microbial fish diseases 2011

7/24/2019 Microbial Fish Diseases 2011

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IN FECTIO U S D ISEASES O FFISH : VIRAL, BACTERIAL

AN D M YCO TIC D ISEASES

Institute of Breeding and Diseases of Game and FishUniversity of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy

2011/12


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Why Do Fish DiseasesOccur?

PredisposingEnvironment

SusceptibleHost

Virulent

Pathogen


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I Vira! "sh diseases


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#$% & e'i(ootic haemo'oietic necrosis )*I#+I$% & infectious haemo'oietic necrosis )*I#+,V- & s'ring viraemia of car' )*I#+IP% & infectious 'ancreatic necrosis )*I#+.ed sea ream iridovira! diseases )*I#+I, & infectious sa!mon anaemiaV$, & vira! haemorhagic se'ticaemia )*I#+

--VD & channe! cat"sh virus disease$VD & oi her'es virus diseasePF.D & 'ie fry rhadovirus disease#Pa & e'ite!ioma 'a'u!osum )car' 'o34 "sh 'o3+5- & !ym'hocystis )5D & !ym'hocystis disease+

.u!e & out diagnoses )vira! infections+6Presumptive diagnosis is ased on the asence of other etio!ogiescomined 7ith a diagnostica!!y a''ro'riate history4 c!inica! signs4and/or 'atho!ogy

Defnitive diagnosisis based on presumptive diagnosis comined7ith con"rmation of vira! 'resence )eg4 antiody 'roe4 gene'roe+


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,ystemic Vira! Diseases6 Genera! Features

Method of Diagnosis-!inica! signs characteristic of the disease comined7ith either or oth61 ntiody or gene test of tissue or cu!tured virus

2 $isto'atho!ogy of diagnostic !esionsHistoryVaries 7ith etio!ogica! agent and environmenta!conditions)es'ecia!!y tem'erature+Physical ExaminationVaries 7ith etio!ogica! agent and environmentTreatment1 Disinfect and 8uarantine

2 #!iminate source of contamination )ie4 7ater or


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Genera! characteristics of vira! diseases of "shinc!ude6

9 *ften tem'erature & de'endent 'athogenicity9 $ost & s'eci"c )usua!!y a:ecting on!y one s'eciesor ac!ose!y re!ated grou' of s'ecies+9 Usua!!y young "sh get sic4 7hi!e o!der "shecome carriers

-ommon c!inica! signs inc!ude69 #3o'htha!mos

9 domina! distension9 $emorrhage

-ommon microsco'ic !esions inc!ude6

9 *rgan necrosis9 Intrace!!u!ar inc!usions


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%o medications are avai!a!e to treat any "sh vira!disease

Various antivira! com'ounds have een tried 7ithvarying success4 ut none are commercia!!y avai!a!efor use in "sh ;hus4 one must re!y u'on disinfectionand 8uarantine4 or sometimes environmenta!

mani'u!ation )eg4 tem'erature+ for managementvoidance is the est method of contro!;his inc!udesotaining"sh on!y from certi"ed virus & free stocs and raising"sh in virus & free 7ater )s'ring4 7e!!4 or disinfected+

De"nitive diagnosis of systemic vira! disease is

ased on oservation of re!evant history4 c!inica!signs and/or'atho!ogy in comination 7ith virus identi"cation/

detection via either an antiody or a gene test,ome

viruses may e 'resent in !o7 numers 7ithout


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CCVD - Channel Catfish Virus disease

causative agent: HERPESVIRUS

host: channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus(fry andfingerlings)geographical distribution: USA (possibly Europe, Asia)pat-anatomical changes:

eophtalmus, pale gills, ascites, haemorrhages in the s!in,

fins, muscles, liver, !idney, spleen

-!inica! ,ignss'ira!!ing or s7imming anorma!!yconvu!sions


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Channel Catsh VirusDisease! CCVD "

Method of DiagnosisIdenti" cation of channe! cat"sh virusinfection in " sh dis'!aying ty'ica!c!inica! signs and 'atho!ogy

Historycute to chronic moridity/morta!ity=corscre7 s'ira! s7imming

Physical Examination

.eddening on ody and ase of " ns=de'ression= e3o'htha!mos=s7o!!en adomen= e8ui!irium de"cit

