microalgas para la producción de biocombustibles, alimentos y productos químicos
DESCRIPTION
En el marco de la jornada Microalgas, ¿una fuente de petróleo verde?, organizada con IMDEA y celebrada el 8 de abril en EOI, Escuela de Organización Industrial, René H. Wijffels, profesor de la Universidad de Wageningen en Holanda, presenta su trabajo sobre biodiesel producido por microalgas, la factibilidad de este estudio y la biorafinería de las microalgas. Finalmente concluye con la presentación de las diversas fases de investigación hasta llegar a la producción de biocombustibles, alimentos y productos químicos.TRANSCRIPT
Microalgae for production of biofuels, food and chemicals
René H. Wijffelswww.algae.wur.nl
Contents
Biodiesel from microalgae
Feasibility study Biorefinery of
microalgae Research agenda
Biodiesel from microalgae
Botryococcus Alkanes (C34) High concentrations (40-70%)
Other algae 20-60% lipids
High productivity Palm oil: 6,000 l/ha/year Algae: 20,000-80,000 l/ha/year No competition with food Salt water
Feasibility study Delta nv
Horizontal tubes
Raceway ponds
Flat panels
Biomass production cost
Centrifuge w estfalia separator AG Centrifuge Feed Pump Medium Filter Unit
Medium Feed pump Medium preparation tank Harvest broth storage tank
Seaw ater pump station Automatic Weighing Station w ith Silos Culture circulation pump
Installations costs Instrumentation and control Piping
Buildings Polyethylene tubes Photobioreactor Culture medium
Carbon dioxide Media Filters Air f ilters
Pow er Labor Payroll charges
Maintenance General plant overheads
4.02 € / kg biomass
10.62 € / kg biomass
0.4 € / kg biomass15 €/GJ
89% decrease
1 ha
100 ha
potential
Labor 28% Power 22%
Power 42%
Bulk chemicals and biofuels in 1,000 kg microalgae 400 kg lipids
100 kg as feedstock chemical industry (2 €/kg lipids)
300 kg as transport fuel (0.50 €/kg lipids)
500 kg proteins 100 kg for food (5 €/kg protein) 400 kg for feed (0.75 €/kg
protein) 100 kg polysaccharides
1 €/kg polysaccharides 70 kg of N removed
2 €/kg nitrogen 1,600 kg oxygen produced
0.16 €/kg oxygen Production costs: 0.40 €/kg
biomass Value: 1.65 €/kg biomass
Sugars100 €
N removal140 €
Oxygen 256 €
Chemicals 200 €
Biofuels150 €
Food proteins 500 €
Feed proteins 300 €
Economical Viability: biorefinery of microalgae
Wageningen research agenda Photobioreactor design O2 removal and CO2
supply Biofilms for post-
treatment wastewater Control of primary
metabolism Harvesting and Oil
extraction Biorefinery Design scenarios AlgaePARC
Photobioreactor design Closed photobioreactors Maximization of
photosynthetic efficiency/productivity High light intensity/shading High biomass density Energy input Shear effects Growth inhibition Light guides Flashing light effect Variations in light intensity
Real productivity?9.0 %
reflection on PBR x 0.96
night biomass loss x 0.90
maintenance x 0.95
8.6 %
7.8 %
What’s left ?... 7.4%
Practice?... 3 - 4%
Light saturation?
