Section ABahagian A[60 marks / 60 markah]Answer all questions in this sectionJawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1Diagram 1 shows an animal cell Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan

(a)Based on the given model, identify the cell components labelled P, Q, R and SBerdasarkan pada model yang diberi, kenal pasti komponen sel berlabel P, Q, R, dan S [4 marks/markah]

(b)(i)On Diagram 1, label a cell component which has the following propertiesPada Rajah 1, labelkan komponen sel yang mempunyai ciri-ciri berikut It is a rod-shaped organelle with two membranes Organel berbentuk rod dengan dua membran Its size ranges from 1 to 10 m Saiznya berukuran di antara 1 hingga 10 m [1 mark/markah]

(ii)What is the function of the cell component labelled in (b)i?Apakah fungsi komponen sel yang dilabel di b(i)?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/markah]

(iii)It is found that a human male sex cell has a larger number of the organelle labelled in (b)i than a human somatic cell. Give an explanation for thisDidapati bahawa sel seks jantan manusia mempunyai bilangan organel yang berlabel di (b)i lebih banyak berbanding sel soma manusia. Berikan penerangan tentang hal ini

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/markah]

(c)(i)suggest the function of the part labelled Scadangkan fungsi struktur berlabel S

______________________________________________________________________________[1 mark/markah]

(ii)name the component in S that helps to conduct the function which you have suggested in (c)inyatakan komponen dalam S yang membantu untuk menjalankan fungsi yang kamu cadangkan di (c)i

______________________________________________________________________________[1 mark/markah]

(d)Name the process whereby unspecialised cells become specialised for particular functions.Namakan proses dimana sel yang tidak spesifik menjadi spesifik bagi fungsi yang tertentu

____________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark/markah]

2A human heart is situated in the thoracic cavity. It pumps blood which carries all the vital materials that help the body function. It contain four cambers and strong muscles. Diagram 2 shows a human heart.Jantung manusia terletak dalam kaviti toraks. Jantung mengepam darah yang membawa semua mineral yang penting untuk fungsi badan. Ia mengandungi empat ruang dan otot yang kuat. Rajah 2 menunjukkan jantung manusia.

Vena kava

Nodus SA

Ruang QRuang R

Diargam 2 / Rajah 2

(a)Name the muscle that build up the heartNamakan otot yang membina jantung

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark/markah]

(b)Explain the characteristic of the muscle which allow the heart to function efficientlyJelaskan sifat-sifat otot yang membolehkan jantung berfungsi dengan efisien_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/markah]

(c)Explain one difference of oxygen concentration in blood in chamber R and chamber QTerangkan satu perbezaan kepekatan oksigen dalam darah dalam ruang R dan ruang Q_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/markah]

(d)The sino-atrial node located in the right atrial wall that acts like a pacemaker. Explain the role of the pacemaker to ensure the heart pumps blood efficientlyNodus sinoartria terletak pada dinding kanan atria yang berfungsi sebagai perentak. Jelaskan peranan perentak dalam memastikan darah dipam dengan efisien_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/markah]

Although the function of pacemaker is to ensure the heart pumps blood efficiently, the pacemaker itself is regulated by two set of nerves and hormones.Fungsi perentak adalah memastikan jantung mengepam darah dengan efisien, namun perentak dikawal oleh dua set saraf dan hormon.

(e)Explain the above statementJelaskan kenyataan di atas_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/markah]

(f)A doctor used a stethoscope to check the heart. Explain what the doctor hear through the stethoscopeSeorang doctor menggunakan stetoskop untuk memeriksa jantung. Jelaskan apa yang didengari oleh doctor melalui stetoskop_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks/markah]

3Diagram 3(a) below shows the cross section of a Lily plant and diagram 3(b) shows the cross section of a hibiscus plantRajah 3(a)dibawah menunjukkan keratan rentas pokok Lily dan rajah 3(b) menunjukkan keratan rentas pokok herba

3 (a)3(b)