Treatment1 Disinfect and 8uarantine

2 .educe tem'erature to !ess than1> ? -

-hanne! cat"sh virus is themost im'ortant vira! diseasea:ecting channe! cat"sh#3ce't for its accidenta!

introductioninto $onduras4 it is restrictedto the channe! cat" sh &'roducing areas of the United,tates It is a high!y s'ecies & s'eci"cher'esvirus and on!y natura!!ya:ects channe! cat"sh4a!though it can e3'erimenta!!yinfect some other icta!urids


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During --VD e'idemics4 theyounger4 more roust "sh

ty'ica!!y die "rst Ahi!e o!der"sh can ecome c!inica!!ysic4 e'idemics occur a!moste3c!usive!y in young) 1 year+ and sma!! ) 1>cm+ "sh and most e'idemicsare in "sh C months o!d

Morta!itiesare most ra'id

and severe 7ith highertem'eratures4 eing highestat 2> @0 ? -

During e'idemics4 virus istransmitted hori(onta!!y inthe feces and urine of

c!inica!!y a:ected "sh;hereis a!so evidence for vertica!transmission

Many --VD e'idemics are accom'anied y secondary acteria!

infections )Aeromonas , Flavobacterium , Edwardsiella ), which canmask the rimar dia nosis.


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Clinical Signs/Pathogenesis#$OSS %ES&O'S-!inica! signs inc!ude hanging head u' in the 7ater4 disorientation)corscre7 s'ira! s7imming+4 adomina! distension4 e3o'htha!mos4

and hemorrhages on the ody4 gi!!s4 and at the ases of the "nsInterna!!y4 there is a ye!!o7ish Euid in the 'eritonea! cavity and'unctate hemorrhage in the viscera

H&S(OP)(HO%O#*

-hanne! cat"sh virus attacsa!! ma


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Diagnosis;he ty'ica! 'resentation of a --VDe'idemic is a ra'id4 aru't increase inmorta!ity in young & of year channe! cat"

sh 7hen the tem'erature is at !east 2> ?- De"nitive diagnosis of c!inica! --VDre8uires identi"cation of virus from targettissues4 7ith a''ro'riate c!inica! signsMany --VD e'idemics areaccom'anied y secondary acteria!

infections )Aeromonas ,Flavobacterium , Edwardsiella ),which can mask the primarydiagnosis.

;he --VDvirus is a!so re!ative!yunsta!e in theenvironment

;here is a >0 !oss ofinfectivity in "sh storedfor 100 days ata''ro3imate!y 20 ? -and 0 !oss after @

days on ice

It survives for !ess than@ days in dead " sh atroom tem'erature

Free(ing and tha7ingra'id!ydestroys activity

TreatmentDisinfection and 8uarantine is the moste:ective means of contro!!ing --VD

e'idemics ;he virus can 'ersist in 7ateru' to 1 or 2 months at C ? - ut !essthan 2 7ees at 2> ? - ;reating 'onds 7ith 20 >0 mg/! ch!orine7i!! ensure that the virus is e!iminated

;horough drying a!so inactivates it !!"sh survivin an outrea shou!d e


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HistoryUsua!!y acute4sometimes chronic4

moridity/morta!ity

PhysicalExamination%euro!ogica! signs=

trai!ing 7hite feces=dorsa! darening=adomina! distension=e3o'htha!mos=hemorrhage= 'a!e gi!!s=catarrha! e3udate instomach

Treatment1 Disinfect and8uarantine

2 .aise "sh in virus &free 7ater for "rst H


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IPN


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*n!y young "sh ecome c!inica!!y i!! )morta!ity in "sh Hmonths o!d is rare+4

ut any age "sh can ecome infected4 forming chroniccarriers(he virus is highly

contagious+During e'idemics4 virus isreadi!y transmitted hori(onta!!yy contact and y ingestion ofinfected tissue= the feca!'seudocast is a ma,or source

o- virus+Virus can a!so e shed in thefeces of 'iscivorous irdsVertica! transmission readi!yoccurs via trans'ort inre'roductive Euids and on )or

