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Mid-Term Third Party Evaluation Study of National Bamboo Mission

Submitted to:

MISSION DIRECTOR NATIONAL BAMBOO MISSION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

NEW DELHI-110001

AGRICULTURAL FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED Northern Regional Office

NEW DELHI-110058

Agricultural Finance Corporation Ltd. Page 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It gives us pleasure to express our gratitude for the faith reposed in Agricultural Finance

Corporation Ltd. by the National Bamboo Mission (NBM) Cell, Ministry of Agriculture,

Government of India by entrusting the task of Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation (MTTPE) of

the NBM Scheme. We thank Dr. Gorakh Singh, Horticulture Commissioner, Mr. Kameshwar

Ojha, Deputy Director General and Mission Director, National Bamboo Mission and Mr. R P

Meena, Assistant Commissioner, National Bamboo Mission for the same.

This document is the product of effort by a number of individuals and organisations. We are

highly thankful to State Mission Directors for guiding us to pursue our task in the study

area. We are equally grateful to other senior officials, including Divisional Forest Officers

(DFOs) and District Horticulture Officers (DHOs) and their colleagues at various district

headquarters and divisions in helping the team during field level data collection. We further

extend our gratitude to research scientists at various Research Institutes, members of non‐

governmental organisations, and officials of village governing bodies in the districts for their

support. We hereby extend our sincere appreciation to the following officials for their kind

support and cooperation.

State Mission Director/Other Key Officials

BTSG Head/Other Key Technical Resource Persons

Uttarakhand Mr. STS Lepcha Mr. SS Jain, Scientist F, Indian

Council of Forestry Research

& Education, Dehradun

Chhattisgarh Mr. Diwakar Mishra Dr. MN Nagoria

Indira Gandhi Agricultural

University, Raipur

Jharkhand Mr. BR Lallan Dr. MP Singh

Birsa Agricultural University,

Ranchi

Maharashtra Mr. S.W.H. Naqvi/ Mr. Suryavanshi,

Assistant Director, Social Forestry

Assam Mr. RP Agrawal

Mr. Kamesh Salam,

Cane & Bamboo Technology

Centre, Guwahati

Assam Dr. PK Kaushik, Scientist,

Shifting Cultivation Division,

Rain Forest Research

Institute, Jorhat

--- -

State Mission Djrector/Other Key BTSG Head/Other Key Officials Technical Resource Persons

Nagaland Mr. Mohan Jha, CEO, Nagaland Pulp

and Paper Company ltd.

Nagaland Mr. Norman Putsure/Mr Alem

Longkumar, Member, NBDA

Mizoram Mr. Lalthangliana Murray

Arunachal Dr. PradeE;lp Chaudhry Dr. Ganguva Murtem, State

Pradesh forest Research Institute

(SFRlt Itanagar

Dr RK Taj, SFRI, Ita nagar

Odisha Mr. Sushi! Kumar Popli

Project Coordinator

Agric!lltural Finance C9rporation Ltd. Page 2


STUDY TEAM

Name Designation Specialisation

Mr. G S Yadav Project Coordinator Natural Resources Management

Mr. Girish Bhardwaj

Team Leader Joint Forest Management and

Institution Building

Mr. Saurabh Mishra Team Member Forest Management

Mr. R K Dixit Team Member Forest Plantation

Dr. Pradeep Mishra Team Member Natural Resources Management

Mr. Rakesh Kumar Team Member Horticulturist

Mr. Manoj Patel Team Member Plantation Management

Mr. O P Misra Team Member Statistical Analyst


CONTENTS

Chapter No. Particulars Page No.

Abbreviations 6

Executive Summary 7

1 Background and Context 13

1.1 Introduction 13

1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Study 14

2 Approach and Methodology 17

2.1 Composition of the Team 17

2.2 Design of Schedule for Data Collection 17

2.3 Sampling 17

2.4 Data Collection 18

2.5 Analysis of Data and Report Writing 18

2.6 Structure of the Report 18

3 Record Based Review 19

3.1 Vision, Mission and Strategies 19

3.2 Mission Interventions

3.2.1 Research and Development

3.2.2 Plantation Development

20

20

20

3.3 Cost Norms 23

3.4 Financial Management

3.4.1 System of Fund Flow

3.4.2 State wise Fund Allocation, Release and Utilisation

25

25

26

4 Physical Achievements 35

A. National Scenario

4.1 Planting Material Development

4.2 Plantation Coverage

4.3 Improvement of Existing Stock

35

37

39

42

4.4 Technology Dissemination 43

4.5 Bamboo Bazaar 44

B. Project Status




44

45

49

61

4.9 Post Harvesting 62

4.10 Initiatives For Handicraft Promotion 64

4.11 Bamboo Retail/Wholesale Markets, Bamboo Bazaar,

Retail Showrooms

66


Chapter No. Particulars Page No.

4 4.12 Major Problems In Handicraft Promotion 68

4.13 Beneficiary Analysis 69

4.14 Capacity Building 72

4.15 Technology Transfer and Extension Activities 74

4.16 Bamboo Technical Support Group 75

4.17 Research and Development 76

4.18 Administrative and Technical Setup 79

5 Conclusions And Recommendations 82

5.1 Planting Material 82

5.2 Bamboo Plantation and Management 82

5.3 Post Harvest Management 83

5.4 Handicrafts Promotion 83

5.5 Marketing 83

5.6 Capacity Building 83

5.7 Technological Transfer 84

5.8 Financial Norms 84

5.9 Bamboo Technology Support Groups 84

5.10 Research and Development 85

5.11 Convergence with Other Programmes 85

5.12 Model Creation through Cluster Approach 85

Annexure 1 Sample Size covered under the Study 86

Annexure 2 List of Beneficiaries/Groups contacted during the Study 88


ABBREVIATIONS

AAP : Annual Action Plan

BDA : Bamboo Development Agency

BTSG : Bamboo Technology Support Group

CBTC : Cane and Bamboo Technology Centre

CCEA : Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs

CFC : Common Facility Centre

DC (H) : Development Commissioner (Handicrafts)

DFO : Divisional Forest Officer

DHO : District Horticulture Officer

FDA : Forest Development Agency

FRI : Forest Research Institute

Ha : Hectare

ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research

ICFRE : Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education

JFMC : Joint Forest Management Committee

KVK : Krishi Vigyan Kendra

KONBAC : Konkan Bamboo and Cane Development Centre

MTTPE : Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation

NBDA : Nagaland Bamboo Development Agency

NBM : National Bamboo Mission

NREGS : National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme

OBC : Other Backward Classes

RFRI : Rain Forest Research Institute

R&D : Research and Development

SAU : State Agriculture University

SBM : State Bamboo Mission

SBSC : State Bamboo Steering Committee

SC : Scheduled Caste

SFRI : State Forest Research Institute

SHG : Self‐Help Group

ST : Scheduled Tribe

ToR : Terms of Reference

TC : Tissue Culture

UBFDB : Uttarakhand Bamboo and Fibre Development Board

VBDC : Village Bamboo Development Committee

VFMC : Village Forest Management Committee


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

National Bamboo Mission was approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs

(CCEA) for the period 2006‐07 to 2010‐11 as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme to be

implemented by the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation at a cost of ` 568.23 crore with 100% Central assistance, including an outlay of ` 91.37 crore during 2006‐07 (X Five Year Plan). The CCEA also ‘in principle’ approved for continuing the Mission during the

remaining period of the XI Five Year Plan, that is, in 2011‐12.

Whereas bamboo has traditionally been treated as a forest product, National Bamboo

Mission (NBM) was framed on the premise of developing it as a crop with various usages.

The key objective of the Mission is to address the issues relating to the development of

bamboo in the country. The major interventions planned under the Mission to achieve its

broad objectives focused on research and development, plantation on forest and non‐

forest lands through Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) or Village Development

Committees (VDCs) and ensuring supply of quality planting material by establishing

Centralised and Kisan/Mahila nurseries. Attempts were also made for improvement of

existing stock of bamboo, technology transfer through extension and frontline

demonstration, human resource development at staff and community levels through

training and exposure visits, promotion of micro‐irrigation, pest and disease management,

post harvesting management, promotion of bamboo handicrafts and their marketing and

export and establishing bamboo wholesale and retail markets.


NBM has made an all‐round progress towards achieving its objectives. A network of

nurseries including centralised nurseries and Mahila/Kisan nurseries, were established

across the country to ensure adequate quantity of elite cultivars of bamboo to the farmers.

This helped in expansion of area under bamboo.

Disease free planting material of elite cultivars is a key to the development of bamboo

sector in the country. Establishment of Centralised Nursery with the capacity of producing

disease free 50,000 saplings per unit a year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of

planting material. It was planned to establish around 345 centralised nurseries across the

country during XI Plan. The issue has been adequately addressed under the NBM as around

566 centralised nurseries were established in the country for producing disease free

planting material of elite cultivars which was 64% more than the planned target. Of this,

54% of the nurseries have been established in the States other than the North Eastern

region and around 46% in North East region. These nurseries have overall capacity to

produce 28.3 million saplings annually.


Centralised nurseries remained the main source of planting materials for almost all the

Bamboo Development Agencies (BDAs) and thus, establishment of Centralised Nursery was

the main focus.

Community participation has been envisaged as an important component in the scheme.

The concept of involving women (Mahila) and farmers (Kisan) in raising nurseries is a step

forward to enhance community participation in implementation of NBM scheme. The main

objective of such nurseries is to produce 5,000 and 10,000 saplings respectively per unit per

year. In addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of nursery

growers. It was planned to establish 160 such nurseries (80 Kisan nurseries & 80 Mahila

nurseries) during the XI Plan. The Mission succeeded in establishing around 713 such

nurseries (356 Kisan and 357 Mahila nurseries) throughout the country which was more

than four times the envisaged targets.

Tissue Culture (TC) is a technique which could help the regeneration of large numbers of

plants in a relatively short time. It was envisaged to establish 3 TC laboratories, however,

under the Mission not many States showed interests. One of the major impediments as

reported by State Governments was insufficient financial assistance under the Mission. The

only TC laboratory established is in Assam.

Bamboo plantation activity was planned to be taken up on forest and non‐forest lands

covering a target of 88000 hectare (ha) in forest area and 88000 ha in

non‐forest area, each across 27 states taken up under NBM. The programme made an

impressive progress covering 194635 ha under bamboo cultivation which was 10% more

than the target. Under the programme, plantation of bamboo was taken up over more than

134512 ha in forest area against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was 52% more

than the planned target. North Eastern States were the leaders as far as coverage of

bamboo plantation was concerned. In Mizoram, 32306 ha of land were covered under

bamboo plantation. Nagaland is placed next to Mizoram in terms of plantation. In

Nagaland, plantations were undertaken in around 28748 ha. Arunachal Pradesh is the third

largest in terms of bamboo plantation where the plantations have been taken in an area of

14936 ha. The other major States where large scale plantations were undertaken are

Manipur, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim, Assam, Odisha, Karnataka and Tripura. During the Plan

period, bamboo plantation was undertaken in 60123 ha non‐forest area across the country.

Mizoram has undertaken plantation in an area of 9700 ha followed by Arunachal Pradesh

where the same was undertaken in 9193 ha area. Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura

are other States where bamboo plantations have been undertaken on extensively.

Crafts‐persons and artisans of the country are dependant for their livelihood on handicraft

items for which bamboo species are being used since times immemorial. In order to


improve the quality of such products, there is a need to improve upon the existing stock

and variety of bamboo that is being used by these crafts‐people and artisans in order to

derive maximum benefit and return. Improvement of existing stock was meant to be done

to ensure quality bamboo supply to existing users. Funds allocated under this component

are primarily being used in soil working and decongestion of clumps. It was planned to bring

around 36000 ha area under improved bamboo stock. The programmes of improvement of

existing stock were undertaken in all the States. Under the programme, an area of 51925 ha

was covered throughout the country. This was 44% more than the target. Nagaland has

actively taken up the improving the existing stock under which 11329 ha existing stock were

treated for improvement of productivity. This was followed by 6739 ha in Assam and 6476

ha in Mizoram. The other major States where the activity of improvement of existing stock

was undertaken are Tripura, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha.

Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, etc. are an integral part of

the Mission. Under the programme, around 36868 farmers and 5711 field functionaries

were trained on scientific and improved production technologies. Tripura took the lead in

training the farmers. During the project duration, around 6924 farmers and 506 field

functionaries were trained in the state. Next to Tripura is Assam where 3805 farmers and

750 field functionaries were trained. In Nagaland, around 3848 farmers and 330 field

functionaries were trained. Tamil Nadu, Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur were other States

where large numbers of farmers and field functionaries were trained.

To popularise various Bamboo handicrafts products as well as bamboo food items like

processed shoots, six retail outlets were created. There was no organised system in

bamboo handicrafts and products marketing owing to which the NBM envisaged to set up

retail/wholesale markets so that the primary producers (farmers) can sell their produce

without any hassle. Under the Programme, five Bamboo Bazaars were created throughout

the country of which four were in the North Eastern Region and one in Southern India. Two

such bazaars were established both in Assam and Mizoram and one in Karnataka.

Wholesale markets were envisaged under the programme with an objective to keep track

of the market information related to various bamboo products and its dissemination to the

farmers and the primary processors which in turn helps them to plan their activities well in

advance. Under the programme, nine such markets were established across the country.

Three wholesale markets were established in Nagaland, two each in Sikkim & Maharashtra

and one each in Odisha & Assam.

B. Findings from Sample Study

The Mid‐Term Third Party Evaluation Study of NBM was carried out in nine states and in

two districts in each of them as the study area.


1. Arunachal Pradesh ‐ East Siang, West Siang

2. Assam ‐ Cachar, Nagaon

3. Chhattisgarh – Korba, Sarguja

4. Jharkhand – Chatra, Hazaribagh

5. Maharashtra ‐ Chandrapur, Yavatmal

6. Mizoram – Mamit, Aizwal

7. Nagaland – Dimapur, Makokchung

8. Odisha – Bolangir, Mayurbhanj

9. Uttarakhand ‐ Pauri, Udham Singh Nagar

As per analysis of data collected from nine states, 44% of the total amount was spent on

these nine states. The two districts selected within the state are those where the maximum

work has been done under the Mission. The study area, thus, accounts for the most

significant part of the activities carried out under the Mission.

A total number of 347 Centralised, Mahila and Kisan nurseries have been established in the

districts covered under this study. About 90% of the established nurseries are centralised of

which 78% have been raised by public sector agencies. In addition, a beginning has been

made in using tissue cultured planting material in some of the states with encouraging

results.

BDAs in all the states have done excellent work with regard to bamboo plantation on forest

land through Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) and other village level

institutions. However, the plantation on non‐forest land involving farmers and private land

owners has not taken full momentum. Some of the findings of the Research and

Development (R&D) projects under the Mission have proved that inter‐cropping of bamboo

with agricultural/horticultural/medicinal crops can make bamboo cultivation more

profitable for the grower. This idea of cultivating bamboo with other suitable crops needs

to be transferred to the farmers and other growers. There is more willingness among

people for agriculture/horticulture crops over bamboo due to its long gestation period.

However, the successful models created under the Mission are increasing farmers’

awareness and willingness for bamboo plantation in future on their less productive lands.

Nearly 16% of the total plantation (in the study area) was covered during 2006‐07 of which

79% was covered in states of Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram. The plantation activity

geared up during 2007‐08 covering around 37% of the total plantation coverage in the

study districts. Of all the studied 18 districts, maximum plantation has taken place in

Mokokchung (Nagaland) covering almost one‐fourth of the total plantation area. Of all the

nine states, maximum amount of fund released for plantation in forest area has been for

Nagaland. Out of the total area covered under non‐forest land during 2006‐11, 18% was


planted in 2006‐07 with majority of it being in Aizwal district of Mizoram. In subsequent

years, this remained between 26% to 28%.

North East is a natural habitat of bamboo and survival rate of saplings is more than 75% in

the region. But in two districts of Arunachal Pradesh, survival rate has been 50% on an

average. It is highest in Mayurbhanj (Odisha) and bamboo grew very well in Bolangir

(Odisha) also with a survival rate of about 80%. Cost norms under NBM do not cover

fencing. Fencing is very much essential in Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand

where saplings are highly prone to damage by wild and domestic animals.

Bamboo handicrafts have a niche but limited market. Unless marketing mechanisms are in

place, it is tough to derive benefits out of this activity. Establishment of bamboo bazaar is

taking place in Nagaland (Dimapur), Odisha, Assam and Chhattisgarh. Nagaland Bamboo

Development Agency (NBDA) houses a retail shop that is being frequented by tourists and

local customers. Villages of Nagaland suffer from poor roads. Villagers demand for

“bamboo roads” so that they can take harvested bamboo from field to market.

The Mission has been able to reach to around 60% of the members of Scheduled Castes

(SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra and a good number of

members of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. Since North

Eastern states are predominantly tribal, 100% beneficiaries are STs. The objective of taking

benefits of the Mission to SCs/STs/OBCs has been largely fulfilled but there is still a need to

reach out to the really needy beneficiary. Due to lack of awareness and limited access to

government offices, not many marginal and small farmers could take the benefits of NBM.

Another factor is that some small and marginal farmers do not want to plant bamboo; they

prefer to work on other crops.

Trainings in large number have been imparted to the resource persons, farmers and field

functionaries and beneficiaries at different times. But the quality of the training needs to be

further upgraded to improve the practical knowledge and skills of the stakeholders. The

three Bamboo Technology Support Groups (BTSGs) located at Assam, Uttarakhand and

Kerala should improve the strategic inputs for the trainings provided by them to meet this

requirement.

The Radio Talk initiative taken by Uttarakhand sets a benchmark for creating awareness on

mass scale about bamboo cultivation and the details of the scheme of NBM. Other states

may be advised to adopt this model. NBDA has published useful literature on bamboo

cultivation in adequate number and distributed among the stakeholders. BTSGs have come

out with their own literature in this regard and organised trainings. However, more

frequent initiatives to promote bamboo culture at an all India level may be taken through

print, radio and electronic media.


Research and Development initiatives under the Mission focussed at developing agro‐

forestry models at zonal level institutions. Many encouraging results are coming to suggest

economically viable cultivation of bamboo intercropping with agricultural, horticultural and

medicinal crops. These results need to be taken to the farmers and other growers.


CHAPTER‐1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

1.1 Introduction

The Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture had launched a

Centrally Sponsored Scheme of “National Bamboo Mission”, during the X Plan with effect

from 2006‐07, covering twenty‐seven (27) States of the country.

The Mission’s objectives are to promote the growth of the bamboo sector through an area‐

based regionally differentiated strategy; to increase the coverage of area under bamboo in

potential areas, with suitable species to enhance yields; to promote marketing of bamboo

and bamboo based handicrafts; to establish convergence and synergy among stakeholders

for the development of bamboo; to promote, develop and disseminate technologies through

a seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge; to generate

employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths.

The thrust of the Mission is on an area‐based regionally differentiated strategy for both

forest and non‐forest areas. A number of activities are being supported for increasing

productivity and quality of bamboo namely increasing area under bamboo cultivation, mass

production of superior quality planting stock of recommended species of bamboo,

improvement of the existing stock, pest and disease management, improved post‐harvest

management and development, and up‐gradation of marketing facilities. Marketing of

bamboo and bamboo based handicrafts is being promoted to generate employment

opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths.