(a)(i)State the differences of cells and tissues in diagram 3(a) and 3(b)Nyatakan perbezaan sel dan tisu dalam rajah 3(a) dan 3(b)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks/markah](i) State the importance of air sac in diagram 3 (a)Nyatakan kepentingan kantung udara dalam rajah 3(a)_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks/markah](ii) Give three characteristic that help in the buoyancy of Lily plantBerikan tiga cir-ciri yang membantu keapungan pokok lily _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks/markah]

(b)Explain characteristic that help in the support of plant in diagram 3(b)Jelaskan cir-ciri yang membantu sokongan dalam tumbuhan dalam rajah 3(b) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [4 marks/markah]

4Diagram 4 shows a cross section of part of the nervous systemRajah 4 menunjukkan keratan rentas sebahagian daripada sistem saraf

Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

(a)(i)Name structure XNamakan struktur X

__________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah]

(ii)State the function of struktur XNyatakan fungsi struktur X

__________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah]

(b)(i)Why is Y swollen at the dorsal root?Mengapa terdapat pembengkakan di Y pada akar dorsal?

_________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah]

(ii)Complete diagram 3.1 with the neuron involved in a reflex action. Mark the direction of the impulse movement on the neurones.Lengkapkan rajah 3.1 dengan neuron yang terlibat dalam tindakan refleks. Tandakan arah pergerakan impuls pada neuron. [2 marks / markah]

(c)Compare two structures of a sensory neurone and a motor neuroneBandingkan dua struktur neuron deria dan neuron motor1. ___________________________________________________________________________________2. ___________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks / markah]

(d)If the spinal nerve is cut off at Z, what is the effect on the organ which is connected to it? Explain your answerJika saraf tunjang terputus di Z, apakah kesan ke atas organ yang berkaitan dengannya? Jelaskan jawapan anda__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[2 marks / markah]

(e)Alis finger accidently touches a flame. Explain briefly how his reflex action functionJari Ali tersentuh api. Terangkan secara ringkas bagaimana tindakan fungsi refleks Ali_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[3 marks / markah]

5Diagram 5 shows the role of pituitary gland as master gland. Hormone Y is responsible for the development of follicle in the ovaryRajah 5 menunjukkan peranan kelenjar pituitari sebagai kelenjar utama. Hormon Y bertanggungjawab bagi perkembangan folikel dalam ovari

(a)(i)Name hormone X?Namakan hormone x?

_______________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah](ii)State the function of hormone X?Nyatakan peranan hormone X?

_______________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah]

(b)Hormone Y stimulates the development of Graafian follicle in the ovary and sperm in the testis. Name hormone YHormon Y meransang perkembangan folikel Graafian dalam ovary dan sperma dalam testis. Namakan hormone Y

_____________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah]

(c)The presence of hormone Y causes the secretion of hormone Z. Hormone Z affects the uterusKehadiran hormone Y menyebabkan perembesan hormone Z. Hormon Z mempengaruhi uterus

(i)Name hormone ZNamakan hormon Z_______________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah](ii)State the role of hormone Z in the uterusNyatakan peranan hormone Z pada uterus_______________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah](d)(i)Name hormone PNamakan hormone P_______________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah](ii)Explain how hormone P is responsible for the physical appearance for individual QJelaskan bagaimana hormone bertangguungjawab bagi keadaan fizikal induvidu Q

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________[2 mark / markah]

(e)(i)State the circumstances where more ADH secreted, as shown in diagram 5Nyatakan keadaan di mana lebih banyak ADG dirembeskan seperti dalam rajah 5_______________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah](ii)Explain the role of ADH in producing less and concentrated urineJelaskan peranan ADH dalam penghasilan urin yang sedikit dan pekat______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah](f)Give one reason why pituitary gland is considered as master glandBerkan satu sebab kenapa kelenjar pituitari dianggap sebagai kelenjar utama_____________________________________________________________________________________[1 mark / markah]

Section BBahagianB[40marks / markah]Answer anytwoquestionsfrom this sectionJawab mana-manaduasoalan daripada bahagian ini