'ossi!y in+ the egg

Clinical Signs/Pathology

-!inica! signs inc!ude dorsa!darening4 trai!ing 7hite feces4adomina!distensione3o'htha!mos4

hemorrhage on the ventrum4and 'a!e gi!!s

%euro!ogica! signs )corscre7 s'ira!s7imming4 7hir!ing+ can often einitiated y start!ing the "sh

In o!der " nger!ing trout4 there maye many 'etechia! hemorrhages inthe viscera In contrast4 fry have'a!e viscera 7ith fe7 'etechiae catarrha! e3udate in the stomach

and intestine 'roduces the mucoid4cohesive feca! 'seudocast


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H&S(OP)(HO%O#*;he 'rime target of vira!infection is the 'ancreaticacinar ce!!s4 7hich undergoacute necrosis and haveaso'hi!ic4intracyto'!asmic Jinc!usions K) J inc!usions K are actua!!y'roducts of ce!!

degeneration+

.aino7 trout 7ith IP%

%ote the s7o!!en adomencaused y accumu!ation ofEuid in the 'eritonea! cavity

Treatment

Disinfection and 8uarantineare the on!y 'ractica!methods of contro!!ing an IP%e'idemic#3treme caution shou!d etaen to avoid s'reading virus

to uncontaminated areas4oth on and outside the farm

(he &P' virus is one o- themost stable sh viruses+&tcan survive -or months in-ro.en viscera+


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IHN - Infectious Haematopoetic Necrosis&ausative agent: RHABDOVIRUSsp'

host: salmonidsclinical manifestation: at $ater temperature belo$ o&mortality: up to ** + (in young population)

clinical and pat-anatomical changes:

lethargy, abdominal s$elling ascites, eophthalmus pop-eye,

anaemia, pale gills, haemorrhages on the fin bases, dar! coloration,distended stomach $ith a mil!y fluid, intestine filled $ith a yello$ fluid,

petechial haemorrhages in the haematopoetic organs, $hich are pale-

anaemia, necrosis in the anterior !idney, spleen and submucosa of the

intestine (histologicaly)

geographical distribution: USA, apan, Europetransmission: via infected $ater, urine, faeces, food

Notiable to OE


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&n-ectious Hematopoietic 'ecrosis) I$% = -hinoo,a!monDisease Virus4 ,acramento .iver -hinoo Disease4

-o!umia .iver ,oceye Disease4 *regon ,oceyeDisease+

HistoryVaria!e= acute to chronicmoridity/morta!ity

Treatment1 Disinfect and 8uarantine2 .aise tem'erature aove 1> ? -

@ ;reat eggs 7ith 'ovidone iodine

E!idemiologyInfectioushemato'oieticnecrosis virus4a

rhadovirus4is a ma


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I$% is most serious as a diseaseof cu!tured raino7 trout infresh7aterDuring &H' epidemics/

only young ! 0 1 years old"shbecome clinically ill+

$igh morta!ity can occur in "sh !essthan H months o!d4 7hi!e o!der "shhave !o7er morta!ity and may not

sho7 c!inica! signs

;em'erature has an im'ortantinEuence on e'idemicsPea morta!ities )to 100+ occurat 23 4 C5

fe7er and more chronicmorta!ities occur at !ess than 10 ?-4 7hi!e fe7er and more acutemorta!ities occur aove 10 ? -

'o disease occurs above 26 4C+

During e'idemics4 virusis readi!y transmittedhori(onta!!yy ingestion of infected

tissue4 as 7e!! as y thefeces4urine4 and mucus ofinfected "sh

,urvivors have strong'rotectiveimmunity and canecome carriers


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;he ty'ica! 'resentation of I$% isincreased morta!ity among fry or