The Scheme has been approved from 2006‐07 to 2010‐11 and ‘in principle’ approval for

continuing the same during the remaining period of XI Plan has been received. An amount

of ` 7570.86 lakh was provided during 2006‐07 for implementing NBM programmes in

thirteen (13) States which had submitted their proposals. During 2007‐08, an amount of ` 11439.62 lakh was released to twenty‐four (24) States/implementing agencies including ` 359.80 lakh for nineteen (19) R&D projects while during 2008‐09, a sum of ` 8466.60 lakh including ` 123.74 lakh for an R&D institution was released.

The Scheme has been in operation effectively for about three years (up to 2009‐10). During

2006‐07, although the fund was approved for release during March 2006‐07, yet the

implementing states received the funds only in May/June 2007‐08. In Government forest

lands, bamboo plantation programme is undertaken through the Forest Development

Agencies (FDAs) and the JFMCs. However, in case of Non‐Forest Areas, the Bamboo

Development Agency is the nodal agency.


To evaluate the performance of programme implementation in order to assess its impact in

fulfilling the objectives envisaged under the Scheme, NBM awarded Agricultural Finance

Corporation Limited the task to undertake the ‘Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation (MTTPE) of

the Scheme’ in nine states including Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,

Maharashtra, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha and Uttarakhand.

1.2 Purpose and Scope of the Study

A. General

The Mid‐term Third Party Evaluation study primarily emphasises on the following aspects:

Analyse the physical and financial achievements vis‐à‐vis targets and outlays as per

the suggested parameters in the terms of reference (ToR).

Impact of the Scheme in the cluster/district in general and the beneficiaries in

particular.

Adequacy of the mechanism to supply good quality planting material to the farmers.

Impact in terms of production and productivity improvement of bamboo crops

keeping 2006‐07 as the base year.

Impact in terms of expansion of area in forest and non‐forest land.

Adequacy and impact of trainings on skill up‐gradation and its application.

Adequacy and impact of extension activities and transfer of technology.

Effectiveness of activities undertaken for promotion of bamboo handicrafts.

Available administrative and technical set up with the State Bamboo Missions

(SBMs) and its effectiveness in administering the Scheme at the district and block

levels, especially in case of Non‐Forest Area.

Scope of Operational Guidelines including cost norms and recommend modification,

if any needed.

Extent to which employment opportunities have been created.


Extent to which Growers’ Association, Self Help Groups (SHGs), Cooperative

Societies in bamboo, Marketing Boards, Research Organisations like State

Agriculture Universities (SAUs), Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education

(ICFRE)/Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Institutes, Krishi Vigyan

Kendras (KVKs), and other State organisations have been involved in project

implementation.

Impact of Panchayati Raj Institutions.

Adequacy and timeliness of fund flow and delivery mechanism.

Progress reporting mechanism.

B. Specific

The study should evaluate physical and financial progress, and determine the qualitative

and quantitative impact of various interventions taken up during three years of the Mission

in respect to the following components:

Planting Material

a) Nursery ‐The study should indicate the number of nurseries set up, both in public

and private sector; number of saplings being produced per year; whether planting

material generated from these nurseries is of good quality and will be sufficient to

meet the future demand of the State.

b) Tissue Culture Lab/Unit ‐ The study should indicate the number of TC labs/units that

have been established both in the public and private sector and the output thereof.

Area Expansion ‐ The study should indicate the details of pre‐project

(2005‐06) and current level of area coverage, production and productivity of various

bamboo species covered under NBM in different States. Survival and growth of

bamboo crops together with their production and productivity also needs to be

indicated.

Improvement of Existing Stock ‐ The study should indicate the progress of

rejuvenation/replanting of various bamboo species taken up under the Scheme in

various States along with the enhancement in production and productivity of

existing bamboo plantations post NBM intervention. The study should also indicate

the measures taken by the state implementing agency to improve productivity of

existing stock.


Technology Transfer and Human Resource Development ‐ The study should

indicate the details of the training programmes organised for farmers,

entrepreneurs, field functionaries, artisans, etc. and the number of beneficiaries

trained in different NBM States in the area of nursery management, bamboo

plantation and other related activities. Details of farmers/field functionaries visited,

inside/outside State are also to be indicated. The impact of training among

farmers/field functionaries/ entrepreneurs on skill up gradation and its applications

should also to be indicated. The level of awareness generated among farmers after

training/exposure visits should also be brought out.

Technology Dissemination through Front Line Demonstrations ‐ The study should

indicate the number of technology dissemination cum frontline demonstrations

taken up in farmers’ field as well as on public sector farms and the spread effect of

these demonstrations for adoption of improved package of practices and innovative

technologies developed in various NBM states. It should also indicate whether any

frontline demonstrations have been organised in drought‐prone area.

Pest and Disease Management ‐ The study should indicate the measures taken by

the States to control pests and diseases at the plantation level and output thereof.

Post Harvest Storage and Treatment Facilities ‐ The study should indicate the

achievement made in respect of the infrastructure developed for post harvest

management and also future planning in this regard. The study should also indicate

the impact of the infrastructure created/to be created for reducing the post harvest

losses and increasing the shelf life of the produce.


CHAPTER‐2: APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

An interactive and participatory methodology was adopted at all levels to capture

in‐depth information from different categories of respondents in the studied states and

districts. The major steps followed for conducting the study are as below:

2.1 Composition of the Team

A team of qualified and experienced professionals specialised in natural resources

management, forestry, monitoring and evaluation, institutional aspects, social and

gender equity and participatory approaches was deployed in the field. The study

team was also assisted by a cadre of local investigators equipped with technical and

social background for carrying out primary and secondary data collection.

The study team was oriented on various aspects covering background, objectives of

the study, scope of work, approach and methodology, sample design, etc. The

training programme also focused on research tools including checklist, schedules,

formats, physical verification, structured and unstructured interviews, focus group

discussion (FGD), case studies, etc.

2.2 Design of Schedule for Data Collection

The team studied and analysed the relevant literature and documents related to

bamboo plantation and bamboo based handicrafts promotion, ToR, operational

guidelines of NBM, etc.

The schedules were designed on the basis of ToR and the operational guidelines of

NBM. Different schedules were developed to collect information from primary and

secondary stakeholders; viz. individual farmers, groups/JFMCs, artisans, state and

district level officials of project implementing agencies, research and development

institutions, marketing agencies, BTSGs.

The schedules were shared with NBM officials in Delhi office and their suggestions

were incorporated to finalise the same.

2.3 Sampling

The sample design included coverage of two districts in each of the study states.











A random sampling of 10% was adopted to capture information from beneficiaries

including individual farmer, plantation groups/committees, nursery grower, artisans,

etc. Detailes are given in Annexure – 1 & 2.

2.4 Data Collection

The research tools used for information collection in the field from different sets of

respondents included household survey at family level, semi‐structured interviews,

structured interviews, focus group discussion, physical verification, case studies, etc.

The field testing of various schedules and methodology to be used for data

collection was carried out in one of the districts studied with a view to learn

mistakes and to take immediate action for modification in the designed formats and

planned approach. The modifications in approach, methodology and research tools

were made accordingly.

A cross section of various activities taken up under the programme was covered

under physical verification by the field team.

The quality control mechanism was developed to ensure quality of data collection in

the field. An efficient communication system also facilitated tracking of problematic

issues and deciding the corrective measures in time.

2.5 Analysis of Data and Report Writing

The data collected from various sources was compiled and analysed centrally and

the report was prepared as per ToR.

2.6 Structure of the Report

Chapter 1 of the Report gives a background and introduction to evaluation. The approach

and methodology adopted for programme evaluation is covered in

Chapter 2. The programme interventions designed under NBM for promotion of bamboo

plantation and bamboo based handicrafts, cost norms and component‐wise release of

funds for different states in different years is covered in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 focuses on

key observations and findings with regard to activities’ performance and the same are

concluded along with recommendations in Chapter 5 of the Report. Additional information

has been annexed at the end of the Report.


CHAPTER‐3: RECORD BASED REVIEW

3.1 Vision, Mission and Strategies

Bamboo is a versatile group of plants which is capable of providing ecological, economic

and livelihood security to the people. Till recently, it has remained confined to the forests

and in patches as homesteads, backyards and private lands; with two‐thirds of the growing

stock being located in the North‐Eastern States only. The importance of bamboo as a

source of raw material for industrial and domestic use with its growing demand all over the

country necessitated its cultivation in farm lands as well. Keeping in view the vast untapped

potential of the bamboo plant, the NBM was set up to address the issues relating to the

development of bamboo in the country.

NBM is aimed to promote holistic growth of the bamboo sector through area based

regionally differentiated strategies; to increase the coverage of area under bamboo both in

forest and non‐forest areas with appropriate varieties to enhance yield; promote marketing

of bamboo based handicrafts; establish convergence and synergy among stakeholders for

development of bamboo; promote, develop and disseminate technologies through a

seamless blend of traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge and generate

employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youths.

The Mission planned to adopt a strategic approach to achieve its objectives. The major

strategies planned by the Mission include adoption of a specific approach covering

production and marketing to assure appropriate returns to growers/producers, promotion

of R&D of technologies for production, enhanced acreage (in forest and non‐forest areas)

and productivity, adoption of a coordinated approach and promoting partnership/

convergence and synergy among R&D marketing agencies in public as well as private

sectors at all levels, promotion of cooperatives and self‐help groups to ensure support and

adequate returns to farmers, facilitation of capacity‐building and Human Resource

Development and setting up of National, State and sub‐State level structures, keeping in

view the need for getting adequate returns for the produce of the farmers and eliminating

middlemen to the extent possible.

The Mission Structure designed for effective and efficient implementation of the scheme

includes National Apex Committee (NAC), National Steering Committee (NSC), National

Bamboo Cell (NBC) and Working Groups to oversee several sectors such as Research,

Plantation Development, Handicraft and Marketing at national level. The structure at the

state level includes State Bamboo Steering Committee (SBSC), BDA and district level

implementation units. In addition, BTSGs have been appointed to provide support to

implementing agencies. The major areas of BTSG support to field implementation


emphasises on policy, organisational and technical aspects, capacity building of field

functionaries on various aspects, conducting studies & research, undertaking publicity

campaigns, and documentation and dissemination of success stories.

3.2 Mission Interventions

The major interventions planned under the Mission to achieve its broad objectives focused

on the following areas:

3.2.1 Research and Development

The research and development component was expected to concentrate on technology

generation as appropriate to each region/State keeping in view their specific agro‐climatic

and socio‐economic conditions. An emphasis was also laid on effective

documentation/transfer and dissemination of technologies available in India and abroad.

The ICAR, ICFRE and Institutes such as Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat; Forest

Research Institute, Dehradun; Indian Institute of Wood Science, Bangalore (IWST); the State

Forest Research Institute; Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal; Kerala Forest

Research Institute (KFRI), Peechi; Indian Plywood Industries Research & Training Institute

(IPIRTI), Bangalore; Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay; Indian Institute of Science,

Bangalore; Regional Research Laboratories (RRLs); Central Agricultural Universities; State

Agricultural Universities and other research institutes in the public sector having

capabilities in this area were involved in taking up research programmes on bamboo. The

research institutions were also expected to address identified and emerging needs in the

areas of plantation, developing new Agro‐forestry systems with bamboo, harvesting and

sustainable management of bamboo resources, livelihood based ecosystem protection and

improving the durability of bamboo.

3.2.2 Plantation Development

This component primarily aimed at expansion of area under bamboo plantation in the

potential areas both in Government forests as well as in non‐forest lands for commercial

utilisation. The main objective of this component is to increase the production of

commercially important bamboo species and shoots for regular supply to the processing

units for production of more value added products. The overall goal of this component is to

ensure that the target is achieved within the stipulated time in order to ensure

employment generation and achieve rural poverty alleviation with input of right technology

for supply of planting material and pre‐harvest management practices. The principal

activities under this are:


3.2.2.1 Ensuring Availability of Quality Planting Material

The demand for planting material was planned to be met by establishment of Centralised

and Decentralised nurseries. Planting material was also to be generated from TC

laboratories. The decentralised nurseries were primarily planned to be raised by the local

people in the name of ‘Mahila Nursery’ and ‘Kisan Nursery’.

3.2.2.2 Certifying Agency for Planting Materials

In order to ensure quality supply of planting materials for commercial bamboo plantation in

both Government Forest Land as well as the Non Forest Land, a suitable Certifying Agency

having expertise on the subject was to be identified by the respective BDAs/FDAs in each

State from Public/ Private sector for ensuring quality of planting material.

3.2.2.3 Improvement of Existing Stock

In order to improve the quality of raw material for handicraft products, a focus was laid on

improvement of the existing stock and variety of bamboo that is being used by the

craftsmen and artisans. The existing stock of bamboo was to be improved so that the

craftsmen and artisans can derive maximum benefits and returns from the products that

are being manufactured from the existing stock.

3.2.2.4 Technology Transfer & HRD in Plantation Development

Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, publicity and training of

the trainers are an integral part of the Mission. Appropriate trainings were to be imparted

to the farmers for the adoption of scientific measures (pre and post harvest management)

for high yield plantations of bamboo and harvesting of shoots. Provision of resource

material to the trainees and making them aware of various farming techniques through

exhibitions and demonstrations were the key activities to be undertaken. These activities

were to be carried out both by the government as well as the private sector and NGOs.

3.2.2.5 Irrigation

Irrigating the bamboo plantations during summer and during the period without rain for 20

days or so is a must for better yield. For the Mission, such areas were supposed to be

covered as have been identified under Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP). Depending

on the proposals received from the States, an amount of ` 20000 towards purchase of irrigation systems per hectare was planned to be provided subject to a ceiling of 4 ha,

depending on actual and emerging needs of the areas identified for plantation.


3.2.2.6 Technology Dissemination through Front Line Demonstration

Latest technologies were planned to be promoted in bamboo plantation through active

involvement of farmers’ participatory demonstration in compact areas of one hectare. This

was to be organised at strategic locations and in drought prone States for which assistance

was limited to 50% of the cost.

3.2.2.7 Pests and Disease Management

Pests and diseases pose a serious threat to bamboo right from the seed stage to the

finished product. Quite a number of insect fauna including sap‐suckers, borers and

defoliators have been reported from bamboo in the Indian sub‐continent. Disease control

in bamboo essential for both natural forests and for plantations is done by application of

fungicides as well as other chemicals. Depending on the proposals received, an amount of ` 200 per hectare was to be provided as a one‐time grant from the NBM for this purpose.

3.2.2.8 Handicrafts, Bamboo Marketing and Exports

The purpose of this component is to provide and increase employment opportunities,

preservation and introduction of new designs and mechanisation of bamboo‐based crafts

as living heritage and to assist in marketing these products. The main objectives of this

component are:

a) Introduction of Grading systems for round and primary processed bamboo;

b) Introduction of preservative methods (both conventional and chemical) according to

use;

c) Conversion of niche bamboo handicrafts products to mass products;

d) Introduction of utility handicrafts through industrialised means;

e) Setting up of bamboo wholesale and retail markets near villages;

f) Marketing through Bamboo Festivals, Melas, Expos, Craft Bazaars, bamboo markets

and introduction of an effective Electronic Information Flow system.

3.2.2.9 Bamboo Wholesale & Retail Markets near Village Level Micro Processing Units

Bamboo Wholesale/Retail Markets were planned to be set up all over the country. These

markets, apart from other facilities were supposed to have a computer and

V‐SAT facilities. These markets, apart from trading activities, were also expected to keep

track of the market information related to various bamboo products and thus, the farmers

and the primary processors would have direct access to such information and data which in

turn would help them to plan their activities well ahead. These markets could also be set up

and maintained by the community themselves or in partnership with the State

Governments.


3.2.2.10 Bamboo Bazaars

Bamboo Bazaars were to be put in place throughout the country. Adjacent to these

Bamboo Bazaars, information centres were also proposed. These Bazaars also would have

computers, V‐SAT facilities for keeping track of various demand and supply of bamboo

products, costs, user industries etc. These Bazaars could be set up and maintained by the

community themselves or in partnership with the State Governments. The State Marketing

Boards could also take up this activity.

3.2.2.11 Retail Outlets (Showrooms)

To popularise various Bamboo handicrafts products including processed shoots, Retail

Outlets (Show‐room) were also planned to be established in 10 metros. These outlets

would also have V‐SAT facilities.

3.2.2.12 Participation in Domestic and International Trade Fairs

In order to popularise and market the various bamboo products, it was planned to

encourage participants from different states in national and international level trade fairs

3.2.2.13 Market Surveys

Although a large number of market surveys have been conducted in recent times on high

value and up‐market bamboo products, yet there remains a massive gap to address the

needs, requirements and profitability of low and medium value bamboo products that are

being made. This is all the more necessary in view of the fact that all financial institutions

and banks while appraising project proposals, lay stress on the marketability of the

products to be produced. As such, it would be in track to conduct a market survey specially

related to bamboo products like tooth picks, window blinds, cotton ear buds, skewers and

the like, which have been conventionally made of wood in our country and the consumers

are used to it. This market survey, apart from estimating the demand‐supply chain and

present players and future demands, was also done to highlight how bamboo products

would have to be positioned and the market entry strategy thereby indicating pricing,

supply position and branding.

3.3 Cost Norms

The cost norms of assistance for various components adopted under the NBM programme

have been provided in the following table. The cost norms include an upper limit for all the

components along with a subsidy or credit linked amount.


S. No. Programme Estimated Cost and Pattern of Assistance

1. Plantation Development (Forest Area)

Centralised Public sector

(0.25 ha)

` 2.73 lakh100% assistance subject to a maximum

@ ` 2.73 lakh per nursery Centralised Private sector

(0.25 ha)

` 2.73 lakh25% of cost subject to a maximum of ` 68000/‐ each as credit linked back ended subsidy

Kisan nursery

(0.1 ha)

` 26000/‐25% of cost, maximum of ` 6500/‐ per nursery

Mahila nursery

(0.1 ha)


2. Planting Material (Non‐Forest Area)

Centralised Public sector

(0.25 ha)

` 2.73 lakh per nursery100% assistance subject to a maximum of

` 2.73 lakh Centralised Private sector

(0.25 ha)

` 2.73 lakh per nursery25% of cost subject to a maximum of ` 68000/‐ each as credit linked back ended subsidy

Kisan nursery

(0.1 ha)


Mahila nursey

(0.1 ha)


3. Tissue Culture Units – Public

Sector

` 21 lakh per TC unit,100% assistance to PSUs, maximum of ` 21 lakh

Tissue Culture Units – Private

Sector

` 21 lakh per TC unit50% assistance, maximum of ` 10.5 lakh

4. Captive Plantation

Forest area ` 25000/‐ per ha.100% assistance, in two equal instalments

Non‐forest area ` 16000/‐ per ha.50% of cost, maximum of ` 8000/‐ per ha.