Nutrient limitations? CO2
Inhibition? O2, light
Process design
Light dilution in the lab Dilution of light By vertical flat panels Imitation of day/night cycles Model system: Chlorella
sorokiniana 1.4 cm panel reactor
Light dilution in the lab
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Time / min
PF
D /
mic
rom
ol
m-2
s-1
Vertical east-west
horizontal
PE = 6.5 %
PE = 4.2 %
Light dilution in practice
Vertical panels Submerged (Solix
Biofuels) Inflatable bags
(Proviron
Control primary metabolism Objective: control metabolism High yield on light Production of lipids Production of colorants
Metabolic network model and flux calculations to predict rates in primary metabolism
Research reactor to apply wide range of cultivation conditions
On-line monitoring of production and consumption rates (CO2, O2, N, biomass)
Building a metabolic model
Model organism: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii A metabolic model was built
About 300 enzymatic reactions were modeled Lumping linear pathways 159 reactions and 161 metabolites
35 enzymes were not annotated 28 were retrieved in the C. reinhardtii genome with
sequences of related organisms 7 remain missing
Checked by comparing Photosynthetic Quotient (O2 production rate/CO2 uptake rate, Quantum Requirement (mol light quanta needed per mol O2 produced) and Biomass yield (g biomass/mol photons)
Projects
Genome based metabolic flux model for Chlamydomonas (Annette Kliphuis)
Metabolic flux models and lipid accumulation in green algae (Anne Klok)
Metabolic flux models and lipid accumulation in diatoms (Packo Lamers)
Metabolic flux models and colorant production (Kim Mulders)
Metabolic flux models and alkane accumulation in Botryococcus (contract negotiation)
Design scenarios - Ellen Slegers Objective
Develop scenarios for production of energy carriers at very large scale
Why Logistics: complexity and energy use of supply of
materials Research issues
Sustainability Scale Location
Pre and post processing
Environment
Algae cultivation
energy (light & mechanical
nutrients (CO2, N, P)
H2O
others
solution containing biomass
other products (e.g. O2)
loca
tion
(ligh
t, te
mpe
ratu
re)
reac
tor t
ype
alga
e sp
ecie
s (g
row
th
char
acte
ristic
s)
AlgaePARCAlgae Production And Research Centre
Build up an international , open and independent centre for applied research
Translate research towards applications Acquire Information for design of full scale plants Develop competitive technology (economic viability and positive
energy balance)
Cradle to Cradle: Closing material loops - CO2, N, P
To be applied in and outside the Netherlands Defined Research Programme (5 years) & Contract research Production of algal biomass for bulk chemicals, food and feed
ingredients and biofuels Pilot as intermediate between lab and demo
Algae PARC: Objectives
Translate research towards applications
FundamentalResearch
2.5 m2 25 m2
Demos25 000 m2
AlgaePARC Industrial partnersWUR / WETSUS
Encountered problems are to be rethought and solved at previous stages
Stage 1 R&D Stage 2 test & pilot
Stage 3 Scale-up
AlgaePARC: Algae Production and Research Center Development of a process chain Experience with systems Information for design of full scale plants Comparison of systems Comparison of strains Comparison of feeds (nutrients, CO2, sunlight…) Supply of biomass for
further processing Further processing
Algae PARC
Main Features
Uniqueness - 4 different systems that can run in parallel (minimum)
Fundamental aspects for successful operation and scale up of photobioreactors to commercial plants
Control Units: accurate online measurements and control of a wide range of metabolic and environmental parameters
Flexibility: The reactors should be easily changeable to allow fast testing of different systems
Budget & Time plan
Q2-Q3 2010 engineering and building
Q4 2010 Test runs
Facilities 2010 (2.8 M€)
Research Programme 2010 -2014 (4 M€, 14 Industrial partners)
Q2 2010 consortium agreement
What we aim at…
AlgaePARC : the European test centre for microalgae technology
Conclusions
We are developing a new technology for cost-effective production of fuels, foods and chemicals from algae
Requires a multidisciplinary approach
We are active in all these disciplines
4 examples were shown: reactor technology, metabolic modelling, system design and AlgaePARC
Product
processing
Application
development
Design
Fermentation
technology
Analytics
Chains
Systems
Design
Systems
Biology
Strain
Development
Metabolic
Modelling
Bioprocess
Engineering
Scale-up
Biorefinery
Alg: taaie rakker die zich niet zo maar laat krakenDagblad van het Noorden22 oktober 2009
Is er een groenere bron van brandstof denkbaar dan de alg? Wie er in slaagt op grote schaal olie en biogas te winnen uit dit welig tierende micro-organisme, boort een onuitputtelijke energievoorraad aan. Het bedrijf Proces-Groningen is daar dichtbij. Maar naarmate het doel meer in zicht komt, groeit de twijfel.
“…. Al die stappen zijn "vreselijk moeilijk", weet Banning na vier maanden experimenteren… Persoonlijk geloof ik dan ook niet in algen als de nieuwe groene biobrandstof."
www.algae.wur.nl