"nger!ings of susce'ti!e s'ecies at thea''ro'riate tem'erature

%arger/ more robust individuals dierst+

!ong4 thic4 o: & 7hite feca! 'seudocasttrai!ing from the rectum is diagnostic

;he most diagnosticchange is the 'resence ofremnants

of necrotic ce!!s ) Jnecroiotic odies K +4'roa!y erythrocytes4 inidney smears

)voidance is the most use-ulprophylactic measure+


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VHS - Viral Haemorhagic Septicaemia

causative agent: family .A/012330AE genus LYSSAVIRUS

host: salmonidsclinical manifestation: at $ater temperature belo$ 4 o&mortality: up to 4* +


acute form poor feeding, erratic spiral s$imming, dar! s!in, eophthalmus,pale gills, anaemia, multiple haemorrhages in s!eletal muscles, serosa and

parenchymatous organs, s$ollen !idneys, hyperaemic liver high mortality

chronic form dar! s!in, eophthalmus, s$ollen abdomen ascites,

s$ollen !idney, pale liver, haemorrhages of internal organs lo$er mortality

nervous form ataia, circular (spiral) s$imming, retracted abdomen high

mortality

geographical distribution: Europetransmission: virus laden $ater, infected fry and eggs

Notiable to OE


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;he range of gross !esions seen 7ith V$, in sa!monids is great ;hereare three 'hases to V$, outreas4 7hich reE ect the severity of

infection4 not the chrono!ogica!stages

;he acute 'hase )ty'ica!!y at 1> 1L ? -+ invo!ves ra'id4 initia!!y highmorta!ity4 ut !o7er cumu!ative morta!ity Fish are dar and !ethargic)congregate a7ay from the current on the edges of the 'ond or

race7ay4 eventua!!y massing near the out!et screen+4 7ith reddeningat the ase of the " ns and gi!!s caused y in ? -+4 there are moderate4

main!y 'rotracted deaths that eventua!!y resu!t in high cumu!ativemorta!ity Fish are !ac4 7ith anemia4 e3o'htha!mos4 and a s7o!!enadomen ;he organs are 'a!e from severe anemia4 7ith organi(inghemorrhages

In the nervous 'hase4 there are !o7 morta!itiesFish do not have gross

!esions ut e3hiit a !oo'ing s7imming ehavior4 darting through the7ater and s ira!in at the ottom of the ond


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E!idemiologyIt is 'rimari!y a disease ofraino7 trout and ro7n trout

During V$, e'idemics4 anyage sa!monid can ecomec!inica!!y i!!4 ut young " share most severe!y a:ected

Morta!ity can e u' to 100in fry and often @0 0 ino!der " sh

#'idemics occur at@ 12 ? -47ith highest

morta!ities at aoutL 10 ? -

*utreas rare!y

occur aove 1> ? -and never aove 1L? -


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abnorm lne plvanie v bonejpolohe , alebo okolo svojej osi


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Abnorm lne plvanie


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Abnorm lne plvanie


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Abnorm lne plvanie - hyn


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hem orgie na bze plutiev


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exotalm us


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!xotalm us


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Patologi"ko anatom i"k# zm eny


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$etail - patologi"ko anatom i"k# zm eny


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SVC Spring Viraemia of Carps

p5vodca RHABDOVIRUS CARPIO6bulletshape72n8mav9 druhy: common carp, !oi carp, etc'rarely bighead carp, crucian carplinic!; manifest;cia: A teplota vody pod o&mortalita: do


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%pring viraem ia & '(ropsy)

habdovirus carpio !otifable disease"

E#$ %ist &&&.'(*+*EE-)

, - < ! i ! d i


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,V-V causes ma 1L ? -

Ahen over7intering " sh are in 'oor condition4 they are moresusce'ti!e Ahen c!inica! disease is 'resent4 morta!ity rangesfrom @0 to 0

ny age "sh is susce'ti!e )inc!uding roodstoc+4 ut disease ismost severe in young "sh$ori(onta! transmission can occur via e3'osure to infectedfeces4 urine4 or sin/gi!! mucus;he gi!! is the most common 'orta! of entry



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:ected "sh often see s!o7 moving7ater or !ie on the ottoms the disease 'rogresses4 "sh ecome

dar4 s!uggish4 nonres'onsive toe3terna! stimu!i= they often s7im ontheir side and rest in anorma!'ositions ;here may e e3o'htha!mosand adomina! distension4 as 7e!! assin4 gi!!4 vent4 or ocu!ar hemorrhages ;he gi!!s may e 'a!e ;here is a!sointerna! hemorrhage and inEammation4es'ecia!!y in the s7im !adder4 ut a!soin the intestine4 'eritoneum andmusc!e,econdary infections4 es'ecia!!y 7ithAeromonas hydrophila 4 are verycommon

