microlap: microwave lap-timing from hhfhighlights of microlap full developed and tested lap-timing...
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Heuermann HF-Technik Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Heuermann – Auf dem Anger 29; D-52076 Aachen; Germany
Tel.: +49 2408/9379019; Fax: +49 2408/9379952 [email protected], www.hhft.de
MicroLap:Microwave Lap-Timing from HHF
Prof. H. HeuermannKai Hanisch
06.09.2010
Motivation
Solution for timing purposes in motorsport applications
Highly flexible
Highly accurate
Cost effective
© Heuermann HF-Technik 2 6. September 2010
PC-controlled
Basestation
2.45GHz-
receiver
Highlights of MicroLap
Full developed and tested lap-timing system
Highly flexible, best for Race tracks (single- and multi-point-measurements)
Off-road, on-water (long distance up to 150m), free-space
Highly accurate Optimized antennas
Cost effective in Production
Installation
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Development History
Start of diploma thesis autumn 2006
Proof-of-concept spring 2007
Funding through EU / state scholarship in autumn 2007
Fully functional prototype system with 40 transponders in winter 2007/2008
Second generation system in spring 2008
Antenna for long distance applications in 2009
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Receiver with monitor to
show the actual results
Development Side-Steps
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Energy saving concepts with separate RF-activation signals have been developed, but postponed
Solutions with user-readable lap-time displays have been developed, but canceled for greater battery life and simplicity of design
The final transponder layout is the 28th version, but less complex in design than many of its predecessors
Transponder with
display
Concept of MicroLap
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Tag
A
Receiver
PC
Tag
B
2.45 GHz multi-channel system
Up to 2000 transponder signals processedsimultaneously
Finish Line
Antenna beam
Concept of MicroLap / Transponder
Individual frequency channel
62.5 kHz channel spacing
10 dBm / 10 mW RF power
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TCXO Synthesizer
Antenna
µCMotion
SensorPower supply
Concept of MicroLap / Transponder
Current dimensions ~ 80x45x17 mm3
Main dimension constraints: Antenna and battery
Current weight: ~ 90 grams with partial casting compound
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Robust, cost and place
efficient antenna
Concept of MicroLap / Receiver
Low noise layout
Highly optimized antennas
NF bandwidth saving for efficient A/D conversion
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TCXO Synthesizer
Antenna
LO RF
A/D-
Converter
NF
Down-
Converter AmplifierBandpass
µC
Single Sideband Converter
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LO
f1 f2 f
P
| L
O -
f2
|
| L
O -
f3
|
Δf
f3 f
| L
O -
f1
|
| L
O –
f | N
N
Δf
Frequency spectrum to explain functionality
Reduction of NF Bandwidth
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LOf1 f2 f
P
| L
O -
f2
|
| L
O -
f3
|
Δf
Δf / 2
f3 f
| L
O -
f1
|
| L
O –
f | N
N
Frequency spectrum to explain functionality
Concept of MicroLap / Antennas
Narrow antenna lobe (beam) increases range and precision
Several studies led to development of a quadruple-patch group layout
No dielectric losses for high efficiency
Compact layout
14 dBi, circular polarisation, 35° horizontal beam width
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Compact antenna for short range applications
Concept of MicroLap / Antennas
Very narrow antenna lobe (beam) increases range and precision
No dielectric losses for best efficiency
40 dBi, circular polarisation, 4° horizontal beam width
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Large antenna for long range applications
Concept of MicroLapSignal Processing I
A/D Conversion with specialized hardware in a standard PC (12 bit, 40 MS/sec)
FFT limits timing accuracy in current layout
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A/D-Conversion
Fast
Fourier-
Transform
Digital
Signal
Processing
Concept of MicroLap Signal Processing II
Acquisition of passing time with an optimal signal
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t+1 t+2 t+3t
P
Timet+4 t+5
Threshold
> P(t)
New Max.
> P(t+1)
New Max.
< P(t+2)
P(t+2)==Max.
Save Time
< P(t+3)
P(t+3)!=Max.
Concept of MicroLap Signal Processing III
Actual signal shape of a passing transponder
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Concept of MicroLap Signal Processing IV
Transponder signal has to be monitored before and after it passes the finish line
Threshold signal can be used to trigger external device, e.g. photoelectric barrier, before passing
Signal shape can be used to enhance precision
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MicroLap-test
in Most
MicroLap Test Program
Motorcycle street events in Dijon, Most, Brünn(Brno) and Valencia
Motocross training in Kleinhau near Aachen
Test program included measurements of- precision (self-related and competitor solution)- range- reliability- immunity against RF disturbance- parallel measurement of multiple transponders- effects of shadowing by other motorcycles
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A large number of tests were conducted:
MicroLap Test Results
System was tested on numerous occasions during street and motocross events
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MicroLap Test Results
Valid detection rate improved from 95% in 2007 to 100% during the last tests
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MicroLap Test Results II
Excerpt from simultaneous crossing test (12 transponders fitted to one motorcycle):
- Standard deviation first passing: 5.97 ms
- Standard deviation second passing: 4.32 ms
- Standard deviation lap time: 4.98 ms
- Absolute maximum deviation: 17 ms
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MicroLap System Performance
Up to 30 meters of detection range with short range antenna
Timing accuracy limited to ~ 10 ms by FFT hardware
Easily upgradable to multiple intermediate measurement points
Up to 14 days of standby time
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Manufacturing Costs
Estimation of one system with 200 transponders:
Transponder raw material ~30 €(excluding battery)
Receiver station ~2500 €
Additional requirements:- Charging device for single transponder ~10 €- Charging device for multiple transponder ~100 €
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Development Costs
Costs of the past for one system with 60 transponders and two antennas:
2 engineering man years: ~100 t€
1 man year university personnel: 60 t€
0.5 man year software development: 25 t€
Hardware, material 15 t€
Production costs 15 t€
Testing costs 10 t€
========
225 t€
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Future Prospects
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Ideal solution for all sport areas:
Multiple measurement points (wireless)
Smaller,
interconnected, more
cost effective, more
accurate receiver
stations
Future Prospects
New receiver implementation
Quicker FFT (~100 μs)
Higher analog bandwidth (65 MS/s)
Higher digital resolution (14 bit)
Manufacturing costs cut in half
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Tests at different
positions
Future Prospects
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Microcontroller (HC12)
W-LAN
GPS
FPGA –
Board (FFT)
ADC - Board
Pre-development
of low-cost
receiver station
Our Price of MicroLap
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We offer MicroLap for 68.000€ including:
All rights of the system
One full working and tested MicroLap system including
short and long range antenna
receiver station in a waterproof case for display and plot of actual results
over 60 transponder
specials like charging stations and transponder with Lap-timing-display
a lot of electronic components
Training and documentation for production
Heuermann HF-Technik GmbH; Prof. H. Heuermann Auf dem Anger 29; D-52076 Aachen; Germany
Mail: [email protected]; Internet: www.HHFT.deTel.: +49 2408/9379019; Fax: +49 2408/9379952
Tel.-FH: +49 241/6009-52108