6Diagram 6 shows the action of antagonistic in bending of the fore-limbRajah 6 menunjukkan tindakan antagonistic dalam membengkok tangan

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

(a)Based on diagram, describe the function of muscles, tendons and ligaments in enabling the bending of the human fore-limbBerdasarkan rajah, terangkan peranan otot, tendon dan ligament dalam membantu tangan untuk membengkok[6 marks / markah]

(b)A lady aged 50 often experiences aches and pains in her bones. She is suffering from osteoporosis State the symptoms of osteoporosis and suggest ways to overcome this problemSeorang wanita berumur 50 tahun mengalami sakit pada tulang. Dia menderita daripada sakit osteoporosis. Nyatakan simtom osteoporosis dan cadangkan langkah untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut.[4 marks / markah]

(c)Discuss how to practice ways in maintaining a healthy musculoskeletalBincangkan kaedah untuk memastikan muskuloskeletal sentiasa dalam keadaan sihat[10 marks / markah]

7When you suddenly see too many smoke coming from your kitchen, your heart beat faster and your hands become sweatyApabila anda tiba-tiba melihat asap terlalu banyak datang dari dapur anda, jantung anda berdenyut lebih cepat dan tangan menjadi berpeluh.

(a)Based on Biology knowledge, explain the above situationBerdasarkan pengetahuan biologi, jelaskan situasi di atas [10 marks / markah]

(b)Diagram 7 shows reflex action in humanRajah 7 menunjukkan tindakan reflex manusia

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

(i)Based on the diagram 7, draw arrows to show the nerve pathway involved in the reflex actionBerdasarkan rajah 7, lukiskan anak panah untuk menunjukkan laluan saraf dalam tindakan refleks[2 marks / markah]

(ii)Explain the reflex action shown aboveJelaskan tindakan refleks di atas[8 marks / markah]

8Diagram 8.1 shows the structure of a nephron in humanRajah 8.1 menunjukkan satu struktur nefron pada manusia

Diagram 8.1 / Rajah 8.1

(a)Explain the formation of fluid in W.Terangkan pembentukan cecair dalam W. [2 marks / markah]

(b) Explain the process of urine formation.Terangkan proses pembentukan air kencing. [10 marks / markah]

(c)A person suffers diabetes insipidus produces a large amount of urine. Explain how this problem is related to the imbalance of hormone in his bodySeseorang mengalami diabetes insipidus menghasilkan sejumlah besar air kencing. Jelaskanbagaimana masalah ini berkaitan dengan ketidakseimbangan hormon di dalam badannya[2 marks / markah]

(d)Diagram 8.2 shows a treatment undergone by a patientRajah 8.2 menunjukkan satu rawatan yang dilalui oleh seorang pesakit

Diagram 8.2 / Rajah 8.2

(i)Explain the condition of the patient before undergone this treatmentTerangkan keadaan pesakit sebelum menjalani rawatan tersebut [3 marks / markah]

(ii)Explain the importance of kidney in maintaining human healthTerangkan kepentingan ginjal dalam mengekalkan kesihatan manusia [3 marks / markah]

9Diagram 9 shows an environmental phenomenonRajah 9 menunjukkan fenomena persekitaran

Diagram 9 / Rajah 9

(a)Describe how the phenomenon in diagram above occursTerangkan bagaimana fenomena di atas berlaku [10 marks / markah]

(b)Suggest ways to minimize the effects of this phenomenonCadangkan langkah-langkah untuk mengurangkan kesan fenomena tersebut[4 marks / markah]

(c)Human activities have a widespread impact on the ecosystem. One of the most devastating human activities on the environment is deforestation. Describe the effect and consequences of deforestation to the ecosystemAktiviti manusia memberi kesan yang besar kepada ekosistem. Salah satu aktiviti yang manusia ialah penebangan hutan. Terangkan kesan dan akibat daripada penebangan hutan terhadap ekosistem[6 marks / markah]

Prepared by

...................................................ABDUL RAHMAN ZULKIPLI

Approved by

............................................

Verified by

..........................................

14