Treatment

Disinfection and8uarantine are theon!y 'roven meansof contro!!ing ,V-

e'idemics

Minimi(ing stressand overcro7ding4 and sanitary dis'osa! of dead "sh area!so recommended .educing "sh stocing density in7inter and ear!y s'ring can reduce virus s'read


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Infectious ,a!mon nemia )I, =


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I%A

Infectious ,a!mon nemia )I, =$emorrhagic idney,yndrome O $, +

Notiable to OE

Method of DiagnosisIdenti" cation of I, virus infection in" sh dis'!aying ty'ica! c!inica! signsand 'atho!ogy

HistoryMain!y chronic ut sometimes acutemoridity/morta!ity

Physical Examination5ethargy= hanging head u'= dys'nea=adomina! distension= e3o'htha!mos=sin hemorrhage= 'a!e gi!!s

Treatment

Disinfect and 8uarantine

I, is most often diagnosed ins'ring

Infectious sa!mon anemia )I,+ a!so ca!!ed


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Infectious sa!mon anemia )I,+4 a!so ca!!edhemorrhagicidney syndrome )$,+4 is caused y anorthomy3ovirus

in the genus &savirus . &A is a ma/or worldwide threattot!antic sa!mon farming

Initia!!y oserved in %or7ay and then identi"ed in

t!antic -anada 4 ,cot!and4 Faroe Is!ands4Denmar 4Maine4 %ova ,cotia4 ,het!andIs!ands4 -hi!e

Morta!ity isgenera!!y!o7 ut cane u' to

100

;he e'idemic ty'ica!!y s'reads s!o7!y 7ithin a farm

;ransmission occurs from "sh to "sh y contact 7ith

infected "sh )infectious virus is 'resent in sinmucus4 feces4 urine4 and !ood+4 'arts from infected"sh )inc!uding viscera4 trimmings4 and musc!e+



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Patho!ogy is high!y varia!e

;he uncommon4 'eracute form of the disease often 'resents7ith no c!inica! signs

-hronic disease is ty'ica!4 and " sh may dis'!ay anore3ia4dys'nea4 and !ethargy Fish may congregate in the u''er 'arts

of a cage and hang motion!ess on the cage 7a!! efore siningto the ottom

I,V 'rimari!y infects !ood ce!!s )eg4 idney+ and endothe!ia!ce!!s )such as those !ining the !iver and heart+4 ty'ica!!y causingsevere anemia4 vascu!ar damage and he'atoce!!u!ardegeneration

;hus4 ty'ica! gross !esions inc!ude e3o'htha!mos4 distendedadomen4 sca!e edema )vascu!ar co!!a'se+4 sin hemorrhageand 'a!e gi!!s )anemia+ Interna!!y4 there may e stra7 & co!ored

or hemorrhagic ascites4 hemmorhages in the 'eritonea! cavity4


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Gross !esions in sa!moninfected 7ith I,V4sho7ing severe anemia)'a!e gi!!s+4 dar

congested !iver and'etechiation of theviscera! fat

,a!mon 7ith I,having

ascites


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Infectious ,a!mon nemia) I, = $emorrhagic idney ,yndrome O $, +

&ridoviral Diseases

N i bl


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&ridoviral Diseases

Only epi.ootic hematopoetic necrosis !EH'"and red sea bream &ridovirus

Historycute to chronic moridity/morta!ity

Physical ExaminationVaries great!y 7ith a:ected s'ecies6 anorma!

s7imming4reddening of ody4 sin u!cers4 anemia and/oradomina!distension

Treatment

Disinfect and 8uarantine

Notiable toOE

Disease occurs at 11 1 ? - *ther environmenta! factorsa:ecting e'idemics are 'oor!y understood4 a!though outreasare associated 7ith 'oor 7ater 8ua!ity;he virus is very 'ersistent in the environment and it might'ossi!y cyc!e through insects or am'hiians

E!idemiology


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-!inica! signs are nons'eci"cIn 'erch4 sudden death is the most common

sign Perch may dis'!ay nervous signs)ata3ia4 !ethargy+4 as 7e!! as a darened ody4and reddening around the nostri!s4 gi!!s and aseof the "ns

