer….

DBA or Dinosaur?

Are you still on version 7.3.4 of Oracle?

Rarely go to meetings with other human beings?

Do people wonder what do you do all day?

Did you “network” with others at the conference? Did you bring any

business cards to pass around?

Do you only “linger” on email lists?

Do you know what the newest version of Oracle is? Can you list at

least 5 of the new features for that version?

Do you have a migration to the next CPU,

patchset, version, hardware replacement in

progress?

Change is our business. Business is changing.

Outage Windows Shrinking

• Upgrade process can be in STEPS

• Mixed Environment – harder with Windows

• Smaller Outages – component by component

• Safer Migration – no longer all or none

• Less stress – more confidence in fallback

position

• Maximum Availability Architecture *

• 11g Upgrade Companion ** extensive doc

Compatible with Earlier

Versions*

• Oracle Net Services: LISTENER.ORA,

SQLNET.ORA

• Clients (SQLNET, JDBC, ODBC )

• RMAN Catalog and Database

• Grid Control Repository Database

• ASM (Migrating or new installation)

• EXPORT/IMPORT compatibility**

Before Starting

• Database Healthcheck*

• New Hardware – Recommended for point releases

or replace in three years at end of warranty, commodity hardware

• Document Current Environment – Wiki, OCM

• Mod-Tracking Software/Code Repository**

• Environment Adaptable to Change

• Install Highest Version and CPU available

• Check out 4thQ 2008 issue of “SELECT” –

“How Dell IT Enforces Global Standards

through Automation” ***

Oracle Configuration

Manager – Metalink

• Requires Metalink account under “My Configs and Projects”

• Secure, automated configuration collection using Oracle's Configuration Manager

• Proactive configuration-specific notification of security and product alerts

• Proactive HealthChecks based on best practices

• Simplified Service Request logging, tracking and reporting

• Ability to define key projects, contacts and milestones

Determine Resource Costs

Percentage of Time for DBA Tasks

55% Ongoing Maintenance

12% Database Creation/Configuration

6% Loading/Archiving Data

6% Installation

6% Software Management

* From IOUG survey

Enviroment Adaptable to Change?

Not so Good….

• Hard-coded Passwords

• Hard-coded

Environmental Variables

• Profile presets variables

Better….

• Pull from a protected

password file or database

• Custom Dynamic

Environmental Variables

Using ORACLE_SID

• Use oratab and oraenv

• Move C, COBOL batch

processing off database

server * (TWO_TASK)

• Use alias **Unix*oracle recommendation – removes

64-bit vs 32-bit dependencies

Pull From a Password File

Unix Example:

PASS=`grep username /u01/.protectedfile | cut -

f 2`; export PASS

Pulls both username and password

Password file needs to have entries:

username/password

PASS=`grep username /u01/.protectedfile | cut -

d / -f 2`; export PASS

Pulls only password

Custom Dynamic Environmental

Variables using ORACLE_SID

• Set variables as needed.

• Use ORAENV to Source Variables

# Install any "custom" code here

case "$ORACLE_SID" in

"SID") . /u01/app/oracle/SID.ini ;;

"SIDT") . /u01/app/oracle/SIDT.ini ;;

"SIDD") . /u01/app/oracle/SIDD.ini;;

esac

• ORAENV_ASK=NO; export ORAENV_ASK

SIDT.ini

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10gR2

PATH=$MY_EXE_HOME:$MY_LINKS:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

ORACLE_SID=SIDT

export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME PATH

Instead of hard-coding environmental variables into

your profile, set them when executing oraenv

Migration

Time Frame

• 3 months – CPU

• 6 months – Major

Patchset

• 1 – 2 years – Next Major

Release

Testing Tools*

• Batch Processes – Large amount

of redo

• OSWatcher

• Orion

• Statspack

• AWR – requires “Pack” license

• Real Application Testing -11g

• Proactive = Forecasting***

Proactive = Forecasting

• CPU and I/O Systems

• Key Metrics – utilization, queue length and

response time

• Formula for different what-if scenarios

• Need OS statistics and Oracle statistics

• www.orapub.com

• “BALLPARK” numbers- not exact

CPU Formula Variables

λ : Workload arrival rate (v$sysstat)