5. Improvement of Existing Stock ` 8000/‐ per ha.100% assistance

6. Technology Transfer & HRD

Training of

farmers/entrepreneurs

` 1520/ per participant within state, ` 2500/‐outside state for seven days

Training of field functionaries ` 8000/‐ per participant for a period of seven days Demonstration of plantation

technology

50% cost subject to maximum of ` 10000/ha. for a maximum area of 0.5 ha per beneficiary


S. No. Programme Estimated Cost and Pattern of Assistance

7. Workshop

International level 100% assistance subject to a maximum of ` 40 lakh

National level 100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 5lakh State level 100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 3lakh District level 100% assistance subject to maximum of ` 1lakh8. Pest and Disease

Management

` 400/‐ per beneficiary per ha; 50% of cost, maximum of ` 200/‐

9. Handicraft, Marketing and Exports

Bamboo wholesale market ` 16 lakh per unit25% of cost, subject to maximum of ` 4 lakh for general areas; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum

of ` 5.33 lakh for hilly/tribal area Bamboo bazaar ` 27 lakh per unit

25% of cost, maximum of ` 6.75lakh; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum of ` 9 lakh for hilly/tribal area

Retail outlets ` 40 lakh25% of subject maximum to ` 10 lakh; 33.33% of cost subject to maximum of ` 13.33 lakh for hilly/tribal area

10. Participation in Domestic

Trade Fairs

75% of cost (` 3.75 lakh) for an event of 2 days @ ` 5 lakh per event

11. Participation in International

Trade Fairs

75% of cost (` 7.5 lakh) for an event of 5 days @ ` 10 lakh per event)

(Source: National Bamboo Mission, New Delhi)

3.4 Financial Management

3.4.1 System of Fund Flow As per the system of fund flow, Annual Action Plans (AAPs) by the states are submitted in

the preceding financial year to the NBM Cell in Delhi. AAPs contain the tentative budgetary

requirements against each activity that the state's Nodal office plans to take up in the given

year. AAPs are area‐based, premised on existing potential for bamboo development,

available unspent balance out of previous release and capacity to absorb the funds in taking

up activities. In non‐forest areas, the committees at the district level prepare and submit

AAP to the BDA which in turn submits the same to State Level Steering Committee (SLSC). In

forest areas, AAPs are prepared by the JFMC and submitted to FDA which in turn submits

them to SLSC for finalisation. The AAP approved by the SLSC are considered by the National


Steering Committee. AAPs are discussed in the National Steering Committee meetings and

are finalised. Hence, budgets are allocated for each state.

First instalment of the annually allocated funds is released based on last year's progress

report and Utilisation Certificate (UC) submitted by the State. Subsequent instalment is

released when previous year's audited UCs are submitted. Funds are released in two to four

instalments.

3.4.2 State Wise Fund Allocation, Release and Utilisation

The state wise details of funds allocation, release and utilisation across the components

have been shown in the following tables. In most of the states, funds disbursal started in

the year 2006‐07. In Jharkhand and Maharashtra, the process began a year later. Table

below gives the status of the funds released during the last five years in various sampled

states.

(In ` lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total

Chhattisgarh 275.34 786.98 549 427.46 567 2605

Jharkhand ‐ 100 276.6 109.14 352 837

Maharashtra ‐ 109.78 483.6 190.74 300 1084

Odisha 329.97 736.72 140.9 184.68 306 1698

Uttarakhand 261.87 387 285.5 79.5 220 1233

Arunachal Pradesh 1510.4 873.6 196 50 200 2829

Assam 1080.3 601.36 755.2 338.44 694 3469

Mizoram 865.45 1001.97 825.3 900 1737 5329

Nagaland 1316 1484.17 1370 965.34 1155 6290

Total 5639.33 6081.8 4882.1 3245.3 5531 25375

(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)

As per the table above, the total amount released for the nine states

(` 253.75 crore) is around 44% of the total fund allocated under NBM. It is also seen that

the maximum amount has been released for Nagaland followed by Mizoram and Assam.

Component‐wise Release of Funds

Following are the details of the funds released under various components of NBM in the

various states during each financial year:


3.4.2.1 Centralised Nursery in Public Sector (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11

Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved

Arunachal Pradesh 43.68 43.68 40.95 40.95

Assam 43.68 43.68 10.92 10.92 5.46 5.46 37.5 37.5

Chhattisgarh 43.68 43.68 54.6 54.6 5.46 5.46

Jharkhand 7.78 7.78 27.3 21.35

Maharashtra 10.92 10.92 21.84 21.84

Mizoram 54.6 54.6 27.3 27.3 5.46 5.46

Nagaland 16.38 16.38 13.65 13.65

Odisha 27.3 27.3 136.5 136.5 5.46 5.46

Uttarakhand 38.22 38.22 2.73 2.73 5.46 2.73 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)

3.4.2.2 Centralised Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11



Assam 10.88 1.36

Chhattisgarh

Jharkhand 8.6 2.41

Maharashtra

Mizoram 1.36 1.36

Nagaland 6.8 6.8 5.44 5.44

Odisha 6.8 6.8 3.4 3.4 0.68 0.68

Uttarakhand 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)

3.4.2.3 Kisan Nursery in Public Sector (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11



Assam 0.65

Chhattisgarh 0.26 0.26 0.39 0.39

Jharkhand

Maharashtra

Mizoram 0.65 0.65 0.97 0.97 0.13 0.13

Nagaland

Odisha 0.52 0.52 0.32 0.32

Uttarakhand (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)


3.4.2.4 Kisan Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11



Assam 0.32 0.65 0.32

Chhattisgarh 0.26 0.26 0.58 0.58 0.32 0.32

Jharkhand

Maharashtra 0.13 0.13 0.52 0.52

Mizoram 0.65 0.65 0.97 0.97 0.13 0.13

Nagaland 0.65 0.65 1.04 1.04

Odisha 0.52 0.52 0.65 0.65


3.4.2.5 Mahila Nursery in Private Sector (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11



Assam 0.32 0.65 0.32

Chhattisgarh 0.26 0.26 0.65 0.65 0.32 0.32

Jharkhand

Maharashtra 0.13 0.13 0.52 0.52

Mizoram 0.65 0.65 0.78 0.78 0.13 0.13

Nagaland 0.65 0.65 1.04 1.04

Odisha 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65


3.4.2.6 Plantation in Forest Area (in ` Lakh)


Maximum amount of funds for plantation is released for Nagaland and thus, maximum plantation done in districts of Nagaland.

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 714.25 714.25 377.5 377.5 71.26 75 12.5 12.5 157.5 157.5

Assam 720 720 275 275 219.6 219.62 368.8 37.5 514.9 326.75

Chhattisgarh 216 216 312.5 312.5 281.9 281.87 141.3 140.4

Jharkhand 52.22 52.22 104 86.5 134.5 106.25

Maharashtra 37.5 37.5 350 208.75 95 30 75 56.25

Mizoram 625 625 569.5 569.5 187 187 375 375 737.5 737.5

Nagaland 900 900 937.5 937.5 375 375 372.5 372.5 688 502.29

Odisha 172 172 175.9 175.87 5 5 191.3 137.5 125 82.5

Uttarakhand 209 209 274.3 274.25 25 62.5 62.5 124 88.75


3.4.2.7 Plantation in Non‐Forest Area (in ` Lakh)


3.4.2.8 Maintenance of Plantation raised in previous year in Forest Area (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 377.5 94.5 353.5

Assam 275 275 219.6 219.62 37.5 37.5

Chhattisgarh 312.5 278.08 281.9 242.18

Jharkhand 68.75 41.98 104 31.56 129.4 59.41

Maharashtra 68.42 105.62 30 15

Mizoram 569.5 494.25 187.5 187.5 375 375

Nagaland 937.5 937.5 314 314 372 372

Odisha 175.9 122.88 57.99 3.42 191.6 191.57


3.4.2.9 Maintenance of Plantation raised in previous year in Non‐Forest Area (in ` Lakh)


State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 360 360 308 308 12 12 4 4 39.52 39.4

Assam 80 40 20 40

Chhattisgarh 40 40 80 80 120 90.8

Jharkhand 20.48 10.24 0.49 8

Maharashtra 12 12 80 45.44 40.72 24.51 80 18.97

Mizoram 160 160 60 60 20 20 100 100 64 64

Nagaland

Odisha 70 70 40 40 2 2 13.2 5.6

Uttarakhand 4 4 4 10 10 20 10

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 308 162.5 12

Assam

Chhattisgarh 40 80 74.08

Jharkhand 0.49 0.28

Maharashtra 32.04 17.9 41.56 16.76

Mizoram 60 60 20 20 100 100

Nagaland

Odisha 40 42 34.03 7.97 7.97

Uttarakhand 4 4 10 8.6


3.4.2.10 Improvement of Existing Stock (in ` Lakh)


3.4.2.11 Post Harvest Storage and Treatment (in ` Lakh)


3.4.2.12 Training of Farmers within State (in ` Lakh)


State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh

Assam 160 160 126.4 126.4 115.7 115.68 78.8 29.8 188 108

Chhattisgarh 160 160 32 32 40 40 11.52 11.18

Jharkhand 39.5 39.5 70 45.57 27.52 19.7 80 64.19

Maharashtra 64 64 24 80

Mizoram 144 144 16 16 75.52 75.52 201.6 201.6

Nagaland 182.32 182.32 200 200 100 100 201.8 121.76

Odisha 240 240 3.2 14.72

Uttarakhand 1.6 1.6 40 40 16

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh

Assam 20 20 20 20 20 20

Chhattisgarh

Jharkhand

Maharashtra 20 17.56 20

Mizoram 20 20

Nagaland 40 40 20 20 40 40

Odisha

Uttarakhand 40 40

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 6.08 6.08 16.41 16.41 3.04 1.34 1.52

Assam 3.04 3.04 18.75 18.75 16.41 9.11 1.48 10.95 3.42

Chhattisgarh 1.36 1.36 7.6 7.6 6.08 6.08 3.05 3.05 1.53 1.52

Jharkhand 1.14 1.14 1.56 1.56 1.52

Maharashtra 1.52 1.52 4.86 4.86 1.52 0.83 6.08 6.08

Mizoram 4.25 4.25 12.16 12.16 6.08 6.08 1.49 1.49 3.24 3.24

Nagaland 1.1 1.1 31.92 31.92 7.66 7.66

Odisha 12.16 12.16 3.8 3.8 1.52

Uttarakhand 1.82 1.82 12.92 12.92 0.54 0.54 0.55


3.4.2.13 Training of Farmers outside State (in ` Lakh)


3.4.2.14 Training of Field Functionaries (in ` Lakh)


3.4.2.15 Demonstration of Technology (in ` Lakh)


State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 4.92 4.92 20 20 2.5

Assam 2.5 2.5 10 10 15 10 1.25 12.8 2

Chhattisgarh 2 2 2.5 1.25 1.25

Jharkhand 1.25 1.1 1.25

Maharashtra 0.62 0.62 2.5 0.25 1.25 5

Mizoram 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

Nagaland 2.6 2.6 5 5

Odisha 2.5 2.5 1.25 1.25 1.25

Uttarakhand

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 16.64 16.64 40 40 4

Assam 8 8 28 28 16.32 12.8 4 16.24 3.2

Chhattisgarh 3.2 3.2 1.6 1.6 4 4 4 4 1.6 1.6

Jharkhand 4 2.92 1.6 0.4

Maharashtra 5.28 5.28 12.8 12.8 4 28 6.48

Mizoram 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 5.6 5.6

Nagaland 2.4 2.4 4.32 4.32 4 4

Odisha 8 8 8 8 1.6

Uttarakhand 1.6 1.6 15.2 15.2 4 2.77 1.2

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 2 2 2 2 2

Assam 2 2 8 8 5 5 2.5 0.5 0.5

Chhattisgarh 3 3

Jharkhand

Maharashtra 7 7 1 1 2.5

Mizoram 1.6 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5

Nagaland

Odisha 2.2 2.2

Uttarakhand 2.6 2.6 1


3.4.2.16 Workshop/Seminar at State Level (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 3 3 6 6 3

Assam 3 3 3 3 6 3 3

Chhattisgarh 3 3 3 3 3

Jharkhand 3 1.49 3 3

Maharashtra 3 3 3 3 3 6 3

Mizoram 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Nagaland 3 3 6 6 3 3 3 3

Odisha 3 3 3 3 3

Uttarakhand 3 3 3 3 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)

3.4.2.17 Workshop/Seminar at District Level (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 10 10 20 20 10 4 4

Assam 3 3 27 27 30 20 7 1 15 15

Chhattisgarh 3 3 6 6 6 6

Jharkhand 2 2 2 2

Maharashtra 16 16 25 25 8 3 6 0.9

Mizoram 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3 3

Nagaland 11 11 5 5

Odisha 10 10 30 30 10

Uttarakhand 3 3 3 3(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)

3.4.2.18 Participation in Domestic Trade Fairs (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75

Assam 7.5 7.5 7.5 3.75

Chhattisgarh 3.75 3.75

Jharkhand 3.75

Maharashtra 3.75 3.75 3.75 2.7

Mizoram 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75

Nagaland 3.75 3.75 7.5 7.5 3.75 3.75 3.75

Odisha 2 2 3.75 1



3.4.2.19 Pest and Disease Management (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh 14 14 7.7 7.7 6 0.2 0.2

Assam 0.37 0.37 0.92 0.92

Chhattisgarh 1 1 6.25 6.25

Jharkhand

Maharashtra 0.2 0.2 0.34

Mizoram 20 20 10 10 2 2

Nagaland 3.5 3.5 12 12 11.83 11.83 12 12

Odisha 7.8 7.8

Uttarakhand 0.4 0.4 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)

3.4.2.20 Innovative Intervention (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh

Assam 43 23 23 10 33 12

Chhattisgarh 200 200 300 205

Jharkhand 15.5 7.4 25

Maharashtra 48 47.5 25.3 5 28 20

Mizoram 25 25 12 12 162.3 152.28

Nagaland 8 8

Odisha 25 16

Uttarakhand 5 16.65 15.65 1.94 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)

3.4.2.21 Bamboo Wholesale and Retail Market near Village (in ` Lakh)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11


Arunachal Pradesh

Assam 5.33 5.33 5.33 5.33 21.23

Chhattisgarh

Jharkhand 8

Maharashtra 8 6.06 8

Mizoram 26.65 26.65

Nagaland 15.99 15.99 13.33 13.33

Odisha 12 2

Uttarakhand 10 10 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)


3.4.2.22 Year wise release and expenditure of BTSGs (in ` Lakh)

BTSG Name 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11

Rel. Exp. Rel. Exp. Rel. Exp. Rel. Exp. Rel. Exp.

BTSG (Kerala) 0.00 0.00 30.22 30.22 32.15 32.15 0.00 0.00 10.00 10.00

BTSG (Dehradun)

0.00 0.00 34.30 34.30 28.82 28.82 0.00 0.00 5.00 4.90

CBTC (Guwahati)

91.95 91.95 100.20 100.20 130.84 130.84 76.96 72.47 45.00 28.80

Total 91.95 164.72 191.81 76.96 60.00(Source: State Project Implementing Agency)

*Rel ‐ Release Exp ‐ Expenditure


CHAPTER‐4: PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENTS

The major interventions taken up under NBM include plantation on forest and

non‐forest lands, developing planting material through nursery raising and TC, promotion of

bamboo based handicraft, post harvest management, marketing, capacity building,

stakeholders’ participation, research and development, etc. The national scenario of NBM

programme is presented in the following pages along with key observations and findings

from the studied projects covering 2 districts in each of the 9 states.


The National Bamboo Mission aims at the holistic development of the bamboo sector in

India. The thrust of the Mission is on an area based regionally differentiated strategy for

both forest and non‐forest areas. A number of activities are being supported for increasing

productivity and quality of bamboo by increasing area under bamboo cultivation, mass

production of superior quality planting stock of high yielding species of bamboo,

improvement of the existing stock, pest and disease management, improved post harvest

management and development and up‐gradation of marketing facilities. The Mission made

comprehensive performance during the Plan period which can be seen in the table given

below:

Table: Statement showing State‐wise Major Component‐wise Total Physical Achievement

during 2006‐07 to 2011‐12 under NBM (till 31‐3‐2012)

S. No.

States Nursery (in nos.) Trained Farmers

Field Functionaries Centralised Kisan Mahila Total

1 Andhra Pradesh 10 0 0 10 87 19

2 Bihar 1 0 0 1 423 60

3 Chhattisgarh 38 28 29 95 1421 180

4 Goa 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 Gujarat 5 3 0 8 111 141

6 Himachal Pradesh 6 2 3 11 146 108

7 J & K 8 22 6 36 347 94

8 Jharkhand 20 0 0 20 228 70

9 Karnataka 10 3 1 14 194 82

10 Kerala 2 1 1 4 320 100

11 Madhya Pradesh 5 1 1 7 850 100

12 Maharashtra 12 10 10 32 915 307

13 Odisha 78 31 30 139 1200 200

14 Punjab 22 0 0 22 0 0

15 Rajasthan 39 9 18 66 2051 92


S. No.

States Nursery (in nos.) Trained Farmers

Field Functionaries Centralised Kisan Mahila Total

16 Tamil Nadu 11 1 1 13 3700 380

17 Uttar Pradesh 10 9 8 27 557 130

18 Uttarakhand 18 0 0 18 1010 310

19 West Bengal 11 10 8 29 115 0

SUB‐TOTAL 306 130 116 552 13675 2373

NE STATES

20 Arunachal Pradesh 41 40 17 98 2577 708

21 Assam 22 0 0 22 3805 750

22 Manipur 30 33 33 96 1980 323

23 Meghalaya 17 8 9 34 857 319

24 Mizoram 34 54 48 136 1943 275

25 Nagaland 34 26 26 86 3848 330

26 Sikkim 27 19 35 81 1259 127

27 Tripura 55 46 73 174 6924 506

SUB‐TOTAL (N.E.) 260 226 241 727 23193 3338

GRAND TOTAL 566 356 357 1279 36868 5711


Table: Statement showing State‐wise Major Component‐wise Total Physical Achievement

during 2006‐07 to 2011‐12 under NBM (till 31‐3‐2012)

S. No.

States Plantation (in ha.)

Improve‐ment of existing stock (in

ha)

Tissue Culture Labs (nos.)

Bamboo Bazaar (nos.)

Retail outlet (nos.)

Wholesale & Retail Market (nos.)

Forest Non‐forest

1 Andhra Pradesh 1041 62

2 Bihar 2185 750 1148

3 Chhattisgarh 6749 4753 3044

4 Goa 0 0 0

5 Gujarat 4411 796 1180

6 Himachal Pradesh

2116 923 485

7 J & K 185 85 50

8 Jharkhand 3832 12 3009

9 Karnataka 7521 138 1700 1

10 Kerala 1244 0 0 1

11 Madhya Pradesh 2180 33 2200

12 Maharashtra 2660 2523 800 2

13 Odisha 5895 2315 3000 1

14 Punjab 1800 530 500

15 Rajasthan 3041 1840 0

16 Tamil Nadu 0 2369 160


S. No.

States Plantation (in ha.)

Improve‐ment of existing stock (in ha.)

Tissue Culture Labs (nos.)