.aino7 trout may a!so dis'!ay sin u!cers andadomina! distension

In oth s'ecies4 the idney and s'!een may es7o!!en4 7ith 'etechia! hemorrhage on theviscera

E!idemiologyIridovira! diseases )fami!y Iridoviridae+ can causeacute to chronic moridity and morta!ity in many "sh

s'ecies

7oi Herpesvirus Disease


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7oi Herpesvirus Disease! 7HVD 5 Carp 'ephritis and #ill 'ecrosis Virus 8C'#V 9"

Notiable toOE

Historycute moridity/morta!ity

Physical ExaminationPa!e4 s7o!!en4 mott!ed gi!!s=anorma! co!oration4 sin!esions4 eno'htha!mos4

dys'nea4 erratic s7imming

TreatmentDisinfect and 8uarantine

It has caused ma


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;y'ica! !esions of oiher'esvirus )$V+ rro7sindicate sin !esions'resenting as !anched4

circu!ar to di:useareas4 characteristica!!y seenduring acute e'isodes of $Vdisease

:ected 'o'u!ations can e3hiit u' to100 morta!ity

(emperature is the single most

important determinant o-pathogenicity+ Outbrea:s aremost severe and sh are mostsusceptible at 2; < 1; 4 C5disease does not develop at 0

2= 4 C or > =3 4 C


Pa!e4 s7o!!en4 mott!ed gi!!s isthe most common grosssign Gi!! damage 'roa!ysigni" cant!y contriutes tomoridity

*ther characteristic signsinc!ude anorma! co!oration4sin !esions 4 eno'htha!mosand dys'nea )increasedres'iratory rate+

#Pa & e'ite!ioma 'a'u!osum )car' 'o3 "sh


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#Pa e'ite!ioma 'a'u!osum )car' 'o34 "sh'o3+-ar' 'o3 !esions on commoncar'

Carp po@ A! $er'esviruscy'rinid disease4 car'

e'ithe!ioma4 -y'rinidher'esvirus 1+$osts6 common car'4crucian car'4 are!4ream4 go!den ide4 rudd4sme!t4 car' R go!d" sh4

a8uarium " shGeo range6 #uro'e=sia= .ussia= Great5aes4 United,tates= Israe!4$istory6cute to -hronic,mooth to rough4 mi!y 7hite to grey '!a8ues u' to 2 mm thic= may

cause scarring4 retard gro7th4 !ead to se!eta! deformities= hy'er'!astice'ithe!ium )may e 'a'i!!omatous+= !esions eventua!!y s!ough ut can!ast for months= !esions may ecome dar 'igmented4 reducing va!ue=!esions deve!o' in !o7 tem'eratures )7inter/s'ring+ and regress 7ith hightem'erature )summer+ ut !atent infection remains= transmission'roa!y from 7ounds= acute disease in young " sh= e3'erimenta!!y

viru!ent to car' fry= Difdiagn 6 oi her'esvirus

$D B pi:e -ry rhabdovirus disease


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Pi:e -ry rhabdovirus disease !hydrocephalus/ red disease o-pi:e/ grass carp

rhabdovirus"

$osts6 %orthern 'ie4 ro7n trout4 grass car'4 7hite ream4gudgeon4 tench$istory6 ,uacute to cute

Geogra'hic range6 #uro'e

Diagnostic features6 ,'ontaneous disease on!y in young 'ie=t7o syndromes6 )a+ s7e!!ing on su!! )hydroce'ha!us+ or)+ hemorrhagic mass et7een 'e!vic "ns and

hemorrhage on Eans= hemorrhagic necrosis of viscera

$D pi:e -ry rhabdovirus disease

%C B lymphocystis !%D B lymphocystis


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%C lymphocystis !%D lymphocystisdisease"5ym'hocystisis a vira! disease characteri(ed y mu!ti'!e creamy&7hitenodu!es on the sin and "ns It is 'roa!y the most common vira!disease of ornamenta! "sh -aused y an iridovirus4 the disease haseen identi"ed in over 100 s'ecies of "sh ;he disease is mostcommon in recent!y 'urchased/shi''ed "sh4 and is more 'reva!ent inracish and marine s'ecies4 as 7e!! as some %e7 Aor!d cich!ids