S : Time to service one workload unit (derived)

U : Utilization or CPU busyness. (sar)

Q : Queue length (derived)

M : Number of CPUs

R : Response Time

W : Wait Time

U = ( S λ ) / M R = S / (1 - U^M) Q = ( MU / (1 - U^M) ) – M R = S + W

Case - 4X SunFire 4800 64

Normal Production Workload

SunOS nodename 5.9 Generic_117171-07 sun4u 08/15/2006

09:00:51 %usr %sys %wio %idle

09:01:51 21 17 1 61

User Calls/Second in the same time period

= 85.29/second (user calls/second)

M= 4 (number of CPUs)

U= .39 or 39% (utilization)

Math

S = 0.018 sec/call ; U = ( S λ ) / M

0.39 = ( S * 85.29 ) / 4

R = 0.018 sec/call ; R = S / (1 - U^M)

R = 0.018 / ( 1 – 0.39^4 )

Q = -3.417 calls ; Q = ( MU / (1 - U^M) ) – M

Q = ( 4*0.39/(1-0.39^4) ) – 4

To calculate derived numbers

Forecasting – Sun Lambda U R Queue

0 start point 85.29 0.39 0.02 -2.40

22% 104.05 0.48 0.02 -1.99

44% 126.95 0.58 0.02 -1.38

66% 154.87 0.71 0.02 -0.22

88% 188.95 0.86 0.04 3.80

110% 230.51 1.05 -0.08 -21.99

132% 281.23 1.29 -0.01 -6.97

154% 343.10 1.57 -0.004 -5.24

176% 418.58 1.91 0.002 -4.62

Case – 8X Dell Linux 16 GB 64

HUGE WEBLOAD simulation

> sar -u 60 20

Linux 2.6.9-34.0.2.ELsmp (nodename) 08/16/2006

08:16:45 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %idle

08:17:45 AM all 67.28 0.00 11.86 3.26 17.60

08:18:45 AM all 66.94 0.00 10.43 4.27 18.36

08:19:45 AM all 64.08 0.01 11.59 5.25 19.07

………

08:34:45 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %idle

08:35:45 AM all 66.76 0.00 13.57 5.24 14.42

08:36:45 AM all 68.75 0.00 14.21 4.05 12.98

Average: all 63.20 0.00 12.54 5.49 18.77

Simulation 98632 hits ~20

minutes

SQL> @ws

Database: 16-AUG-06 01:55pm

Report: ws.sql OSM by OraPub, Inc. Page 1

Web Site Activity

Date Hits

------------ ------------------------

Aug-16 08 98632

Math – CPU Linux

S = 0.217 sec/call ; U = ( S λ ) / M

0.632 = ( S * 23.34 ) / 8

R = 0.223 sec/call ; R = S / (1 - U^M)

R = 0.217 / ( 1 – 0.632^8 )

Q = - 2.812 calls ; Q = ( MU / (1 - U^M) ) – M Q = (

8*0.632/(1-0.632^8) ) – 8

Derived values

Forecasting – Linux (Heavier Load)

Lambda U R Queue

0 start point 23.340 0.632 0.222 -2.812

22% 28.475 0.771 0.248 -0.951

44% 34.739 0.941 0.560 11.448

66% 42.382 1.148 -0.108 -12.571

88% 51.706 1.400 -0.016 -8.814

110% 63.081 1.708 -0.003 -8.191

132% 76.959 2.084 -0.001 -8.047

154% 93.890 2.542 0.000 -8.012

176% 114.546 3.102 0.000 -8.003

Migration Steps – Recommendations

1. Install new Release

Patchset – Different Oracle

Home

2. Create new SID.ini, add to

oratab, oraenv,

$ORACLE_BASE

3. Set TNS_ADMIN, edit

sqlnet.ora, tnsnames.ora,

stop old listener, start new

4. Install/test clients – set

$ORACLE_BASE

1. Gives you a fallback

position, ability to

downgrade

2. Keeps Environment

cleaner

3. Multiple Listeners in

different OH may be a

problem –use 1 home

4. New OH

Forecasting – Linux (Heavier Load)