Bamboo Bazaar (nos.)

Retail outlet (nos.)

Wholesale & Retail Market (nos.)

Forest Non‐forest

17 Uttar Pradesh 2902 1478 800

18 Uttarakhand 4240 600 520 1

19 West Bengal 130 260 107

SUB‐TOTAL 52132 19467 18703 0 1 2 3

NE STATES

20 Arunachal Pradesh

5743 9193 0

21 Assam 9751 0 6739 2 2 1 1

22 Manipur 8410 5798 2400

23 Meghalaya 4757 817 553

24 Mizoram 22606 9700 6476 2 1

25 Nagaland 24224 4524 11329 2 3

26 Sikkim 3459 7064 2114 2

27 Tripura 3430 3560 3611

SUB‐TOTAL (N.E.)

82380 40656 33222 2 4 4 6

GRAND TOTAL 134512 60123 51925 2 5 6 9


As evident in the above tables, NBM has made an all‐round progress towards achieving its

objectives. A network of nurseries, including centralised nursery and Mahila/Kisan nursery,

was established across the country to ensure that adequate quantity of elite cultivars of

bamboo are available to the farmers. This helped in expansion of area which was more than

envisaged. During the Plan duration, bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of

194635 ha against the envisaged target of 176000 ha which is an increase of around 10%.

Similarly, an impressive progress was made towards improving the existing stock of

bamboo in the country, capacity building of farmers & field functionaries, bamboo bazaar,

retail outlets and wholesale retail market, etc.

The component wise progress made during the Plan period under the NBM is given below:


4.1.1 Centralised Nurseries

Disease free planting material of elite cultivars is a key to the development of bamboo

sector in the country. Establishment of Centralised Nursery with the capacity of producing

disease free 50000 saplings per unit a year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of

planting material. It was envisaged to establish around 345 Centralised nurseries across the

country during XI Plan. The issue has been adequately addressed under NBM as around 566


centralised nurseries were established in the country for producing disease free planting

material of elite cultivars which 64% more than the planned target. Of this, 54% of the

nurseries have been established in the States other than North Eastern region and around

46% in North East region. These nurseries have overall capacity to produce 28.3 million

saplings annually.

Figure: State‐wise Establishment of Nurseries in the Country


BDAs and thus establishment of Centralised Nursery was the main focus. Around 78 (in

number) has been established in the State of Odisha followed by 55 in Tripura, 41 in

Arunachal Pradesh, 39 in Rajasthan and 38 in Chhattisgarh, 34 each in Mizoram & Nagaland

and 30 in Manipur.

4.1.2 Mahila and Kisan Nursery



forward to enhance community participation in the implementation of NBM scheme. The

main objective of such nurseries is to produce 5000 and 10000 saplings respectively per

unit per year. In addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of


nursery growers. It was planned to establish 160 such nurseries (80 Kisan nurseries & 80

Mahila nurseries) during the XI Plan. The Mission succeeded in establishing around 713

such nurseries (356 Kisan and 357 Mahila nurseries) throughout the country which was

more than 4 times the envisaged targets. In Tripura, 119 such nurseries have been

established (46 Kisan & 73 Mahila nurseries respectively), followed by 102 nurseries in

Mizoram and 61 nurseries in Odisha. However, the concept of Mahila and Kisan nurseries

(decentralised) could not be initiated in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand,

Uttarakhand and Assam.

Figure: Establishment of Community Nurseries in Major States

4.1.3 Tissue Culture (TC)

Tissue culture is a technique which could help the regeneration of large numbers of plants

in a relatively short time. It was envisaged to establish 3 TC laboratories, however, under

the Mission not many States showed interests. One of the major impediments as reported

by State Governments was insufficient financial assistance under the Mission. The only TC

laboratory established is in Assam.


Under the programme, plantation of bamboo was taken in more than 134512 ha in forest

area against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was 52% more than the planned

target. North Eastern States were the leaders as far as coverage of bamboo plantation was

concerned. In Mizoram, 32306 ha of land were covered under bamboo plantation.


Nagaland is the placed next to Mizoram in terms of plantation. In Nagaland, plantations

were undertaken in around 28748 ha. Arunachal Pradesh is the third largest in terms of

bamboo plantation where plantations have been taken in 14936 ha area. The other major

States where large scale plantations were undertaken are Manipur, Chhattisgarh, Sikkim,

Assam, Odisha, Karnataka and Tripura.

Figure: Area Expansion in Major Bamboo growing States

4.2.1. Forest Area Plantation

Bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of 134512 ha since inception of the

programme against the envisaged target of 88000 ha which was about 53% more than the

planned target. Nagaland leads the table as far as bamboo plantation in forest area is

concerned. The State undertook plantation of bamboo in land area of around 24224 ha.

Mizoram has done magnificent work by undertaking plantations in 22606 ha. Assam comes

third in terms of plantation with an area 9751 ha followed by

8410 ha in Manipur and 7521 ha in Karnataka. Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Arunachal Pradesh,

Meghalaya and Gujarat are other States where plantations were taken on large scale.


Figure: Area Expansion of Bamboo under Forest Area in Major States

4.2.2. Non‐Forest Area Plantation

Bamboo plantation was also undertaken in non‐forest area. During the Plan period,

bamboo plantation was undertaken in an area of 60123 ha across the country.

Figure: Area Expansion of Bamboo under Non‐Forest Area in Major States

In Mizoram, area covered under bamboo cultivation in the non‐forest area was the highest

amongst all the States. The State has undertaken plantation in an area of 9700 ha followed


by Arunachal Pradesh where plantations of bamboo were undertaken in an area of 9193 ha.

Sikkim, Manipur, Nagaland and Tripura are other States where bamboo plantation has been

undertaken extensively.


Crafts‐persons and artisans of this country are dependent for their livelihood on handicraft

items for which a specific number of bamboo species are being used since times

immemorial. In order to improve the quality of such products, there is a need to improve

upon the existing stock and variety of bamboo that is being used by these crafts‐people and

artisans in order to derive maximum benefits and returns. Improvement of existing stock

was meant to be done to ensure quality bamboo supply to existing users, primarily crafts‐

persons and artisans. Funds allocated under this component are being primarily used in soil

working and fencing the vulnerable clumps. It was planned to bring around 36000 ha area

under improved bamboo stock. The programmes of improvement of existing stock were

undertaken in all the States. Under the programme, an area of 51925 ha was covered

throughout the country for improving the existing stock of bamboo. This was 44% more

than the envisaged target. Nagaland has actively taken up the activities of improving the

existing stock under which 11329 ha existing stocks were taken up. This was followed by

6739 ha in Assam and 6476 ha in Mizoram. The other major States where the activity of

improvement of existing stock was undertaken are Tripura, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and

Odisha.

Figure: Improvement in Existing Stocks of Bamboo in Major Bamboo States


4.4 Technology Dissemination

Transfer of technology through training, frontline demonstration, publicity and training of

the trainers and farmers are an integral part of the Mission. Appropriate training is required

to be imparted to the farmers for the adoption of scientific measures (pre and post harvest

management) for high‐yielding plantations of bamboo and harvesting of shoots. Under this

programme, training of farmers and field level workers were taken extensively throughout

the country.

Focus was given on training the farmers and field functionaries by imparting technical

know‐how for adoption of scientific measures, pre and post harvest management of high‐

yielding plantations of bamboo.

Figure: Capacity Building of Farmers and Field Functionaries in Major States

Under the programme, around 36868 farmers and 5711 field functionaries were trained on

scientific and improved production technologies. Tripura took the lead in training the

farmers and during the project duration, it trained around 6924 farmers and 506 field

functionaries. Next to Tripura is Assam where 3805 farmers and 750 field functionaries. In

Nagaland, 3848 farmers and 330 field functionaries were trained. Tamil Nadu, Arunachal

Pradesh and Manipur were other States where large scale farmers and field functionaries

were trained.


4.5 Bamboo Bazaar

There was no organised retail system in bamboo handicrafts and products selling owing to

which NBM envisaged to set up retail /wholesale markets so that the primary producers

(farmers) can sell their produce without any hassle. These bazaars, apart from trading

activities, also keep track of the market information such as demand supply of bamboo

products, costs, user industries, etc. related to various bamboo products which is passed

on to the farmers and craftsmen which helps them to plan their activities well ahead.

Under the Programme, 5 Bamboo Bazaars were created throughout the country of which 4

were in North Eastern Region and 1 in Southern India. 2 such bazaars were established in

Assam and Mizoram respectively and 1 in Karnataka.

4.5.1. Retail Outlet

To popularise various bamboo handicrafts products including processed shoots, retail

outlets were created. The major objective was to create awareness amongst masses about

diversified bamboo products.

Under the programme, 6 outlets were established in the country. Two outlets were created

in Nagaland followed by one each in Mizoram, Assam, Kerala and Uttarakhand.

4.5.2. Wholesale Markets

Wholesale markets were envisaged under the programme with an objective to keep track

of the market information related to various bamboo products and its dissemination to the

farmers and the primary processors which in turn helps them to plan their activities well in

advance. Under the programme, 9 such markets were established across the country. 3

wholesale markets were established in Nagaland, followed by 2 each in Sikkim &

Maharashtra and 1 each in Odisha & Assam.

B. Project Status

The Mid‐Term Third Party Evaluation Study of NBM was carried out with nine states and

two districts in each of them as the study area. Following are the states and the districts

that comprised the study area.











The detailed findings of the study team from the studied projects along with the critical

analysis are as below.


4.6.1. Centralised Nurseries

The centralised nurseries are meant for producing sufficient quantity of planting material. A

total number of 311 centralised nurseries – both public and private ‐ have been established

in the districts covered under mid‐term evaluation study. Above 90% of the established

nurseries are centralised of which 78% have been raised by public sector agencies.

Figure: Bamboo Centralised Nursery (Pasighat)

Establishment of centralised nursery with the capacity of producing 50000 saplings per unit

per year was envisaged in NBM to meet the demands of planting material. 44% of the total

centralised nurseries were established in the year 2006‐07 and 43% were established in the

next financial year. Due to no funds released (refer 3.4.2.1 and 3.4.2.2, chapter 3) during

the last two financial years for establishing nursery, no nursery has been set up in the last

two years in any of the states. Maximum number of centralised nurseries has been set up in

Odisha till now; out of which 72% were set up in 2007‐08. It is to be noted that in the

subsequent years, output of nurseries established in previous years has been utilised.


Table: Centralised Nursery (Number)

State 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09

Public Private Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Sum

Arunachal

Pradesh 16 5 21 15 2 17 0 0 0 38

Assam 16 16 32 4 0 4 2 0 2 38

Chhattisgarh 16 0 16 20 0 20 2 0 2 38

Jharkhand 0 0 0 6 0 6 8 6 14 20

Maharashtra 0 0 0 4 0 4 8 8 16 20

Mizoram 20 0 20 10 2 12 2 0 2 34

Nagaland 16 0 16 5 8 13 0 0 0 29

Odisha 10 10 20 50 5 55 0 1 1 76

Uttarakhand 14 0 14 1 1 2 1 1 2 18

Total 108 31 139 115 18 133 23 16 39 311



BDAs and thus, raising centralised nursery was the main focus. The reasons behind this

were quality control, easy access, ownership, availability of infrastructure, etc. However,

the centralised nurseries established in public and private sectors in most of the states

could not meet the demand and the saplings were sourced from private nurseries.

Cost norm is a concern in this component too, almost in all the states. In Odisha, since

preferred species of Bambusa vulgaris and Bambusa nutans are done through layering

method, the physical target of 50000 saplings for central nursery in public sector is too high

with reference to the existing cost norm. BDA suggests that it should be brought down to

maximum 22750 saplings.

4.6.2. Mahila and Kisan Nursery



forward to enhance community participation in implementation of NBM scheme. In

addition, the concept also contributes to increase in income level of nursery growers.

As an initiative taken in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland and Odisha, equal number

of Mahila and Kisan nurseries were set up in the year 2006‐07 whereas the percentage of

Mahila nursery established in the year 2007‐08 was half that of Kisan nurseries. An opposite

trend is seen the following year when Kisan nurseries established were half of Mahila

nurseries. It has to be noted that in Odisha, the nurseries set up in 2006‐07 served for the

subsequent years also.


The overall achievement with regard to Mahila and Kisan nurseries seems to be quite low.

Funds for this component (3.4.2.3, 3.4.2.4 and 3.4.2.5, chapter 3) were low during the initial

years and for the last two years; funds have not been given to states, with exception of

Odisha.

The concept of Mahila and Kisan nurseries (decentralised) to be established to produce

5000 and 10000 saplings respectively per unit per year could not be initiated in Assam,

Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand. Raising nurseries through women

and farmers requires a clear understanding of concept and strategic approach to deal with

beneficiaries in terms of motivation and communication, capacity building, intensive follow

up, technical guidance, quality control and ensuring timely sale of the saplings. In addition,

the nurseries on private land could not take off due to inadequate financial assistance. 25%

of the cost with subject to ` 6500/‐ is quite low, seen in the background of increasing labour costs and other inputs costs. Another reason for bleak development is lack of

information among the beneficiaries.

4.6.3. Tissue Culture

The concept of tissue culture was planned to supply the quality planting material in large

quantities. No TC lab has been established in any of the states and no allotment was made

for this purpose to the BDAs. Moreover, the cost norms under the Mission (` 21 lakh/TC for PSUs and ` 10.5 lakh for private sector) are such that it is not possible to set up a TC lab. According to Aryave Biotech Pvt. Ltd. ‐ a private agency involved in tissue culture in

Uttarakhand, marketing is also a critical factor to run a TC lab on profit.

Twice funds for establishment of TC lab were released to Assam, amount being ` 21 lakh each for years 2006‐07 and 2008‐09. One TC lab has been established in Jalukbari in the

district of Kamrup. The new building structure and the equipments are in place. However,

the green house facilities have not been created. SBSC has taken a decision to run the lab

on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode but no entrepreneur has come forward.

The conventional methods of producing planting material are only being followed. High

tech method of tissue culturing has not been yet possible. Nagaland (NBDA) has taken

initiative in planting tissue cultured saplings but not setting up of TC lab.

4.6.4. Timely Supply of Saplings

It was found that saplings are distributed to the beneficiaries well on time in all the states.

In response to the query about the timely availability of saplings, almost all the

beneficiaries gave a positive reply.

In certain cases as in East Siang of Arunachal Pradesh, there has been delay of three to four

months due to non‐timely procurement of saplings by the Forest Department. During field


visits, it was also found that beneficiaries were satisfied with delivery time of planting

material.

Figure: Bamboo Saplings Planted in East Siang (Arunachal Pradesh)

4.6.5. Future Demand of Quality Planting Material

As mentioned in the following table, there seems be a constant increase in the estimated

future demand for bamboo saplings in Chhattisgarh, Mizoram and Odisha. The estimated

demand remains constant for Uttarakhand and Nagaland.

Table: Future Demand of Planting Material (no. of saplings)

States Future demand

2011‐12 2012‐13 2013‐14

Assam 1500000 1800000 2200000

Chhattisgarh 1200000 1400000 1600000

Maharashtra 3500000 400000 500000

Mizoram 3750000 4375000 5000000

Nagaland 3740000 3740000 3740000

Odisha 877000 1043000 1186000

Uttarakhand 1030000 1030000 1030000


In each of the studied districts, nearly 10% of the total beneficiaries/farmers were

interacted with. It was found that the farmers compare bamboo plantation with other

agricultural/horticultural crops and have less willingness due to a long gestation period in

case of bamboo. Complete awareness is not yet available about bamboo cultivation and its


further usage in many areas, especially in non‐bamboo growing states including

Uttarakhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Horticultural crops like pineapple and

oranges perform well and farmers in North East are going for their cultivation. There is also

a fair demand of these crops in the region. With no paper mill or organised market for

bamboo poles, farmers do not look willing to take it up as a cash crop. Transportation to

long distances is also a big issue mainly due to the poor road infrastructure in North East

states.

In Uttarakhand, large farmers are trying bamboo by planting it around their fields. The soil

binding property of bamboo has also attracted them and they took planting bamboo as one

of the measures to check soil erosion. Once the harvest from the first bamboo crop is sold

and utilised, then perhaps there will be interest grown as perceived by the large farmers in

Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.


Bamboo plantation activity was planned to be taken up on forest and non‐forest lands

covering a target of 88000 hectare each across 27 states taken up under NBM. Following is

a detailed analysis of bamboo plantation activities in 18 districts of 9 states as covered

under the mid‐term evaluation study.

Figure: Bamboo Rhizome Planted (2 yrs. old)


4.7.1. Forest Land Plantation

BDAs in all the states except Nagaland are the forest departments and therefore, bamboo

plantation has primarily been focused upon forestlands through JFMCs.

As per the details given in the following table, nearly 16% of the total plantation was

covered during 2006‐07 of which 79% was covered in the states of Arunachal Pradesh and

Mizoram. The plantation activities during the first year could take up low or no momentum

in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Nagaland and Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand.

The plantation activity geared up during 2007‐08 covering around 37% of the total

plantation coverage in the study districts. The second year of plantation witnessed

significant increase in plantation coverage in Sarguja, Chatra, Hazaribagh, Mamit, Aizwal,

Dimapur, Mocokchung and Pauri districts whereas the same got reduced in the remaining

districts. The trend in plantation coverage shows further reduction to 22% and 24%

respectively during the years 2008‐09 and 2009‐10. The activity almost stopped during

2010‐11 covering only 80 ha of forestland in Odisha.

Table: Plantation Coverage Forestland (ha)

States 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total

Arunachal Pradesh

East Siang 300 75 30 0 0 405

West Siang 200 50 30 0 0 280

Assam

Cachar 57 60 98 50 0 265

Nagaon 0 495 100 0 0 495

Chhattisgarh

Korba 0 200 200 0 0 400

Sarguja 0 850 0 750 0 1600

Jharkhand

Chatra 0 200 200 200 0 600

Hazaribagh 0 100 82 182 0 364

Maharashtra

Chandrapur 50 50 ‐ 0 100

Yavatmal 50 50 10 0 110

Mizoram

Mamit 350 700 250 360 0 1660

Aizwal 550 850 350 450 0 2200

Nagaland*

Dimapur 0 350 600 210 0 1160

Mokokchung 0 1000 1191 650 0 2841


States 2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total

Odisha

Bolangir 140 60 0 60 60 320

Mayurbhanj 0 85 0 70 20 175

Uttarakhand

Pauri 150 340 100 0 590

U S Nagar 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 1747 5415 3131 3082 80 13365

(Source: State Project Implementing Agency) *Nagaland–Community owned land is included under Forest Land. Hence, no plantation in Non‐

forest Land

As indicated in the graph above, maximum plantation has taken place in Mokokchung

covering almost one‐fourth of the total plantation area. Of all the nine states, maximum

amount of fund released for plantation in forest area is for Nagaland (refer 3.4.2.6,

chapter 3). Mokokchung is followed by Aizwal, Mamit, Dimapur and Pauri districts covering

20%, 15%, 11% and 5% respectively. The plantation in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha is less

than 2% whereas the same could not be taken up in Udham Singh Nagar district in

Uttarakhand due to non‐availability of forest land.