5ym'hocystitis is contagious from one "sh to another4 ut a!! e3'osed

"sh are not a:ected y the disease Vira! 'artic!es can survive for at!east severa! days in the 7ater and su&c!inica! carriers !ie!y e3ist

;he vira! 'artic!es cause a mared en!argement of the derma!connective tissue ce!!s resu!ting in ce!!s u' to one thousand times theirnorma! si(e

,ym'toms


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Diagnosis

io'sy sam'!e is e3amined using a standard !aoratory microsco'e andSgra'e&!ieS c!usters of hy'ertro'hied "ro!asts )en!arged connectivetissue ce!!s+ are seen in 'ositive cases Fre8uent!y4 these ce!! c!ustersa''ear !ight orange or ye!!o7 in co!or,ince the disease is usua!!y se!f&!imiting4 the 'rognosis tends to e good,evere!y infected individua!s may succum if the !esions are !arge enoughto interfere 7ith eating or res'iration In such severe cases4 they may

,ym'toms:ected "sh have mu!ti'!e raisede'ithe!ia! )sin surface+ nodu!es1&2 mm in diameter ranging from'ure 7hite to 'in in co!or ;hesenodu!es may e singu!ar utmore common!y a''ear ingranu!ar c!usters of severa! do(enor more :ected "sh usua!!yehave norma!!y and morta!ity)death+ is usua!!y !o7 or non&e3istent ;he !esions are usua!!yrestricted to o'ercu!a )gi!! '!ates+4sin4 and "ns and are rare!yfound on the surfaces of interna!organs


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II Bacteria! "sh diseases


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*a"teria o ishes

Gram&'ositive acteria MT-*B-;#.I-##

Gram&negative acteria F5V*B-;#.I-##

Flavobacteriums'' Fle0ibacters''

#%;#.*B-;#.I-## VIB.I*%-##

1ibrios''

Aeromonass'' P,#UD*M*%-##

-h!amydia

Myxoacterial infection


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order: Myxobactrals

genus: !lx"bactr

!lx"bactr colu#nar"s

7Columnaris disease> $orld-$idehost: many species of fishby $ater temperatures -?* o&clinical and pat-anatomical changes: S!in lesion, usually on the head, bac!, gill

operculum and fins, haemorrhagic ulcers, necrotic lesions, destroyed fins

@reatment: antibiotic treatment is difficult affected fish rarely consume food,

improvement of $ater ualityoygen, organic addition, temperature

!lx"bactr psyc$rop$"la

7Cold !ater disease>$ater temperature: belo$ ?o& (B-? o&)rainbo$ trout, salmonidsmortality * +clinical and pat-anatomical changes: fin and tail lesions, necrotic lesions,

completely eroded tailtreatment: difficult

Aro#onas $y%rop$"la


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y p

important cause of diseases of pond-cultured and $ild fresh$ater fishes

C" Carp "rythrodermatitis

$ater temperature: over 4 o&clinical and pat-anatomical changes:

dar! colour, red irregular haemorrhages on the s!in and fish,

ascites, ulcers and necrotic lesions, s$ollen spleentreatment: antibiotics, sulphonamides, improvement of environmental

conditions

Aro#onas sal#on"c"%a

# $urunculosis of salmonids%

$ater temperature: -?*

o

&clinical and pat-anatomical changes:

anoreia, gathering at pond outlets, ataia, haemorrhages at bases of fins

and in the gills, hyperaemia in hypodermis, inflamation in dermis, furuncles

on the bac! or sides of the body, catharal enteritistreatment: antibiotics, sulphonamides, improvement of $ater conditions

Camily: E%@E1/A&@E3A&EAE


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E%&ar%s"lla "ctalur"

#&cute septicaemia disease of channel catfish fingerlings%

$ater temperature: ?*-D*

o

&clinical and pat-anatomical changes:

%erve signs, haemorrhagic lesions or ulcerations of the cranium,

eophthalmus, pale gill, ascites

treatment: oytetracycline difficult, vaccination

E%&ar%s"lla tar%apathogen of catfish (USA), eells (apan) and tilapiaclinical and pat-anatomical changes:

small cutaneous lesions etending do$n into the muscles, fibrinousperitonitis, necrosis in the !idney and liver, ascites

treatment: sulphonamide, tetracycline, $ater uality improvement

Yersinia ruckeri


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#"'M enteric red mouth disease%

host: younger rainbo$ trout, salmonids$ater temperature: over * o&clinical and pat-anatomical changes:

red mouth ulceration and haemorrhages in oral area, dar!

colour, petechial haemorrhages in over abdominal organs,

s$elling of the !idney and spleen

treatment: antibiotics, vaccination

The Vaccination against ERM


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The Vaccination against ERM

(ath for small fishes

1ral vaccination - pellets

3munomodulation

- increase of the natural resistance of organism

- non-specific

&1%EC1F G1UH


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&1%EC1F G1UH

Rn"bactr"u# sal#on"naru#

#()D acterial *idney disease #

salmonids$ater temperature: D-4 o&, chronic diseaselo$ levels of mortality

clinical and pat-anatomical changes:0ar! colour, eophthalmus, small haemorrhages at the bases

of the pectoral fins, $hitish nodular lesions in the !idney $ith

red hyperaemic ring

treatment: not very effective

Camily: F&1/A&@E3A&EAE


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Camily: F&1/A&@E3A&EAE

Mycobactr"u# #ar"nu#pathological agents for tropical marine and fresh$ater

fish chronic diseaseclinical and pat-anatomical changes:

!acheia, dar! colour, s$elling of the abdomen, s!in

lesions, eophthalmus, s$imming disorder, eroded fins,

miliary tubercules in liver, spleen, !idney and other

organs

treatment: un!no$n

Mycobactr"u# 'ortu"t"u#pathological agents $ide spread in tropical auariainfections are similar to M( #ar"nu#

treatment: un!no$n

(uberculosis o- sh < contagious disease


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(uberculosis o- sh < contagious diseasetransmitted-rom sic: ornamental shes to human

Before treatment fter treatment

II M ti di di d f


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II Myotic diseases diseases caused y fun

SAPROLE)NIA PARASI*ICA


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saprolegniasissurface fungal infection (s!in, gill, fins) and fish

eggssecondary pathogen after handling, netting andtraumatic, chemical, parasitical damage of the s!in


grey $hite patches on the s!in, cotton-$ool li!e

appearancehyphal filaments etend in to the $ater,later stages-fungal patches are dar! grey or bro$n,

gro$ing is often circular

treatment: malachyte green, copper sulfate,

potassium permanganate, salt, formaline

BRANCHIOMYCES sp


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BRANCHIOMYCESsp'Branc$"o#ycs san+u"n"s, Branc$"o#ycs %#"-rans

ranchiomycosis fungal disease of gill of fresh$ater fishes

mainly &yprinidsmortality about * +localisation blood vessels of the gill


Gills rot areas of necrotic tissue necrotic gangrenous branchitis,thrombosis of vessels by fungal hyphae, suffocation'treatment: un!no$n


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+istopathology o gill rot

-ircu!atory disturances

$emorrhagicinEamation

Dee' necrosis

Incom'!eteregeneration

Fusion of gi!! !ame!!ae

ICH*HYOPHONUS HO!ERI (syn' Ic$t$yospor"%"u# $o'r")


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ichthyophonosissystemic granulomatosis in fresh$ater and marine fishof many

species


anorhectic fishes, s$imming disorder, s!in lesions, eophthalmus,

ascites, desintegration of fins, $hite nodules (similar to the @/&) in all

organs, esspecially in heart, liver and spleen

treatment: un!no$n strict hygiene and optimal environmental

condition+emperature

Dissol,ed oxygen

+otal ammonia-nitrogen NH. N/

-0

&l*alinity

Hardness

pH

Caron dioxide

1DN - 12C"'&+IV" D"'M&2 N"C'/SIS


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host: salmonids only adult fish

causative agents: un!no$n$ater temperature: belo$ * o&clinical and pat-anatomical changes:

Grey erosions symmetrically placed on the s!in mainly on the

head, adipose fin and gill operculum, lesions are often invaded by

fungi (Saprol-n"asp'), later ulceration of s!in

treatment: un!no$n


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microbial fish diseases 2011

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