Lambda U R Queue

0 (start) 23.340 0.632 0.222 -2.812

22% 28.475 0.771 0.248 -0.951

44% 34.739 0.941 0.560 11.448

66% 42.382 1.148 -0.108 -12.571

88% 51.706 1.400 -0.016 -8.814

110% 63.081 1.708 -0.003 -8.191

132% 76.959 2.084 -0.001 -8.047

154% 93.890 2.542 0.000 -8.012

176% 114.546 3.102 0.000 -8.003

Independent Migrations –

Independent Steps

1. Migrate RMAN

Catalog Database to

11g

2. Migrate RMAN

Catalog to 11g*

3. Migrate Grid Control

DB to 11g

Take advantage of new

RMAN functionality via

SQL with 10gR2.

Work with newer features

of 11g.

11g ASM*

• Rolling Upgrades – also for patching

• ASMMigrate (EM utility) – tablespace level

migration

• Convert single to clustered ASM

• Disk Group Compatibility Attributes –

compatible.asm, compatible.rdbms

• New SYSASM role – separated even further in

future releases

• Set $ORACLE_BASE

• Run CSS and ASM instance different OH

11g Diagnosability Framework

• Define ORACLE_BASE for all

clients/processes/utilities - logs, trace, dumps

asm clients crs diagtool lsnrctl netcman ofm

rdbms tnslsnr

• $ORACLE_BASE/db_name/instance_id=$ORACLE

_SID/trace/alert_SID.log

• oradiag_osuser/diag/clients/user_osuser/host

_2603418016_11/trace/sqlnet.log

ADRCI – command-line utility

Easy to script….

set echo on

set homepath

diag/tnslsnr/node/listener_name

purge -age 10080 -type alert

purge -age 10080 -type incident

purge -age 10080 -type trace

purge -age 10080 -type cdump

quit

OUI, OraInventory and CPU’s

• Custom Installation

• Silent vs. Interactive **

• Software Configuration

Manager

• RTO

• RPO

• Optimal Flexible

Architecture

Listener – Pre-Spin

• TNS_ADMIN

• LOCAL_LISTENER

• Non-standard Port (not 1521)

• TCP, BEQ

• Security

RMAN Catalog

Catalog Database - 11g

• Multiple Catalogs

• Multiple Levels of

Security

RMAN Catalog

• Easy to co-locate with

Grid Control Repository

Grid Control Repository Migration

Requirements….

• Start with GC 10.2.0.4 and agents.

• Stop all agents, oms, ias control, opmn

• Use the 11g database upgrade guide

• Optionally – Install into 11g DB, new GC install * -

requires GC 10.2.0.4 (may not be a download

available)

Database Configuration Changes

• RDA will document changes, save history

• Oracle Configuration Manager – latest, not historical

Security Changes in 11g

• Password file – case sensitive issues with

DataGuard in 11gR1 *

• Auditing

• Tablespace Encryption

Characterset Selection/Migration

Implications*

• US7ASCII: better to migrate

to WE8MSWIN1252, or

WE8ISO8859P15 etc.

• WE8ISO8859P1:

WE8MSWIN1252 is a

superset

• UTF8: better to migrate to

AL32UTF8…..etc, etc,etc

Transitional Steps

• Migrate RMAN catalog

database to new

Characterset

• Migrate Grid Control

Repository DB as well

• Other accessory DB‟s…

• New application installation

Migration Methods

• EXP/IMP

• EXPDP/IMPDP

• Transportable Tablespaces *SELECT article

• DBUA

• Oracle 11g Upgrade Companion **extensive doc

• Manual Upgrade

• Transient Logical Standby ***presentation Openworld „08

• Physical Standby

• Snapshot Standby – 11g

What we Learned….

• Set $ORACLE_BASE

• New $ORACLE_HOME

• RMAN Catalog and Database

• Grid Control DB

• Clients

• SQLNET

• ASM

• Manual Upgrade, Custom Install

• Use oraenv, oratab, custom variables

April Sims

OCP 8i,9i,10g

http://aprilcsims.wordpress.com