An area covered under bamboo plantation in the studied 18 districts in 9 states represents

nearly 15% contribution to the total target of 88000 ha during X and XI plans. The low

plantation coverage is correlated to many aspects including the initiatives taken by the

implementing agencies, approach and strategies, regular and timely fund flow, availability

of forestlands, demand and supply of bamboo in the area, interest of JFMCs, cost norms


laid down under NBM, enabling environment at the state/district level in favour of bamboo

plantation, etc. The districts in Nagaland and Mizoram have got multiple advantages

amongst the ones mentioned above to achieve the higher targets as compared to the

others. Udham Singh Nagar has limited area available for forestland plantation.

Figure: Plantation in Forest land in Uttarakhand

The other factors responsible for low achievement of planned targets in plantation

coverage include unavailability of adequate funds and irregular and untimely fund flow to

the implementing agencies. As seen in table 3.4.2.6 (chapter 3), the lowest amount for

plantation released is for Maharashtra and thus, very low plantation coverage. Late supply

of saplings is one of the factors for low achievement. In certain other cases, sapling quality

was too low to be accepted by the farmer. For instance, a complete lot of saplings procured

by the Pasighat Forest Division was wasted because the beneficiaries did not accept it, the

reason being poor survival rate. Hence, no plantation could take place. Due to lack of

mechanism to check the quality of planting material, such instances of wastage are

common. Jungle clearance before plantation is an uphill task as also management of

plantation areas. These two constraints are shared by the functionaries in Nagaland. An

important aspect in case of Arunachal Pradesh is non‐provision of fencing material.

Plantations are prone to mithun (a revered bovine) and cow. They destroy the saplings and

rhizomes planted.


In Odisha, major factors that contained area expansion in forest lands include lack of

separate provisions for fencing and watering, inadequate cost norm to provide proper

fencing and watering and micro‐irrigation component provided in the programme is not

permissible for this plantation. Since plantation activities involve preliminary operations

(PO) like site preparation and nursery raising one year in advance, the non‐provision of

funds for PO one year in advance hampers the timely execution of various time bound

planting operations.

FDAs in many of the states are of the opinion that the cost norm of ` 25000 per ha on forestlands is inadequate to carryout plantation activities. In fact, the cost norm was

probably estimated on the prevailing wage rates before 2006 when the wage rates were

less than ` 60/day which are almost doubled currently under NREGS, that is ` 120/day.

The quality of bamboo plantation was found good especially in North Eastern states as

compared to the non‐bamboo growing states including Uttarakhand. In fact, 20% of the

plantation (2006‐07) in Nagaon district has reached a maturity level. However, in other

states, it is likely to take 2‐3 years more to reach the maturity stage.

Figure: Bamboo Plantation in Pasighat East Siang (Arunachal Pradesh)

The forest departments in almost all states except Nagaland where BDA is a non‐forest

department, has involved JFMCs in the programme. Initially, JFMC members involved in the

programme felt as an employment opportunity but they have more clarity at this stage

about their role, responsibility, plantation protection & management, future planning,

benefit sharing, etc. The JFMC members in Pauri district in Uttarakhand have planned


strategies to protect the plantation from wild life whereas JFMC in Nagaon district in Assam

has started thinking on various marketing channels to earn more profit. The interest of

JFMCs in many of the states will further increase once they harvest the fruits from the first

plantation.

4.7.2. Non‐Forest Land Plantation

Out of the total area covered under non‐forest land, 18% was planted in 2006‐07 with

majority of it being in Aizwal district of Mizoram. In subsequent years, this remained almost

constant for the next three years in the range of 26% to 28%. Aizwal and Mamit are the two

districts in which maximum plantations have taken place and they account for 56% of the

total plantation.

Plantation in Non‐Forest Land in ha (2006‐11)

2006‐07 2007‐08 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 Total

Arunachal Pradesh

East Siang 0 100 265 0 0 365

West Siang 0 130 265 0 0 395

Assam

Cachar 0 18 8 0 0 26

Nagaon 0 0 0 0 0 0

Chhattisgarh

Korba 0 0 0 0 0 0

Sarguja 0 0 182 96 0 278

Jharkhand

Chatra 0 0 0 0 0 0

Hazaribagh 0 0 0 0 0 0

Maharashtra

Chandrapur 0 22 19 9 0 50

Yavatmal 0 20 20 10 0 50

Mizoram

Mamit 51 186 80 350 0 667

Aizwal 300 189 70 375 0 934

Nagaland

Dimapur 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mokukchung 0 0 0 0 0 0

Odisha

Bolangir 20 37 15 0 0 72

Mayurbhanj 209 57 0 0 0 266

Uttarakhand

Pauri 0 0 0 0 0 0

U S Nagar 0 30 0 65 0 95

Total 580 789 924 905 0 3198 (Source: State Project Implementing Agency)


An instance of how states are promoting plantation in non‐forest areas may be seen in

Sarguja (Chhattisgarh). Out of 1530 beneficiaries in the district, 560 were given 130 saplings

each in the year 2008‐09. In the subsequent year, 750 beneficiaries were given 45 saplings

each, 100 beneficiaries were given 20 saplings each and another 120 beneficiaries were

given 25 saplings each. Assistance at the rate of ` 10 (cash) per sapling (after deducting cost of sapling) was also given. In Pauri, no plantation took place on non‐forest land as there are

no Village Forest Committees. In Nagaland, only forest land (which is owned by community)

has been brought under purview of NBM. NBDA ‐ the state’s nodal agency for NBM, only

takes up plantations in such community owned lands.

An area covered under bamboo plantation on non‐forest land in the studied 18 districts in 9

states represents less than 4% contribution to the total target of

88000 ha during X and XI plans. With a view to bring out bamboo from the confines of

forest lands and promote its cultivation as an economic activity, assistance of

` 8000 per hectare is provided to a grower for plantation in non‐forest area. Though there are not very specific records available, through interactions and field visits it has been

found that awareness about bamboo cultivation has grown in the two districts of

Uttarakhand. The farmers in Uttarakhand have planted bamboo seeing it not as a high

return yielding crop but have planted it on an experimental basis and also seeing its

ecological benefits as prevention of soil erosion. Many do not prefer to plant it on their

fertile lands.

There still is scepticism about its adoption in non‐bamboo growing states due to low or no

existence of backward and forward linkages, post‐harvest and marketing infrastructure.


Moreover, low financial assistance has not been able to encourage individual farmers to

take this up. Bleak interest of agencies responsible for plantation in non‐forest areas, as

departments of Horticulture and Agriculture, has also contributed to low adoption in non

forest areas.

4.7.3. Major Species Planted

NBM recommends thirteen (13) species to be adopted for plantation. It is seen that

bamboo growing states in the North‐East are favourable for growth of variety of bamboo

whereas Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh provide favourable

growth conditions to only one species, i.e. D.strictus, B. tulda, B. pallida, Dendrocalamus

hamiltonii are more common species in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram.

Table: Major Species Planted

States Forestland Non‐forestland

Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3

Arunachal

Pradesh

B. tulda B. pallida, Dendrocalamus

hamiltonii

B. tulda Dendrocalamus

hamiltonii

Assam B. pallid Mellocana

baccifera

(muli)

Dendrocalamus

hamiltonii

B. pallida Mellocana

baccifera (muli)

Chhattisgarh D.

strictus

D.

strictus

Jharkhand D.

strictus

D.

strictus

Mizoram B. tulda B.

bamboos

D. hamiltonii B. tulda B. bamboos D.

hamiltonii

Maharashtra D.

strictus

D.

strictus

Nagaland B. tulda D.

hamiltonii

B. tulda

Odisha Bambusa

vulgaris

Bambusa

nutans

D. strictus Bambusa

vulgaris

D. strictus

Uttarakhand D.

strictus

‐

There is an obvious interest in fast growing species of bamboo and also in the ones that can

be propagated through rhizomes. It has been found that rhizome plantation is a more

preferred method than sapling. Also, rhizome grows fast and yields better culms. It even

needs less care than saplings. It is to be noted that new species introduced (distributed to


beneficiaries) could not perform better than the indigenous ones. There was no special

treatment given to the newly introduced species without which they could grow in natural

conditions.

4.7.4. Sources of Planting Material

Major source of saplings to the beneficiaries are the forest nurseries. Private nurseries too

are meeting the demands of the forest departments since forest nurseries could not be

developed to meet the growing demand. Tissue cultured saplings were planted in Nagaland

in the year 2010 in various pockets. These saplings were sourced from a private lab in

Assam. BDA in Uttarakhand also purchased saplings on two occasions from Aryave Biotech

Pvt. Ltd., a tissue culture lab. Survival rate of TC saplings has been found to be much better

and also these saplings have shown faster growth rates.

Table: Sources of Planting Material

States Forest Department’s

Nursery

Private

Nursery

Tissue Cultured

Saplings

Arunachal Pradesh Y (yes) Y N (no)

Assam Y Y N

Chhattisgarh Y N N

Jharkhand Y N N

Mizoram Y N N

Maharashtra Y N N

Nagaland N Y Y

Odisha Y N N

Uttarakhand Y N Y

Procurement of sapling from outside agency is common but the quality of material remains

a big issue. Since there are no clear guidelines on certification of material, the mechanism is

far from development. It is found that funds released for quality certification of planting

material are almost nil during the five year’s period. Ambiguity persists about the species

planted not only among the beneficiaries but also among the forest department. Private

nurseries under NBM ‐ centralised and decentralised nurseries (mahila & kisan) ‐ are yet to

be operational to be the source of saplings.


Figure: Bamboo Nursery 4.7.5. Use of Micro‐Irrigation

There is a provision of micro‐irrigation under the Mission. Assistance of an amount of ` 20,000 towards installation of irrigation systems per hectare is provided, subject to a ceiling

of 4 ha., depending on actual and emerging needs of the areas identified for plantation. The

concept of micro‐irrigation was not implemented in any of the states.

It is seen that even funds for micro‐irrigation have not been allocated in most of the states

in most of the years. During interactions, it was also found that micro‐irrigation was not a

need for most of the states. The fund allocation under this norm may be readjusted to

increase the assistance under quality saplings procurement and fencing needs.

4.7.6. Management of Pest and Diseases

An amount of ` 200 per hectare is provided as one time grant from the NBM for the

purpose of treatment for pest and disease. Pest and disease attack is very uncommon in the

districts of the states studied. This grant may be readjusted under the cost norms.


4.7.7. Survival Rate

Bamboo is a hardy plant and most of its species survive if the initial protection from

physical damage is provided. It hardly gets affected by any disease. Favourable soil and

optimum irrigation after transplantation are two other factors that govern its growth.

North East is a natural habitat of bamboo and survival rate of saplings is 75% in the

Mizoram. But in two districts of Arunachal Pradesh, survival rate has been 50% on an

average. It is the highest in Mayurbhanj and bamboo grew very well in Bolangir also with a

survival rate of 80%.

Table: Survival Rate (%age)

States Survival rate

Arunachal Pradesh

East Siang 60

West Siang 40

Assam

Cachar 60

Nagaon 70

Chhattisgarh

Korba 60

Sarguja 72

Jharkhand

Chatra 45

Hazaribagh 90

Maharashtra

Chandrapur 55

Yavatmal 50

Mizoram

Mamit 75

Aizwal 75

Nagaland

Dimapur 70

Mokokchung 75

Odisha

Bolangir 80

Mayurbhanj 90

Uttarakhand

Pauri 60

U S Nagar 60


The reasons for low rate of survival in various states may be summarised as below –

a) Arunachal Pradesh

Small saplings were grazed by goats and cows. Rhizomes planted were destroyed

by animal mithun (Bos frontalis). Since no provision of fencing is available,

saplings could not be protected.

No care was taken after plantation and even clearing of weeds around the sapling

was not done. This was seen in case of plantations done in West Siang.

b) Chhattisgarh

Drought / poor rainfall

c) Jharkhand

Drought / poor rainfall

d) Maharashtra

Wild boar attack

e) Uttarakhand

Porcupine eating up the roots

Wild boar attack

Grazing

No care taken – weeding not done

As seen, most of the factors for low survival rate come under external or physical damage

to the saplings. This can be overcome through preventive measures. Provision of fencing to

avoid damages by animals is one important aspect. Funds allocated to various states under

maintenance of plantation in forest and non‐forest lands are given in table 3.4.2.8 and

3.4.2.9 in chapter 3.

Cost norms under NBM do not specify provisions for protection of plantation. Fencing is

very much essential in Arunachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand where saplings

are highly prone to damage by wild animals. Readjustments in cost norms under various

heads may be done to provide assistance for fencing. Since there is not much scope for

micro‐irrigation system for bamboo, the cost under this may be allocated to more needed

items.



Improvement of existing stock was meant to be done to ensure quality bamboo supply to

existing users, primarily crafts‐persons and artisans. Funds allocated under this component

(3.4.2.10, chapter 3) are being primarily used in soil working and fencing the vulnerable

clumps. A review of the table indicates that Assam and Nagaland have actively taken up the

activities of improving the existing stock. The two states get regular demand of bamboo and

it is essential for them to maintain the supply by protecting their current stock.

Initiatives in Odisha on this aspect are as follows –

a) Soil working to loosen the hard soil to facilitate new shoots

b) Earth mounding to cover exposed rhizomes and protect new shoots

c) Cleaning of clump to help growth of new culms

d) Half‐moon trench for moisture conservation

e) Stone/brushwood fencing to check run off and stabilise mounded soil

In Uttarakhand, rejuvenation of exiting stock consisted of removal of entangled culm from

existing clumps and soiling of the clump.

In Mizoram, enrichment plantations have been taken up.

In Assam, under improvement of existing stock, major activity taken up is restocking.

Restocking mainly comprises of the following operations –

a) In‐felling – This is to optimise the number of bamboo clumps per hectare. Excess of

bamboo clumps are reduced and spacing too is optimised.

b) Soil working – Due to rains, soil around the clumps is washed away. Soil is worked

upon to cover the roots collar areas. This is taken up during winter season.

c) Protection from biotic interference – Barbed wire fencing in sensitive areas is

provided.

d) Thinning of clumps – Culms are reduced to ensure better growth of each culm. This

is done is two patterns – criss‐cross and horse shoe.

In almost all the states, BDAs and field functionaries have for now focused on prime

objectives of NBM, that is, area expansion under bamboo plantation. All the energies have

been on making beneficiaries adopt this programme and bringing maximum area under the

coverage. Thus, not many efforts have been put into maintenance of old stock. The other

reason behind this is less number of individuals engaged in handicraft making and non‐

existence of ready demand for bamboo products.


4.9 Post Harvesting

An important component under NBM is promotion of handicrafts, their marketing and

export. NBM appeals SBSCs to develop post harvest infrastructure in various districts along

with introducing grading system of round and primary processed bamboo and preservative

methods (both conventional and chemical) according to use.

Achievements across the states are follows –

a) Assam ‐ In Cachar, vacuum pressure plant established under FDA during

2010‐11.

b) Mizoram ‐ Storage and treatment facility.

c) Nagaland ‐ Introduction of vacuum pressure impregnation treatment and concrete

dipped treatment.

Figure: Bamboo Harvest in Dimapur (Nagaland)

NBDA houses various post‐harvest treatment and production facilities that have

been developed utilising funds under NBM as well as other programmes. Various

innovative products like bamboo toys, pens, kitchen items, napkins (from bamboo

pulp) have been developed by the technical team working under NBDA. NBDA has

also supported entrepreneurs to establish manufacturing units within its premises.

It provides funding for machines and does not charge for space and bear other costs

as well for one year.


NBDA, in the coming years, plans to establish chipping machine in a centralised

village which can produce raw material. The news that the Paper Mill in Tuli (district

Mokukchung) is going to start operation after 20 years of closure has incited interest

in farmers to go for bamboo chip production.

d) Uttarakhand ‐ Common Facility Centre (CFC), Kotdwara (district Pauri), has

treatment facility for 20” long pole. CFC has the support of Development

Commissioner (Handicrafts) and World Food Programme and NBM. CFC has an

impregnation chamber, wood cutting machines and all other infrastructure that is

needed for producing bamboo furniture. Wastage from bamboo is utilised for

making charcoal. CFC takes up turnkey projects (as establishing bamboo houses for

Garhwal Mandal Vikas Nigam for tourists) and has an annual turnover of ` 1crore. Uttarakhand plans to establish one more CFC in Rishikesh. CFC has master trainers

and till now it has given training to 400 individuals. It has generated regular as well

as seasonal employment for the residents of nearby villages.

e) Chhattisgarh – Bamboo processing centres have been established in Ninbirra

(Korba) and Amgaon (East Sarguja). Out of the estimated ` 45 lakh to start a centre, ` 15 lakh is provided by NBM and ` 30 lakh by district collector’s fund which is yet to be fully operational.

Infrastructure for post harvest management is an essentiality if bamboo cultivation as an

industry has to develop. Nagaland and Uttarakhand have done good jobs, which can be

replicated by other states. In these two states, dedicated agencies with the mandate as

bamboo development – NBDA and UBFB – have been coordinating NBM implementation.

Thus, an obvious interest is seen. The situation in other states is not that promising. The

funds released under this component too have been very low (table 3.4.2.11, chapter 3). It

is necessary that industrial development departments should come forward to initiate

development with respect to infrastructure development for bamboo processing.


4.10 Initiatives for Handicraft Promotion

In order to provide and increase employment opportunities, various mechanisms to

support individual artisans and groups have been developed state wise. The details are as

follows‐

a) Arunachal Pradesh – Department of Textiles and Handicrafts is the nodal agency

which organises trainings and supports artisans through various schemes. The

Department organises regular fairs at district level where handicrafts are sold.

b) Assam ‐ Training programme was organised at Silchar by Cachar FDA. The results of

the training programme are yet to be seen in future.

c) Chhattisgarh –Bamboo Craft Training Centres in Amgaon, East Sarguja and Nonbirra

Artisan Centre have been set up. Different articles from bamboo are made such as

soopa, basket, chatai, mats, flower pots, mobile stand, sofa, tray, etc. Regular

trainings are provided in these centres, which have helped the artisans to make new

Nagaland ‐ Harbinger of Bamboo Entrepreneurship

Nagaland with an estimated 5% of the national bamboo growing stock offers untapped

opportunity for exploiting the available resource. NBDA has initiated a number of

activities both in the areas of bamboo resource development and bamboo enterprise

development. Establishment of new captive scientifically managed plantations in 18500

hectares area (as on 2009) to augment existing resources, can be seen as an initial step

towards developing 'bamboo industry' in the state. NBDA sees market development as

the driver for bamboo cultivation and thus, lays great stress on promoting bamboo

structural applications for various constructions.

