microbes !!!. viruses alive? viruses are non-living! –they do not carry out respiration. –they...
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Alive? Viruses are non-living! –They do not carry out respiration. –They do not grow or develop –Cannot reproduce without a host cellTRANSCRIPT
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MICROBES !!!
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Viruses
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Alive?
• Viruses are non-living!– They do not carry out respiration.– They do not grow or develop– Cannot reproduce without a host cell
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Viral Structure
• Inner Core– Contains nucleic acid
(DNA or RNA) with instructions for making copies of the virus
• Outer protein coat called a capsid
• May have an additional layer of protein called an envelope
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Viral Structure
• 4 major shapes of virus– Helical– Polyhedral– Studded Envelope– Polyhedral with leg-
like extensions
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Viral Reproduction
• Lytic Cycle (eg. The flu)– Very Fast (about 30 minutes)– Takes over host cell’s genetic material – Kills the host cell quickly
• Lysogenic Cycle (HIV virus, herpes simplex 1)– Not fast– A provirus is formed-it becomes part of the host cell’s
chromosome– Changes the host cell, doesn’t kill it quickly– Can enter the lytic cycle at any time, usually because of
some sort of stress
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Viral Diseases
• Herpes• Chicken Pox• Influenza• Meningitis• Measles• Mumps
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Treatments for Viral Diseases
• Vaccines- alert the immune system without causing the illness
• Anti-viral drugs• Many have no cures but simply medicines
to control symptoms
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Lytic Cycle
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Lysogenic Cycle
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Bacteria:
Classification and Structure
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What are the 6 Kingdoms?
• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria• Protists• Fungi• Plants• Animals
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Classification of Bacteria
• Archaebacteria: extremists• Eubacteria:
–Heterotrophs–Photosynthetic autotrophs–Chemosynthetic autotrophs
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Archaebacteria
• Live in extreme locations:– Oxygen-free
environments– Concentrated
salt-water– Hot, acidic
water
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Eubacteria - Heterotrophs
• Found everywhere• Parasites: live off of other
organisms• Saprobes: live off of dead
organisms or waste (recyclers)
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Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs
• Photosynthetic: make their own food from light
• Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red
• ponds, streams, moist areas
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Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs
• Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen
• Make nitrogen in the air usable Make nitrogen in the air usable for plantsfor plants {Very Important}
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Structure of Bacteria
• Two parts to Bacteria Structure:–Arrangement–Shape
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Arrangement
• Paired: diplo• Grape-like clusters: staphylo• Chains: strepto
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Shape
• Rod: bacillus• Spheres: coccus• Spirals: spirillum
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Examples
• Streptococcus: chains of spheres• Staphylospirillum: Grapelike
clusters of spirals• Streptobacillus: Chains of rods
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Bacterial Diseases
• Pneumonia• Strep Throat• Meningitis• Salmonella• Cholera• Bubonic Plague
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Treatment
• Bacterial infections can usually be treated by using antibiotics.– The first antibiotic was Penicillin which was
discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.– Penicillin is derived from a fungus and works
by eating holes in the cell wall of the bacterial cells