COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Michelle M. Rogers, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

Carol J. Miller, Shawn P. McElmurry, Guoyao Xu, Weisong Shi,

Caisheng Wang, Cheng-Zhong Xu, PhDWayne State University – College of Engineering

Water Sustainability Workshop A Smart-Phone Application for

Home Emissions Estimates

Total generation:4,120 billion (kWh)3,950 billion (kWh) in 2009

Source: http://www.eia.doe.gov

WHY?Energy –Emissions

Polluting Emissions from Electricity Generation

http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-02-16/pdf/2012-806.pdfhttp://www.epa.gov/mats/actions.html

Air Quality Visual Health (asthma) GHG………Climate (?)

Contaminant Deposition Surface Water Soils Vegetation

Food Chain Fish Consumption

And,….Even for the “non-environmentalist”……… Policy: Government Specified Caps

Emissions Effects

Problem: How to identify emission potential?

Locational Marginal Price as Proxy for Generator Type

LMP at time ti

Hydro & Nuclear Coal Natural Gas Oil

Pric

e ($

/MW

h)

LMPs based on marginal cost of supplying the next increment of electric demand at a specific location

LMP Accounts for: generation marginal cost (fuel cost) physical aspects of transmission system (constraint in

transmission lines) Cost of marginal power losses

Locational Marginal Prices (LMP)

Methodology

Use LMP to point to the marginal fuel type

Calculate emissions associated with that fuel type for a specific area (or specific generator)

Environmental OptimizationLinking Consumption to Emissions

1. Source Identification• Dispatch adjusted every 5 minutes within MISO

2. Emission Quantification• Function of generator type

Locational Marginal Prices LMPs available from MISO

(Midwest Independent System Operator) LMPs for select Commercial Pricing Nodes (CPNs)

available every 5 minutes

Locational Marginal Prices…spatial variationLMP = f (space,time)

Locational Marginal Prices….temporal variation

Emission Rates LMP Marginal Generator Type Air Emissions Measured Air Emissions Data from EPA’s eGRID

(Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database) Data on thousands of power plants in the US

Sort by EGCL code (Electric Generating Company, Location-Based) i.e., all of DTE-operated plants in SE Michigan

WE WANT THIS TO BE DEFINED ON THE FINEST GRID POSSIBLE….compare to an approach based on national averages of emissions/KWh

Emission Rates Calculate average emission rate for entire area for each

fuel type Example, Detroit Edison: (2008 data)

LMP Marginal Generator Type Air Emissions

Air Emissions in pounds pollutant per MWhr generated (lb/MWh)Pollutant Nuclear Coal Natural Gas Distilled Fuel

OilSO2 0 10.54 1.65 2.3445NOX 0 3.05 1.57 21.73CO2 equiv 0 2071 2292 1862Hg 0 5.26E-05 3.62E-06 5.81E-06Pb 1.09E-07 3.10E-05 1.66E-06 3.65E-05

Putting it Together: the HERO app

HERO = Home Emissions Read-Out

(LMP Marginal Generator Type Air Emissions) Applying this concept to household energy use Android App for smart phones

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HERO: Home Emissions Read-Out

HERO ARCHITECTURE

HERO Input HERO can automatically find

nearest CPN based on phone’s GPS

User also has choice to pick location from map

HERO Output Current, Past, and Projected

Future emissions

CO2, NOX, SOX, Mercury, Lead

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HERO Screen Shots

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User can view more to see background information on CO2, NOX, SOX, Mercury, Lead

Environmental Effects, Human Health Effects

Example: NOX & SOX

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LEEM: Locational Emissions Estimation Methodology

Input:Addres

s

Geographic

Location

Closest LMP Node

Link LMP to Margin

al Generat

or

Output:Real-Time

Emissions

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HERO published in GooglePlay https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.

amaker.herotest&feature=search_result#?t=W251bGwsMSwyLDEsImNvbS5hbWFrZXIuaGVyb3Rlc3QiXQ..

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Improvements?

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Server-Based Approach

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Test Case of Emissions Benefits

Appliance Frequency(d-1)

Cycle Length

(hrs)

Power(kW)

Energy/ cycle

(kWh)

Intermittent(Y/N)

Preferred Time

Hr (1 - 24)

Water Heater 1.00 3.00 1.29 3.87 YES 4

Defrost Cycle 2.00 0.33 0.70 0.23 NO 1

Dishwasher 0.50 2.0 0.98 1.97 NO 22

Clothes Washer 1.00 0.5 0.61 0.31 NO 20

Clothes Dryer 0.86 0.75 4.59 3.44 NO 19

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BEST/WORST CASE PERFORMANCE

RegionNode

Location Year

Based on LMP

type

Average change

in target pollutant

Greatest change

achieved by any

pollutant

Least change

achieved by any

pollutant RFCM Monroe, MI 2009 RT -68% -84% -33%RFCM Monroe, MI 2007 RT -78% -88% -49%RFCM Monroe, MI 2009 DA -27% -61% +1% 

RFCM St. Clair, MI 2009 RT -68% -84% -32%RFCM Midland, MI 2009 RT -70% -86% -29%

SRMW Labadie, MO 2009 RT -74% -80% -49%

MROW Fergus Falls, MN 2009 RT -70% -72% -64%

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Great Lakes BenefitsGreat Lakes

ResidentEngages Energy

Consuming Device

LEEM Optimization

Change in Demand

Reduction in Hg Emissions

Reduced Hg in Fish

Fishing Restriction Lifted

Consumer utilizes local resources

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Extension of Project

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Thanks to Great Lakes Protection Fund

THANK YOU

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Water Sustainability Workshop: A Smart-Phone Application for Home Emissions Estimates