Concurring with the declaration of 2010 as the Year of Entrepreneurs by the State, NBDA

has conducted sector specific and target oriented training and capacity building

programmes. The agency supports enterprising and viable handicraft units with the

minimal machine tools requirements by way of direct assistance as technologyup‐

gradation. NBDA has supported establishment of cluster‐based units for manufacturing

of bamboo mats, charcoal and incense sticks. Micro primary processing units too are

being established that produce input resources as split bamboo for strip, sliver for mats,

flat poles and handicrafts. The processed semi‐finished products are supplied to other

secondary bamboo processing units. These initiatives ensure promotion of rural

enterprise, income and employment generation, supply of cost‐effective and quality raw

material for secondary units and effective linkage of farm and industry.


articles. Forest Department has fully supported the SHGs in terms of materials as

well as financially.

d) Mizoram – Exposure visit and exhibitions have been organised.

e) Odisha – Artisans are sent for handicraft and design development trainings at CBTC,

Guwahati and KONBAC, Goa. Artisans are also encouraged to participate in District,

State and National level exhibitions/ trade fairs and thus, a regular promotion of

bamboo handicrafts is ensured. FDAs also promote formation of SHGs and Artisans’

Cooperatives with the assistance of revolving fund. CFCs have been established to

provide primary processing machineries.

An exclusive Bamboo Handicraft Retail Outlet has been opened at Handicraft

Bazaar, Bhubaneswar to provide round the year marketing facility. It is to be noted

that bamboo handicrafts have been exempted from taxation to provide a feasible

environment for marketing.

f) Uttarakhand – There is a focus on new design development, so regular workshops

are organised with consultant designer. Trainings are provided on handicraft making

which are high in demand. FDAs have made initiatives for ensuring backward and

forwarded linkages with the cooperatives of artisans. Artisans are trained at CFC,

Kotdwara.

Bamboo handicrafts have a niche but limited market. Unless the marketing mechanisms are

in place, it is tough to derive benefits from this activity. No data is available to show the

number of individuals joining the trainings of handicraft making. The marketing angle

suffers because of the low funds allocation. There should be regular advertisements in

dailies and magazines published on aspects of home decoration and household furniture.

Advantages of bamboo products as eco‐friendly products should be propagated at various

platforms. A continuous and sustained marketing campaign is essential to increase the sale

of bamboo handicrafts and other items of utility. ‘Productising’ bamboo is still a dream in

states like Jharkhand and Maharashtra as no activity pertaining to this is seen in these

states. BTSG, Dehradun does not have an expert on handicraft and marketing and hence, it

has no technical role. Majority of the artisans and individuals upon interaction were of the

view that they have not yet utilised full benefit of the provisions made for them under NBM

and accordingly, they wished that the programme continues for 10‐15 years as that will

help in adequacy of desired stock and with financial support from NBM, they will be able to

sustain.


Figure: Toys made of Bamboo (NBDA, Nagaland)

4.11 Bamboo Retail/Wholesale Markets, Bamboo Bazaar, Retail Showrooms

There is no organised retail system in bamboo handicrafts and products selling. NBM

envisages that retail/wholesale markets will be set up where the primary producers

(farmers) will sell their produce. These markets can be set up and maintained by the

community themselves or in partnership with the State Governments. The State Marketing

Boards can also take up this activity. The total cost of one such market has been estimated

at ` 16 lakh. Assistance will be provided to the extent of 25% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 4 lakh for general areas and 33.33% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 5.33 lakh for Hilly/Tribal area.

This has yet to take shape. Farmers are selling their produce in local, nearby markets only.

The production in many districts is not sufficient to enable the establishment of a full‐

fledged market.

Establishment of bamboo bazaar is now taking place in Nagaland (Dimapur) and in Odisha.

NBDA houses a retail shop that is being frequented by tourists and local customers. Villages

of Nagaland suffer from poor roads. Villagers demand for “bamboo roads” so that they can

take their produce as well as handicrafts to nearest city.


In Raipur (Chhattisgarh), bamboo emporium was established in the year 2010. This store

has made a sale of ` 113000 till June 2011. Products are also sold in Delhi (Dilli Haat) as well as state level fairs and local melas. But this is small duration event.

Figure: Bamboo Retail Emporium in Chhattisgarh

A bamboo bazaar has been established in Nagaon in Assam. The bamboo bazaar is centrally

located in the city area and attracts a large number of visitors. The initiative is yet to take

shape to be fully operational.

Refining Bamboo, Improving Lives

Chhattisgarh forest department sees bamboo processing as a key employment generating

activity in the tribal areas of the state. Supported by NBM, the department has successfully

established bamboo handicrafts making units in tribal belt inhabited by Bansod, Kamar,

Birhor, Pando, Baiga and Pahadi communities. This new avenue that offers decent income

to otherwise unemployed individuals has raised economic status of the families. The

department has also opened various Bamboo Processing Centers to ensure regular

employment. In order to institutionalise bamboo processing activity, artisans groups are

being strengthened through providing trainings and establishing marketing linkages for the

finished products. By 2009, 27 Processing Centres have been established.

Artisans of Chhattisgarh participate in various exhibitions. This has not only served them as

a tool to market their products and capabilities but has also exposed them to various other

techniques and designs. Artisans put up their stalls in Dilli Haat (New Delhi), Kerala Bamboo

Fest, Trade Fair, National Malabar Craft Fare, Chhattisgarh Craft Fare, Cosmo Travel and

Tourism Fare, etc. Artisans have been awarded second prize at National Malabar Craft Fare

2008, for their beautiful and fine creations out of bamboo.


The initiative could not pick up as a result of low cost norms. The total cost of one such

bazaar has been estimated at ` 27 lakh, which is too low in the current scenario. Depending on proposals received from Development Commissioner (Handicrafts) [DC (H)] and other

organisations, assistance is provided to the extent of 25% of the cost, subject to a maximum

of ` 6.75 lakh for general areas and 33.33% of the cost, subject to a maximum of ` 9 lakh for Hilly/Tribal area. This too is very low and has not incited interest of any private

entrepreneur. At least 50% assistance is what people look for in case of big investments.

4.12 Major Problems in Handicraft Promotion

To see bamboo handicrafts picking up, there are certain areas according to the states which

are to be taken care of. Below are a few problems that have been expressed by one state or

the other but they seem to be addressed across all the states.

Table: Marketing Problems in Handicrafts

States Major Problems Suggestions

Assam Problem of market facilities and uncertain net income

There should be value addition unit set up for promotion of handicrafts

Nagaland Design inputs missing

Less market accessibility

Unorganised sector with no defined supply chain

Lack of quality control

Lack of implements and tools

More implements and tools to be provided, more R & D facility to be put up

Odisha Availability of cheaper alternatives in the market, such as plastic products

No specific provision for skill up gradation training of artisans. Insufficient provisions for extension activities

Non‐availability of chemicals for treatment of bamboo in nearby markets

Non‐acceptability of the handicrafts and the high cost thereof

Non‐availability of sufficient bazaar facilities

Like farmers & field functionaries, there should be a provision for similar training for artisans as well @ ` 10,000 per artisan for a training of 45 days duration; this amount even includes wage compensation and revolving funds as well for the participants

Uttarakhand VAT is too high

Lack of information about

Bamboo handicraft should be exempted from VAT. More media campaigns and


States Major Problems Suggestions

handicraft fair/exhibition at national and international level.

Accommodation and transportation of rural artisans is again a problem in participation

Low level of awareness

advertisements.

4.13 Beneficiary Analysis

The Mission aims at reaching out to the least privileged sections of the society including the

small and marginal farmers, SC, ST and OBC communities with benefits of the scheme

through nursery growing, bamboo plantation, handicraft activities, etc. A detailed analysis

of plantation beneficiaries is given below.

4.13.1. Social Category

As the target of the Mission is to make bamboo cultivation another source of generating

livelihoods for the marginal communities, state achievements in this regard have been

promising. As per the details given in the following table, the Mission has been able to

reach to around 60% of SCs and STs in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra whereas the same has

covered a good number of OBCs in Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. Since North Eastern states

are tribal states, 100% beneficiaries are STs.

Table: Social Category (%age of total beneficiaries)

States SC ST OBC General

Arunachal Pradesh

East Siang 0 100 0 0

West Siang 0 100 0 0

Assam

Cachar 48 17 13 22

Nagaon 15 20 40 25

Chhattisgarh

Korba 2 70 28 0

Sarguja 2 70 28 0

Jharkhand

Chatra 7 4 11 76

Hazaribagh 16 2 47 35

Maharashtra

Chandrapur 50 0 50 0


States SC ST OBC General

Yavatmal 90 0 10 0

Mizoram

Mamit 0 100 0 0

Aizwal 0 100 0 0

Nagaland

Dimapur 0 100 0 0

Mokokchung 0 100 0 0

Odisha

Bolangir 22 18 0 60

Mayurbhanj 23 17 0 60

Uttarakhand

Pauri 15 15 0 70

U S Nagar 0 0 30 70

There are different methods in different states to identify beneficiaries. Whereas in

Chhattisgarh, assistance is provided to whosoever is willing to plant, in Arunachal Pradesh

(Aalo sub‐division of West Siang), beneficiaries’ applications are scrutinised by the village

Panchayat and are forwarded to District Horticulture Officer (DHO), which takes care of

plantation on private individual land.

The objective of taking bamboo cultivation to marginal communities has been largely

fulfilled but there still is a need for a mechanism to identify a beneficiary so to ensure that

benefits reach to the needy.

4.13.2. Farmer’s Category

It is seen in Arunachal Pradesh that the benefits have reached to medium and large farmers

only, highest being 70% in East Siang. In Chhattisgarh, majority of the beneficiaries are

marginal farmers. In Uttarakhand, large farmers are the only beneficiaries on non‐forest

lands and Maharashtra too has large percentage of large farmers getting the benefits.

Table: Farmer’s Category (%age of beneficiaries)

States Marginal Farmers(<1.5 ha.)

Small Farmers (1.5 ha‐4 ha.)

Large Farmers (>4 ha.)

Arunachal Pradesh

East Siang 0 30 70

West Siang 0 100 0

Assam

Cachar 45 35 10

Nagaon 45 45 10

Chhattisgarh

Korba 100 0 0

Sarguja 90 10 0


States Marginal Farmers(<1.5 ha.)

Small Farmers (1.5 ha‐4 ha.)

Large Farmers (>4 ha.)

Jharkhand

Chatra 45 25 30

Hazaribagh 35 40 25

Maharashtra

Chandrapur 0 80 20

Yavatmal 0 0 100

Mizoram

Mamit 70 30 0

Aizwal 70 30 0

Nagaland

Dimapur 65 35 0

Mokokchung 60 40 0

Odisha

Bolangir 50 50 0

Mayurbhanj 60 40 0

Uttarakhand

Pauri 65 35 0

U S Nagar 0 0 100

Due to lack of awareness and limited access to government offices, only limited number of

farmers could take the benefit of NBM. During focused group discussions and interactions

with the farmers, it came out that small and marginal farmers do not want to plant

bamboo; they prefer to work on field/food crops. Short gestation period and immediate

marketability of food crops are the prime reasons for this. On the other hand, large farmers

have land to spare and thus, have gone for bamboo plantations. Some have done it on their

barren lands while others as boundary plantations. However, majority of the farmers were

of the opinion that there is vast scope for bringing additional area as there are ample of

wastelands on which bamboo cultivation can be taken. Owing to time constraint, they were

not able to take full advantage of the programme.

4.13.3. Other beneficiaries

Under NBM, State Level Agencies have been entrusted the job of roping in Farmers’

Societies, NGOs, SHGs and similar entities for implementation of the Mission’s programmes

in the state. In forest areas, mainly JFMCs, Village Bamboo Development Committees

(VBDCs), Village Forest Management Committees (VFMCs) have been identified as

beneficiaries. These are registered (under either Societies Act or with Village Panchayats)

groups with members ranging from around 7 to 21 with varied constitutions comprising of

female members, head of local religious body, individuals from forest department,

panchayat head, etc.


As per the data collected, in Nagaland, 100% beneficiaries are the VBDCs or in some cases,

Churches are the beneficiaries. A typical constitution of VBDC is 4 farmers, 2 youths (aged

between 20 to 30 years), 1 Pastor, 2 women and 2 village council members.

In Uttarakhand also, plantation in forest areas has been taken up fully (100%) by VFMCs. In

East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, 100% forest area has been planted by VFMCs. The

case is similar to that in Pauri district of Uttarakhand. Only one SHG is the beneficiary in

Dimapur. Total number of SHGs and artisans group is very low as compared to

groups/societies – just 0.4% and 2% respectively.

There is a need for coordination between the Department of Industries and/or Department

of Handicrafts and BDA. This would help in bridging the communication gap which has

resulted in low awareness about Bamboo Mission among artisans and other similar

agencies.

4.14 Capacity Building

Stakeholders’ sensitisation, orientation and capacity building is an integral part of the

Mission. Appropriate training was supposed to be imparted to the farmers for the adoption

of scientific measures (farming and post harvest management) for high yield plantations of

bamboo and harvesting of shoots.

Trainings have been imparted to resources persons (field functionaries/trainers) and

beneficiaries at different times. As per the table give below, besides basics of plantation

and nursery raising, trainings have been conducted on value addition, post harvest

management, handicrafts (basket making) and species selection. Resource agency for the

trainings have been private bodies such as Nagaon Paper Mill and Arunachal Plywood

Industries Ltd (APIL) in Arunachal Pradesh, Ganesh Craft Centre in Chhattisgarh, along with

R&D institutes, SAUs, Forest Department and regional BTSGs. Since bamboo has not been

harvested in any of the states, trainings have focused on plantation, planting material

production and pre‐harvest management. The initiatives in this regard taken in

Uttarakhand, Nagaland and Odisha seem to be of better quality as compared to others

states.

Table: Training Programmes Organised

States Major Topics Covered Resource Agency

Arunachal Pradesh Nursery raising, bamboo based industries

Nagaon Paper Mill, tissue culture lab, Amingaon bamboo industries, CBTC, Byrnihat Bamboo Industry, Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK), Chessa and APIL, Namsai


States Major Topics Covered Resource Agency

Assam Propagation and commercial cultivation of bamboo

FDA

Chhattisgarh Bamboo plantation and making of bamboo products

Ganesh Craft Creation, Nagpur

Jharkhand a) Nursery & plantation techniques b) Value addition of bamboo c) Backward & forward market linkage

CBTC, Assam & Birsa Agril. Univ (BAU)

Mizoram Bamboo nursery and plantation techniques, pests management, handicrafts etc.

Forest Department Industry Department Bamboo Dev. Agency Individual experts

Nagaland Training on bamboo nursery, bamboo plantation, management, Post harvest management

NBDA

Odisha a) Capacity building programme on Bamboo Technology for Forest Officials

b) Priority species, Resource estimation, Plantation Development, Post‐harvest technology & Socio‐economic Livelihood potential of Bamboo

c) Capacity building programme on Bamboo Technology for Forest Officials

a) OFRC, Angul & respective Divisional headquarters

b) KFRI, Peechi, Kerala c) CBTC, Guwahati, Assam

Uttarakhand Propagation techniques, plantation techniques, management of nursery, management of plantation, importance of species. Selection of species, utilization and value addition. Bamboo Handicraft Bamboo Fruit basket development

Uttarakhand Bamboo & Fiber Development Board, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun. Uttarakhand Forest Department, G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology‐Pantnagar

During interaction with the beneficiaries, it was found that the trainings on plantation have

not been very informative since it consisted of basics lectures only. Farmers have always

been interested in lectures that inform them about raising their incomes. Handicraft


trainings have been irregular and of short duration. It is to be noted that course content has

been customised according to regional and local needs. BTSGs do not have much role in

formulation of course content. It was found during the visit to FRI, Dehradun (which serves

as BTSG for 7 states) that lack of resource persons on Value Addition and Marketing makes

it impossible for the BTSG to take up these subjects for training. Low staff as a result of low

financial allocation makes organising the trainings a challenge. The cost norm on

participation in trainings (` 1520 per participant within the state and ` 2500 each outside the state of seven days for farmers and ` 8000 per participant for seven days) are no more

viable.

The initiatives lack strategic inputs with regard to capacity building of the stakeholders

involved or were expected to be involved in NBM. The approach adopted shows the initial

1‐2 times interventions with regard to sensitisation and orientation and organising

exposure visits but could not follow them up to a logical end. The approach did not follow

training needs assessment of the stakeholders, designing curriculum & training modules,

conducting training, etc. The individual and group beneficiaries lack technological,

managerial and institutional knowledge and skills with regard to pre‐harvesting and post

harvesting management.

4.15 Technology Transfer and Extension Activities

4.15.1. Extension and Communication

Information, Education and Communication (IEC) material such as manual, flyers that

mention status reports, success stories, etc. on awareness of bamboo species and its utility

was developed in most of the states. The concept of village meetings was followed in

Nagaland to sensitise the rural communities. In addition to other IEC activities, radio talk

was also organised for promotion of bamboo plantation in the state.

The literature developed and published by different state bamboo development agencies

include Banas Ropan Evam Upyogita (Bamboo Plantation and Utility) in Hindi – by FRI,

Dehradun in Uttarakhand; Infomag (monthly magazine by NBDA) in Nagaland and two fliers

in Hindi – one at the time of inauguration of bamboo emporium in Raipur and the other

one on existing schemes for artisans in Chhattisgarh. The handbook on Bamboos of

Arunachal Pradesh, Bamboo Nursery and Commercially Important Bamboo Species of

Arunachal Pradesh was developed in the state under the publications by SFRI, Itanagar.

The Radio Talk initiative of Uttarakhand sets a benchmark which others may follow. In

Nagaland, publications of NBDA supplement NBM in promoting bamboo cultivation.

Regular publications and promotions (print and radio ads) that aid to build ‘bamboo

culture’ needs to be taken up in future in all the states.


4.15.2. Technology Transfer

The Mission intended for speedy transfer of technology across the states so as to achieve

its goal in a time bound manner. As an outcome of interaction with different stakeholders

in the studied states, 40% of states feel satisfied with the way technology transfer is taking

place whereas 60% are not satisfied. Most of the respondents feel that more thrust should

be given on extension and trainings, that too on a regular basis.

As perceived by the project level officials in Arunachal Pradesh, the genuine private

entrepreneur and NGOs need to be involved as they can enhance community participation

in transfer of technology at the field level in a better way. The officials and other

stakeholders in Assam suggest on integrated package of capacity building along with

intensive follow up and feedback mechanism. They also suggest that transfer of technology

should be in‐built in the programme itself. The stakeholders’ perceptions on speedy

transfer of technology in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Mizoram, Nagaland, Maharashtra focus

on intensive training, exposure and extension activities.

According to the officials in Uttarakhand and Odisha, there is a felt need for first hand

exposure and live demonstration of technologies. There should be more trainings and

seminars. Exposure visits should be organised for the employees working in the

development of bamboo sector in the state. The states also demand for more front line

demonstration, workshops for field functionaries and other capacity building programmes.

4.16 Bamboo Technical Support Group (BTSG)

The major responsibilities of BTSGs under NBM include periodic guidance/inputs to

implementation agencies on policy issues, organisational aspects, appropriate species of

bamboo suited to the region or end user, organising regional workshops on

plantation/handicraft and bamboo marketing/exports, conducting studies on different

aspects of bamboo, assisting the States in capacity building programmes, undertaking

publicity campaigns to promote the Mission objectives, documentation and dissemination

of case studies/success stories and developing network with various stakeholders and

Institutes/Organisations/Agencies, both in India and abroad. It was also expected that with

each BTSG, minimum three (3) experts having experience in bamboo plantation, handicrafts

and marketing will be engaged.

The details in the following table indicate that CBTC has taken initiatives with regard to

certification of bamboo nurseries, developing training and publicity campaign material,

organising international seminar, participation in domestic and international trade fairs,

whereas ICFRE conducted training programmes for the field functionaries and the

beneficiaries.


BTSG’s Initiatives

BTSG States

Covered

Initiatives

Cane and

Bamboo

Technology

Center (CBTC),

Guwahati

Arunachal

Pradesh,

Assam,

Mizoram,

Nagaland,

Odisha,

Jharkhand

Certification of Bamboo Nurseries developed

under NBM

Training Manual Design & Printing

Centralised Publicity Campaign (news paper

advertisements, magazines, electronic media)

Organising International Level Seminars (15‐17

April, 2008, PUSA, Delhi; also Bamboo Expo)

Exposure and Educational Trip to “Bamboo

Developed Countries”

Participation in Domestic and International Trade

Fairs

Model Bamboo Handicraft units

Model Bamboo Cluster Development

Indian Council

of Forestry

Research and

Education

(ICFRE),

Dehradun

Uttarakhand

Chhattisgarh

Train farmers and field functionaries (employees of

Horticulture and Forest departments); 28 trainings have

been conducted since inception

The field level functionaries and the state officials feel that BTSGs role was limited to

participation in initial trainings only. They also find some contribution in developing

manuals. However, most of the respondents across the states are not satisfied with BTSGs

inputs. However, CBTC feels that the implementing agencies have their own decision in

terms of species selection, plantation, etc. ICFRE should improve their training on aspects of

handicraft and marketing and hire domain experts. The funding for participation is too low

and it does not encourage BTSG to organise seminars or workshops. While having

interacted with BTSG, beneficiaries and field functionaries, it was found that there exists

disconnect between the needs of the field and the deliveries of BTSG.

4.17 Research and Development

NBM envisaged that research and development will concentrate on technology generation

as appropriate to each region/state keeping in view their specific agro‐climatic and socio‐

economic conditions. Emphasis will be on effective documentation/transfer and

dissemination of technologies available in India and abroad. Four institutions were visited

and their research initiatives were enumerated. There is common focus on developing agro‐


forestry models in all the R & D institutes. Bamboo planted as an agro‐forestry crop is a

much economically viable proposition rather than just its lone plantation.

Research projects under NBM at four R&D centres are enumerated as below –

A. Forest Research Institute, Dehradun

Title of the project: Bamboo Improvement for Rural and Tribal Communities: Integrating

Recent Technologies

Objectives: The objectives of the project were –

(i) to establish two bambusetum – one at an altitude of about 600ft for hill

bamboos and another in Dehradun for Dendrocalamaus strictus,

(ii) to establish bamboo clonal nursery at FRI, Dehradun and,

(iii) to impart training to field functionaries

Outcomes: The key deliverables of the project were as follows ‐

(i) Bamboo species were grown through various vegetative propagation

techniques

(ii) Preparation of clonal material of D.strictus and its distribution

(iii) The clonally multiplied ramets (plants) of D.strictus have been prepared in

the Shatabdi Van Vigyan Kendra, FRI, City Centre, Dehradun. These plants

were taken to six states under FRI's jurisdiction, i.e., Delhi, Haryana,

Chandigarh, Punjab, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Hundred plants of

D.strictus were distributed to above mentioned states for field planting.

(iv) Various species planted in bambusetum are

Sinarundinaria falcata, Thamnocalamus falconeri, S. anceps,

T. spathiflorus, S. maling, Chinomonobambusa callosa, Phyllostachys

mannnii, Ochlandra travancorica, Pseudosasa japonica, Dendrocalamus

patellaris, Phyllostachys auruea, P. pubescens, Bambusa mulliplex.

The germ plasm of these species were distributed to farmers of U.P.,

Uttarakhand and Punjab

B. State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar

Title of the project: Studies on Crop Diversity, Growth, Productivity and Biomass on

Bamboo based Traditional Home Gardens of Different Agro‐Climatic Zones of Arunachal

Pradesh

Objectives: The key objectives of the project were‐

(i) study of diverse species of bamboo, their productivity and marketing status


(ii) analyse the importance of various species in terms of their contribution to

bio‐diversity and end‐use

(iii) biomass estimation

Outcomes: As a result of the research, twenty seven (27) new species of bamboo were

recorded for the state.

Apart from the above project, SFRI carries out research on development of agro‐

forestry system with upland rice.

C. Rain Forest Research Institute (RFRI), Jorhat

Title: Development of Bamboo‐based agro‐forestry models

Objective: In order to have additional short duration crop from bamboo fields and to utilise

the space, agro‐forestry models were being developed. The project was of three years and

it started in the year 2008. 12 trials were set up in areas of Assam, Nagaland and Arunachal

Pradesh. Various combinations of B. tulda, B. balcooa, B. nutans and D. hamiltonii with

assam lemon, aricanut,orange, kiwi, ginger and vegetables were tried.

Outcomes: The key finding of the project was that French bean, maize and king chilli can

grow very well with B. tulda and farmers can go for this agro‐forestry system. No paper has

been published on this research. Project Completion Report (PCR) is being made.

The problems identified in the research were that agriculture land is not made available;

farmers are not interested to give their lands. Weeds are also a major problem.

Another area of research at RFRI is Clump Management. Under this project, researchers are

working on developing techniques of clump management, which enables good growth of

the culms.

D. Indira Gandhi Agriculture University (IGAU), Raipur

Title: Bamboo based agro‐forestry model at various level in different agro‐climatic zones

Outcomes: Developed agro‐forestry models ‐

(i) Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) + agricultural crops viz; paddy and

soybean in rainy season (Kharif) followed by wheat, linseed and mustard in

winter season (Rabi) with tuber crop of turmeric based agro‐forestry model

is established and being studied and documented in the reports.

(ii) Bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa nutans, B.vulgaris &

b. bambos) + pasture crops viz; grasses and range legume (Stylosanthes


hamata) based silvipasture model is established and being studied and

documented in the reports.

Another research aspect is standardisation of harvesting and sustainable management

practices. In agro‐forestry system; mature, uneven and dead bamboo culms are harvested

in summer before rainy season crop; and while drooping, uneven and dead culms are

suggested to be harvested in October or before winter crop as a part of crop management.

The research focus has been very much keeping in mind the growers’ interest. Developing

economically viable plantation is the need and R & D institutions are taking care of that.

Bamboo Based Wasteland Development and Development of Low Cost Post Harvest

Technologies are two areas that need more research.

The major constraints experienced in implementation of R & D project is that the

contingency amount is very less because agro‐forestry system requires much labour to be

put in for intensive management of woody species and agriculture crop. Timely release of

funds is also needed.

As a feedback from the institutes, budget of the scheme should be exceeded. Salary/ wages

of supporting staff, that is, Research Associate/Research scholars/Technical Assistant etc. of

the scheme should have been linked with UGC pattern (as opted ICAR/CSRI/DBT and they

supplemented the enhanced salary) so that trained staff could stay in the project.

4.18 Administrative and Technical Setup

The administrative and technical structure of NBM ‐ ranging from the National Level Apex

Committee to Panchayat and JFMC (refer figure below) ‐ is an ideal set up to be rested with

the responsibility of implementation of this nature. At all levels, NBM seeks deployment of

experts of Departments of Forests, Agriculture, Horticulture, Rural Development,

Panchayati Raj, Commerce, Science and Technology, Small Scale Industries, etc. in various

capacities. Whereas in Forest Areas, NBM is taken care of by Forest Department; in non‐

Forest areas Department of Horticulture is the nodal agency in most of the states. NBM

seeks to cover the bamboo plantation holistically and vouches for its integration with

existing schemes of employment generation and poverty reduction. It is seen that in non‐

forest areas, District Level Agency (under BDA in each state) comprises of officials from

Agriculture/Horticulture, Forest, Rural Development and other line departments. The

District Horticulture Officer works in close coordination with Forest Development Agency in

each district. In many cases, the sources of planting material for non‐forest areas are the

nurseries of forest departments. Instances of such integration were seen in districts of

Chhattisgarh and Nagaland. It is to be noted that in East Siang district, Panchayats work in

close coordination with DHO in identifying the beneficiaries for (non‐forest areas). The


application of assistance under NBM is vetted by the Panchayat and then forwarded to

DHO.

The structure suffers a setback for the prime reason of lack of staff. The number of

designated nodal officers for NBM in Uttarakhand is only two. In Arunachal Pradesh, it is

only one. The situation leads to under‐coverage of various aspects of the scheme and

ineffective implementation and thereby monitoring.

The set‐up demands a decent degree of coordination among various agencies. NBM is yet

to establish itself in line departments and those agencies that may serve to develop

bamboo plantation as an industry, key among whom is Small Scale Industries Department.

Though there are few instances wherein Handicrafts Promotion Board (in Uttarakhand) and

Industries Department have pitched in to contribute to NBM, such initiatives are low in

number.


Indicative Structure of NBM

National Steering Committee on Bamboo To be headed by Secretary, DAC

Secretaries of Line Departments concerned with bamboo to be Members

Experts as Members in the field of production, processing, marketing‐value

added products

Mission Director to be the Member Secretary

National Level Apex Committee To be headed by Minister, Agriculture

Minister, Forests, Textiles, Science & Technology, Commerce, Rural

Development, Panchayati Raj, DONER, Urban Development & Poverty Alleviation

and Small Scale Industries to be Members.

Concerned Ministers of select States to be Members

Member (Environment and Forests), Planning Commission to be Member

Experts as Members in the field of production, processing, marketing‐value

added products

Mission Director

National Bamboo Cell Mission Director for Bamboo Development Support Staff

Bamboo Technical Support Group

State Bamboo Steering Committee Headed by Secretary, Environment & Forest/Agriculture/Horticulture Director, Environment & Forests/Agriculture/Horticulture to be the Member Secretary

Bamboo Development Agency Director, E&F/Agriculture/Horticulture to be the Mission Director

Forest Development Agency Will implement in Forest/Non‐forest areas at the District level

Activity SHG Groups

Federation/District Bamboo Development Agency (BDA)

Joint Forest Management Committee (JFMC)

Panchayat


CHAPTER‐5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Following are the major conclusions and recommendations that may be considered for

taking mid‐course correction.

5.1 Planting Material

5.1.1 Peoples’ Involvement

The major focus has been laid on Centralised Nurseries promoted by BDAs to meet the

demand of planting material. This has marginalised the involvement of local people (Mahila

and Kisan) in raising nurseries. The approach on the one hand, narrows the scope for

developing local skills and entrepreneurship and on the other, reduces the chances of

improving livelihood opportunities of the target communities. Therefore, it is

recommended that more number of local people should be involved in raising nurseries by

equipping them with technical know‐how and improving their entrepreneurial skills,

modifying cost norms and developing effective quality control mechanism.

5.1.2 Tissue Culture (TC)

TC saplings have been found superior in terms of growth but because of the higher prices of

the same, there is inadequate demand for these saplings. Even the awareness level of the

superiority of these saplings is less. Therefore it is recommended that:

a) The training programmes should focus on the superiority of TC saplings.

b) Existing TC units should be adapted for raising bamboo saplings under NBM funding.

c) One TC unit set up in Guwahati (Assam) must be operationalised as early as

possible.

5.2 Bamboo Plantation and Management

5.2.1 Plantation

BDAs in all the states have done excellent work with regard to bamboo plantation on forest

lands through JFMCs and other village level institutions. However, the plantation on private

lands has been marginalised in most of the states. Therefore, it is recommended that:

Demonstrations on different agro‐forestry models, superiority of plantations raised with

tissue cultured saplings, micro‐irrigation applications and dissemination of success stories

could be the ways of inciting interest of private land owners to bamboo cultivation. It is also

recommended that each state should have a ‘model plantation’ of 10‐12 ha that is raised

and tended under standardised modern package of practices for bamboo cultivation


including micro‐irrigation and fertigation systems. A ‘model nursery’ also may be

established on similar lines.

5.2.2 Survival Rate

No major pest attack/diseases have been observed in plantation areas across the studied

states. The survival rate has been better in north‐eastern states as compared to the others.

Survival norm of 90% is too high given that no assistance for fencing is provided under

NBM. It is recommended that 75% may be taken as threshold survival percentage for the

funds to be released for maintenance in the second year.

5.3 Post Harvest Management

Post Harvest Management (PHM) is a wide subject involving treatment, processing, grading,

storage and marketing. Towards these activities, NBM has funded some treatment plants

and CFCs in states like Assam, Nagaland and Chhattisgarh. CFCs are showing encouraging

results and it is recommended that more such units be established under the Mission.

5.4 Handicrafts Promotion

NBM has made efforts at improving the quality of bamboo handicrafts and other produce in

states like Chhattisgarh and Assam. Bamboo handicrafts have a global market but the

design and quality must be of international level. Design and workmanship need to be

improved significantly to be acceptable globally. Effort is required to be made for attaining

those levels through improved training and institutional collaboration.

5.5 Marketing

The project emphasises on promotion of market for bamboo and bamboo products through

various interventions such as establishing bamboo bazaars, bamboo outlets, establishing

linkages by participating in national and international trade fairs, etc.

An initial beginning has been made in some of the states such as Uttarakhand, Assam,

Chhattisgarh, Nagaland and Mizoram. Outlets set up under the Mission are not working at

their optimum level. It is recommended to consider running of bamboo bazaars/bamboo

outlets on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode.

5.6 Capacity Building

The project has been able to initiate process of capacity building of stakeholders, especially

to sensitise and orient them on various aspects of the programme. The project should

develop a follow up mechanism to ensure percolation of information, knowledge and skills.


5.7 Technology Transfer

One of the major responsibilities of Research and Development institutions was to develop

knowledge on various aspects of bamboo cultivation, creating agro‐forestry and other

models involving farming community and transfer the technologies to the end users.

It is recommended that the results of R & D initiative under the Mission may be taken to

farmers and other growers to optimise their benefits. NBM may review the plans pertaining

to technology transfer to strategise more practical approach.

5.8 Financial Norms

Financial norms set six years ago have become less relevant because of significant increase

in wage level and rise in the cost of other inputs like polythene bags, manures and

fertilisers, transportation, etc.

NBM may think of revising the rates for effective implementation of the planned strategies.

5.9 Bamboo Technology Support Groups (BTSGs)

Three BTSGs have been established under the Mission. The key roles of a BTSG are –

a) Guidance on policy, organisational and technical matters to the concerned state

b) Recommendation on species to be adopted

c) Assistance in capacity building programmes

d) Undertake publicity campaigns

e) Documentation and dissemination of success stories

f) Network with various stakeholders and institutes/organisations/agencies, both in

India and abroad.

A total amount of ` 5.85 crore has been released to BTSGs during the period 2006‐2011 (Table 3.4.2.22). BTSGs have, from time to time, been resourceful to

implementing agencies with their technical and support services. But for various reasons,

the deliveries from them have not been regular.

NBM needs to develop mechanism for better coordination amongst them. Capacities of

BTSGs should be upgraded and improved by enabling them to employ competent

consultants. BTSGs should be monitored more frequently and closely. Also, there should be

coordination and synergy among the three BTSGs for optimum results.


5.10 Research and Development

R & D projects funded by NBM match the priorities set by the Mission. However, R & D

activities should also address to problems related to promotion of bamboo cultivation in

the area including economic and social issues.

5.11 Convergence with other Programmes

A number of watershed development programmes are being implemented to enhance

productivity of rain‐fed areas through National Rain‐fed Areas Development Authority,

NABARD, etc. The programme involves large scale plantation activities including Bamboo.

There is a need to establish linkages of NBM programme with watershed development

programmes across the country.

5.12 Model Creation through Cluster Approach

NBM programme emphasises on cluster approach but the same needs to be taken up

significantly during the XI Five Year Plan and onwards.

The concept of identification of potential clusters (compact unit), plantation of bamboo on

large scale, application of scientific inputs, promotion and strengthening of farmer

groups/institutions may lead to collective production, processing and marketing of bamboo

and its by‐products. The models thus created may be taken up for up‐scaling of the

programme across the county.

***


Annexure‐1

Sample Size covered under the Study

States Individual Plantation Group Plantation Artisan Group Type of Groups

Total Sample Total Sample Members (FGD) Total Sample

Arunachal Pradesh

East Siang 259 26 3 1 17 ‐ ‐ Village Forest Management Committee West Siang 368 38 3 1 30 ‐ ‐

Assam

Cachar ‐ ‐ 1 1 35 ‐ ‐ Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMC) Nagaon ‐ ‐ 1 1 46 ‐ ‐

Chattisgarh

Korba ‐ ‐ 18 2 41 3 1 Self‐help Groups (SHGs)

Sarguja 1537 159 ‐ ‐ ‐ 1 1

Jharkhand

Chatra ‐ ‐ 9 2 23 ‐ ‐ Gram Van Prabandhan Evam Sarankshan Samiti Hazaribagh ‐ ‐ 6 2 31 ‐ ‐

Maharashtra

Chandrapur 67 7 7 1 26 ‐ ‐ Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMC) Yavatmal 33 3 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐

Mizoram

Mamit ‐ ‐ 9 1 32 1 1 Bamboo Development Committees Aizwal ‐ ‐ 7 1 27 1 1

Nagaland

Dimapur ‐ ‐ 13 2 43 3 1 Village Bamboo Development Committees Mokokchung ‐ ‐ 7 1 19 2 1


States Individual Plantation Group Plantation Artisan Group Type of Groups

Total Sample Total Sample Members (FGD) Total Sample

Odisha

Bolangir 25 5 2 1 4 1 1 Self‐help Groups (SHGs)

Mayurbhanj 183 6 6 1 16 3 1

Uttarakhand

Pauri 47 5 45 5 37 ‐ ‐ Van Panchayats

U S Nagar 214 25 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐


Annexure‐2

List of Beneficiaries/Groups contacted during the Study

Sr. No. State/Beneficiary District Address

Arunachal Pradesh

Name of Beneficiary

1 Aging Moyong East Siang Village ‐ Sibo, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh

2 Ojing East Siang Village ‐ Mirsam, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh

3 Tamlen East Siang Village ‐ Lingka, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh

4 Tapir East Siang Village ‐ Sika tode, Dist.‐East Siang, Arunachal Pradesh

5 Mitin Osik East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)

Village‐ Tiagra, Dist‐ Pasighat

6 Smt Olek Mize East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)

Village‐ Mirluk, Dist‐ Pasighat

7 Kaling Ruklo East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)

Village‐ Kelek, Dist‐ Pasighat

8 Osan Moyong East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)

Village‐ Mirluk, Dist‐ Pasighat

9 Odu Taling East Siang Pasighat (Ruksin)

Village‐ Mongku Dist‐ Pasighat

10 James Moyong East Siang Village‐ Boying, Dist‐ Pasighat

11 Tahen Padu East Siang Village‐Rotte, Dist‐Pasighat

12 R' Koyu East Siang Village‐ Koyu, Dist‐Pasighat

13 Takang Mize East Siang Village‐ Pareng, Dist‐ Pasighat

14 Tatal Tapir East Siang Village‐ Riga, Dist‐ Pasighat

15 Tajir Tamin East Siang Village‐ Sitang, Dist‐Pasighat

16 Taro Tamut East Siang Village‐ Lilleng, Dist‐Pasighat

17 Tasar Tamut East Siang Village‐ Paneng, Dist‐ Pasighat



18 Tatar Siram East Siang Village‐ Sime, Dist‐ Pasighat

19 Tamiran Taki East Siang Village‐ Mobit, Dist‐ Pasighat

20 Nari Tamuk East Siang Village‐ Mobit, Dist‐ Pasighat

21 Joni Tayeng East Siang Village‐ Darne, Dist‐ Pasighat

22 Olik Megu East Siang Village‐Morguli, Dist‐ Pasighat

23 Smti Osu Tayeng East Siang Village‐ Ayeng, Dist‐ Pasighat

24 Tamol Tadeng East Siang Village‐ Boleng, Dist‐ Pasighat

25 Takar Tatak East Siang Village‐ Dosing, Dist‐ Pasighat

26 Tapum Mize East Siang Village‐ Rengo, Dist‐ Pasighat

27 Kiri Karbi West Siang Aalo Village‐ Kombo Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo

28 Dakum Doji West Siang Aalo Village‐ Doji Jelly, Dist ‐ West Siang Aalo

29 Imar Lollen West Siang Aalo Village‐ Kombo Jirdin Dist ‐ West Siang Aalo

30 Ipe Jini West Siang Aalo Village‐ Jini, Dist‐ West Siang Aalo

31 Rell ingo West Siang Aalo Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo

32 Dagyom Ango West Siang Aalo Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo

33 Jumli Ango West Siang Village‐ Biru, Dist West Siang Aalo

34 Mali Ango West Siang Village‐ Biru, Dist West Siang Aalo

35 Marto Naso West Siang Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo

36 Mijum Ango West Siang Village‐ Eyi, Dist West Siang Aalo

37 Gumjum Lollen West Siang Village‐ Paya, Dist West Siang Aalo

38 Marto Naso West Siang Village‐ Tadin, Dist West Siang Aalo

39 Smti Duda Lollen, ASM West Siang Village‐ Kombo‐ Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo



40 Smti Nayamar Lollen, ASM West Siang Village‐ Kombo‐ Tarsu, Dist West Siang Aalo

41 Sri Yomrak Sora West Siang Village‐ Taba Sora, Dist West Siang Aalo

42 Deki Sora West Siang Village‐ Taba Sora, Dist West Siang Aalo

43 Jumdo Ete West Siang Village‐ Kuju Pomse, Dist West Siang Aalo

44 Hengo Nyoraki West Siang Village‐ Nyorak, Dist West Siang Aalo

45 Paksen Nayorak West Siang Village‐ Nyorak, Dist West Siang Aalo

46 Marpe Doji West Siang Village‐ Darka, Dist West Siang Aalo

47 Smti Tori Riram West Siang Village‐Eshi‐Chiku, Dist West Siang Aalo

48 Smti Jumrik Riba West Siang Village‐ Daring, Dist West Siang Aalo

49 Smti Lilo Bam West Siang Village‐ Bam, Dist West Siang Aalo

50 Pekkar Basar West Siang Village‐Gori, Dist West Siang Aalo

51 Smti Chi Dirchi West Siang Village‐ Lchi, Dist West Siang Aalo

52 Tanom Yangi West Siang Village‐Sirum, Dist West Siang Aalo

53 Kotin Pangu West Siang Village‐ Sampeng, Dist West Siang Aalo

54 Tapak Taga West Siang Village‐ Bingung, Dist West Siang Aalo

55 Tanbag Talom West Siang Village‐ Jomlo, Dist West Siang Aalo

56 Tagin Mize West Siang Village‐ Jomlo Bari, Dist West Siang Aalo

57 Moken Nomuk West Siang Village‐ Nomuk, Dist West Siang Aalo

58 Tomsap Tato West Siang Village‐ Kaek, Dist West Siang Aalo

59 Kenjom Kamki West Siang Village‐ Dego Kamki, Dist West Siang Aalo

60 Pudek Lombi West Siang Village‐ Tirbin, Dist West Siang Aalo

61 Tumge Gadi West Siang Village‐ Doke, Dist West Siang Aalo



62 Smti Yayum Lombi West Siang Village‐ Kardo, Dist West Siang Aalo

63 Rikmo Taipodia West Siang Village‐ Lika, Dist West Siang Aalo

64 Marmik Riba West Siang Village‐ Pale, Dist West Siang Aalo

Assam

Name of Group

1 Cachar Joint Forest Management Committee

Cachar Forest Division

2 Nagaon Joint Forest Management Committee

Nagoan Forest Division

Chhattisgarh

Name of Beneficiary

1 Karn Singh Sarguja Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

2 Shiv Mangal Sarguja Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

3 Beera Ram Sarguja Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

4 Ram Lakhan Sarguja Village ‐ Sedhopara, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

5 Dilshyam Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

6 Kanshilal Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

7 Mukutdhari Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

8 Nandlal Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

9 Shivmangal Sarguja Village ‐ Durti, Block ‐ Pratappur, Dist.‐ Sarguja, Chhattisgarh

10 Bandhan Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja



11 Ram Lagan Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

12 Nanda Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

13 Santosh Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

14 Chander Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

15 Bandhani Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja

16 Smt Saloni Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja

17 Smt Shanti Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

18 Smt Guni Bai Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

19 Smt Runia Sarguja Village ‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

20 Babu Ram Sarguja Village ‐ Daridih, Dist – Sarguja

21 Vijay Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja

22 Avadh Kumar Sarguja Village ‐ Khairbar, Dist – Sarguja

23 Ram Bahir Sarguja Village ‐ Bhakura, Dist – Sarguja

24 Sadhan Sarguja Village ‐ Sasauli, Dist – Sarguja

25 Vikaram Singh Sarguja Village ‐ Jori, Dist – Sarguja

26 Manvari Sarguja Village ‐ Gahila, Dist – Sarguja

27 Rajju Ram Sarguja Village ‐ Maanpur, Dist – Sarguja

28 Sabit Lal Sarguja Village ‐ Maanpur, Dist – Sarguja

29 Muneshwar Sarguja Village ‐ Tendga, Dist – Sarguja

30 Ram Ratan Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja

31 Sauna Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja



32 Ram Sakal Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja

33 Haravan Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja

34 Nandkeshwar Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja

35 Biguwa Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja

36 Beena Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja

37 Judavan Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja

38 Baas Dev Sarguja Village ‐ Mahkepi, Dist – Sarguja

39 Sandeep Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

40 Ram Ratan Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

41 Jhari Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

42 Ram Kali Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

43 Ramvriksh Sarguja Village ‐ Putsura, Dist – Sarguja

44 Saroj Sarguja Village ‐ Ghorghadi, Dist – Sarguja

45 Rukmani Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Silfili, Dist – Sarguja

46 Shanti Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Silfili, Dist – Sarguja

47 Munni Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Kamri, Dist – Sarguja

48 Kalavati Devi Sarguja Village ‐ Kamri, Dist – Sarguja

49 Ratiya Sarguja Village ‐ Sevari, Dist – Sarguja

50 Sanichara Sarguja Village ‐ Sevari, Dist – Sarguja

51 Masi Das Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja

52 Kariman Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja



53 Godram Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja

54 Sushma Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja

55 Nemhati Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja

56 Phoolmati Sarguja Village ‐ Bhedmi, Dist – Sarguja

57 Mahesh Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja

58 Sundari Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja

59 Shiv Mangal Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja

60 Buthani Sarguja Village ‐ Pahadkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja

61 Ashok Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja

62 Gulab Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja

63 Puran Sarguja Village ‐ Dandkhaduwa, Dist – Sarguja

64 Mandev Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja

65 Chandrika Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja

66 Bodhan Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja

67 Jitendra Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja

68 Jhitku Sarguja Village ‐ Uliya, Dist – Sarguja

69 Sarojni Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja

70 Mariyam Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja

71 Manimenen Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja

72 Thunki Sarguja Village ‐ Chimla (Pasta), Dist – Sarguja

73 Hirmaniya Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja



74 Malti Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

75 Dashri Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

76 Ramvriksh Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

77 Chunuwa Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

78 Savina Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

79 Muneshwari Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

80 Badhan Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

81 Sugiya Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

82 Parmila Sarguja Village ‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

83 Anita Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

84 Chameli Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

85 Amni Sarguja Village ‐ Ladkud, Dist – Sarguja

86 Sumri Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja

87 Malo Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja

88 Rameshri Sarguja Village ‐ Jhigdi, Dist – Sarguja

89 Abhay Sarguja Village ‐ Korandha, Dist – Sarguja

90 Ram Pati Sarguja Village ‐ Devsara, Dist – Sarguja

91 Krishna Ram Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja

92 Nilam Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja

93 Shri Kumar Sarguja Village‐ Podi, Dist – Sarguja

94 Krishna Ram Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja



95 Kalavati Sarguja Village‐ Jargim, Dist – Sarguja

96 Roop Saay Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

97 Chandan Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

98 Jeevan Prasad Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

99 Milan Singh Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

100 Harihar Saay Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

101 Sanjhu Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

102 Jogi Sarguja Village‐ Basen, Dist – Sarguja

103 Belkenhin Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

104 Dipadihin Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

105 Karamheen Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

106 Pichi Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

107 Dhaneshwar Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

108 Punni Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

109 Sukhan Ram Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

110 Kumar Saay Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

111 Vijay Sarguja Village‐ Jaswantpur, Dist – Sarguja

112 Avadh Narayan Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja

113 Devanti Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja

114 Mangal Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja

115 Phool Kuwar Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja



116 Ram Saay Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja

117 Ram Charitra Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja

118 Shankar Ram Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja

119 Krishna Ram Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja

120 Kedar Ram Sarguja Village‐ Atauri, Dist – Sarguja

121 Kali Ram Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

122 Ram Chander Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

123 Phoolmet Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

124 Ganpat Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

125 Puran Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

126 Raj Kumar Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

127 Seeta Ram Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

128 Nanbai Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

129 Mankuwar Sarguja Village‐ Lilauti, Dist – Sarguja

130 Karmi Bai Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

131 Balobai Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

132 Ronhi Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

133 Subhasho Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

134 Chirango Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

135 Ramlallu Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

136 Dirpal Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja



137 Baldev Sarguja Village‐ Karwan, Dist – Sarguja

138 Mahajan Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja

139 Shyam Dev Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja

140 Sukhwaro Sarguja Village‐ Khumri, Dist – Sarguja

141 Shantosh Mishra Sarguja Village‐ Chilma, Dist – Sarguja

142 Phoolo Sarguja Village‐ Chilma, Dist – Sarguja

143 Shighun Sarguja Village‐ Narsinghpur, Dist – Sarguja

144 Ram Baran Sarguja Village‐ Narsinghpur, Dist – Sarguja

145 Narendera Kumar Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja

146 Shobran Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja

147 Shyam Singh Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja

148 Somar Saay Sarguja Village‐ Murka, Dist – Sarguja

149 Vrindavati Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja

150 Shanti Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja

151 Radhe Shyam Sarguja Village‐ Khukhri, Dist – Sarguja

152 Sunita Singh Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja

153 Maan Kuwar Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja

154 Sarihano Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja

155 Bharosa Sarguja Village‐ Narsingh pur, Dist – Sarguja

156 Mohan Sarguja Village‐ Amhiyapara, Dist – Sarguja

157 Shiv Prasad Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja



158 Dil Bahal Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja

159 Juliyas Sarguja Village ‐ Gajhadand, Dist – Sarguja

Name of Group

1 Shiv SHG Sarguja Village‐ Amgaon , Block‐ Lundra , Dist.‐ Sarguja

2 Nanbiwa Artisan Centre ( Adarsh SHG)

Korba Village‐ Nanbira, Block‐ Kartala, Dist.‐ Korba

Jharkhand

Name of Group

1 Gram van prabandhan and Sanrakhan Samiti

Chatra Village‐ Chaur, Block‐ Chatra, Distt‐ Chatra

2 Gram van prabandhan and Sanrakhan Samiti

Chatra Village‐ Jabra, Block‐ Hantarganj, Distt‐ Chatra

3 Saliaya forest proetction committee

Hazaribagh Village‐ Chutiyaro, Block‐ Hazaribagh, Dist Hazaribagh

4 Barkatha Hazaribagh Village‐ Saalaiya, Block‐ Hazaribagh, Dist‐ Hazaribagh

Maharashtra

Name of Beneficiary

1 Parshuram Babegi Neemgade

Chandrapur Village‐ Pazdarchak Dist‐ Chandrapur, Block‐ Mul, Uttaranchal

2 Prashant Babusaheb Wasode

Chandrapur Village‐ Ballarpur, Dist‐ Chandrapur, Block ‐ Ballarpur, Uttaranchal

3 Mrs.Mandotai Nanagi Dawaande

Chandrapur Village‐ Chandrapur,Block ‐ Chandrapur, Dist‐ Chandrapur

4 Sudhir Shantilar Katriya Chandrapur Village‐ Warra, Block ‐ Warra, Distt‐ Chandrapur

5 Mrs. Salu Siddharth Sarrge

Chandrapur Village‐ Sandhya Nagar, Block‐ Chandrapur, Dist‐ Chandrapur

6 Hemant Vidyadhar Bhave Chandrapur Village‐ Katvali, Block‐ Ballarpur,Distt‐ Chandrapur



7 Dharamsay Laxman Rao Porate

Chandrapur Village‐ Chandrakheda, Block‐ Bhadrawati Dist‐ Chandrapur

8 Yashoda Haridas Pawar Yeotmal Village‐ Kharola, Block‐ Yeotmal, Dist‐ Yeotmal

9 Ajay Abdul Ali Somani Yeotmal Village‐ Patoli, Block‐ Kalam, Distt‐ Yeotmal

10 Manik Ram Chandra Wake

Yeotmal Village‐ Kalamb, Block‐ Kalamb, District‐ Yeotmal

Name of Group

1 Central Chanda Forests Chandrapur Village‐ Ballansa, Block‐ Ballansa, Distt‐ Chandrapur

Mizoram

Name of Group

1 Mamit Village Development Committee

Mamit Forest Division

2 Aizwal Village Development Committee

Aizwal Forest Division

Nagaland

Name of Group

1 Vihokhu SHG Dimapur Village‐ Vihokhu, Distt‐ Dimapur

2 VBDC Dimapur Village‐ Pushito, Distt‐ Dimapur

3 Lishit Sung Yong Bamboo Plantation Society

Mokukchung Village‐ Lishit Sung Yong

Odisha

Name of Beneficiary

1 Sambaru Chinda Bolangir Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir

2 Tikena Majhi Bolangir Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir

3 Gouda Majhi Bolangir Village Barband, Devgaon, Bolangir

4 Babaji Mishra Bolangir Village Sirabahal, Deygaon, Bolangir

5 Janardan Goud Bolangir Village Shivtola, Deygaon, Bolangir



6 Ranjeet Kumat Mahanta Mayurbhanj Village Asnabani, Block Samakuntha, Mayurbhanj

7 Abhash Kumar Mayurbhanj Village Asnabani, Block Samakuntha, Mayurbhanj

8 Ban Bihari Madhual Mayurbhanj Village, Krishna Chandrapur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj

9 Pradeep Madhual Mayurbhanj Village, Krishna Chandrapur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj

10 Bikram Mahanta Mayurbhanj Village Chhachinapada, Betanati, Mayurbhanj

11 Murari Mishra Mayurbhanj Village Chhachinapada, Betanati, Mayurbhanj

Name of Group

1 Bolangir Joint Forest Management Comitttee

Bolangir Forest Division

2 Mayurbhanj Joint Forest Management Committee

Mayurbhanj Forest Division

3 Basupati Self‐help Group Bolangir Village Shivtola, Deygaon, Bolangir

4 Gobardhan Sole Bamboo Development Group

Mayurbhanj Village Gobardhan Sole, Baripada, Mayurbhanj

Uttarakhand

Name of Beneficiary

1 Ram Prakash Udham Singh Nagar Village Hardaspur, Gadarpur, US Nagar

2 Bhola Nath Udham Singh Nagar Village Kundan Nagar, Gadarpur, US Nagar

3 Satish Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Bari Rai, Gadarpur, US Nagar

4 Kishan Chand Udham Singh Nagar Village Bari Rai, Gadarpur, US Nagar

5 Akhilesh Mishra Udham Singh Nagar Village Bukshora Gadarpur, US Nagar

6 Omiyo Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Bhra Nagar, Gadarpur, US Nagar

7 Pratap Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Nazimabad, Rudrapur, US Nagar

8 Sanjay Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Pipliya, Rudrapur, US Nagar



9 Dastar Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Shahdara, Rudrapur, US Nagar

10 Jitendra Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Shahdara, Rudrapur, US Nagar

11 Jaideep Udham Singh Nagar Village Bandia, Rudrapur, US Nagar

12 Kulwinder Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Bandia, Rudrapur, US Nagar

13 Sachin Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Devalia, Rudrapur, US Nagar

14 Arun Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village Devalia, Rudrapur, US Nagar

15 Ravindra Nath Udham Singh Nagar Village Pulsungi, Rudrapur, US Nagar

16 Balbir Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Khambhari, Bajpur, US Nagar

17 Pratap Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Shivpuri, Bajpur, US Nagar

18 Tejpal Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Badripur, Bajpur, US Nagar

19 Sewa Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Gobra, Bajpur, US Nagar

20 Dalbir Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Bhauwa nagala, Bajpur, US Nagar

21 Raguvendra Singh Udham Singh Nagar Village Bhauwa nagala, Bajpur, US Nagar

22 Dharm Prakash Udham Singh Nagar Village Deohari, Bajpur, US Nagar

23 Ram Yash Udham Singh Nagar Village ‐ Buksora, Block ‐ Gadarpur , Dist.‐Udham Singh Nagar , Uttaranchal

24 Ashish Kumar Udham Singh Nagar Village ‐ Gangapur, Block ‐ Rudrapur , Dist.‐Udham Singh Nagar, Uttaranchal

25 Paramjit Udham Singh Nagar Village ‐ Sudesh , Dist.‐Udham Singh Nagar , Uttaranchal

26 Vinod Bahukhandi Pauri Garwal Village Mawasa, Bhrugukhal, Pauri Garhwal

27 Subodh Thapa Pauri Garwal Village Mawasa, Bhrugukhal, Pauri Garhwal



28 Dinesh Singh Pauri Garwal Village Ghunna, Pabo range, Pauri Garhwal

29 Arjun Singh Pauri Garwal Village Ghunna, Pabo range, Pauri Garhwal

30 Govind Singh Pauri Garwal Village Mirthana, Borikhal Pauri garhwal

Name of Group

1 Chatur Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Chatur Pauri Range, Pauri Garhwal

2 Idamalla Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Idamlla Satpaul Range, Pauri Garhwal

3 Ratkot Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Ratkot Birokhal Range, Pauri Garhwal

4 Thapali Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Thapali Naugaon Range, Pauri Garhwal

5 Nakurchi Van Panchayat Pauri Garwal Village Nakurchi Gohari Range, Pauri Garhwal

mid-term third party evaluation study of national bamboo ...nbm.nic.in/nbm_report_final.pdf ·...

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