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Mi-24/35 HELICOPTER CREW FULL

FLIGHT & FULL MISSION SIMULATOR

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Purpose of simulator

Simulator is intended for teaching and training on land the crews of helicopters type i-24/35 (modifications of the "B", "P" and upgraded in Ukraine State Enterprise"Konotopskiy Aircraft Repair Plant "AVIAKON"), which composed of the pilot (crewcommander) and the operator to operate in a full stroke of their duties on piloting,navigation, operation with airborne systems and helicopter's equipment, communicativeactivity, to effective interacting, including at failures of various airborne systems and in

special cases according to the Manual on flight operation of helicopter type i-24/35, for the purpose of formation at them the resistant skills of control by helicopter and itsarmament in various conditions.

General characteristics of the simulator corresponds to the demands to full flightsimulators (FFS) of qualifying level B (according to standard EASA CS-FSTD (H)).

Simulator ensures training not only flight and navigating missions (according to theManual on flight operation), but also realization of trainings on performance of operationaltasks (according to the Course of combat training and the Manual on battle application of aviation ammunition). simulator can be reckon in class FFS & FMS Simulator architecture ensures capability of its operative modernization while in service (according tocustomer demands), and also capability of its integration with other simulators (in common

virtual battle space and time according to standard IEEE 1516.3).Simulator can be used during combat training of helicopter's sub-units and also ineducational process of military educational institutions at training missions, associated withpiloting and battle application of helicopters type i-24/35 in various conditions.

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Components and Structure of Simulator

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Variant of simulator placement in building of hangar type

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Imitator of crew cockpit of helicopter

The additional equipment:the button of emergency switching-off the electric power of simulator and turning on theemergency illumination in crew cockpit and indoors the simulator;dome lights of emergency illumination (inside and over an exit from the crew cockpit);video cameras for observation over operations of crewman in the crew cockpit;dynamic loudspeakers of acoustical stereosystem;position sensors of tie-rods of control channels;onboard computer's network

The internal sizes, composition and dislocation of crewmember seats, handles and pedals controlof helicopter, imitators of avionics devices and the equipment in imitator of crew cockpit of helicopter are completely meet to the crew cockpit of the real helicopter type i-24/35. Imitator of crew cockpit of helicopter also has the additional equipment.

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Motion systemMotion system of the Imitator of crew cockpit is intended for imitation the acceleration

effects which affect to crewmen of the real helicopter during traffic by the ground and in air, atvarious flight conditions including the use of aviation weapons,, and also at different ways of landing, at col lisions of the hel icopter with local objects , hits in the simulated hel icopter from thevarious ammunition.

Type of actuat ing mechanisms - elec tromechanical; cont rol sys tem type - f requency onspeed and position.

Below showed photo of motion system with crew cockpit of helicopter type Mi-8 (Mi-17, Mi-171)

NoCharacteristic name

Linear shiftsand angles of

slope,rotations,

not less

Linear andangular speeds

of moving,not less

Linear andangular

accelerations, not less

1 Displacement alonglongitudinal axis

0,94 1,2 / 5,0 /

2 Displacement along transverseaxis

0,98 1,0 / 3,50 /

3 Vertical displacement 0,70 0,68) / 4,0 /

4 Roll24 12 (24 ) / 140/c

5 Pitch 23 14 (28 ) / 120/c6 Yaw 34 17 (34 ) / 140/c7 Range of vibration frequency,

Hz0-10

8 Amplitude of vibration, mm up to 3,5

Main dynamic characteristics of motion system

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In simulator used the stat ionary two-level led projection system for visual izat ion of out-of-cockpit space (VOCS) which ensure a capabili ty of piloting and navigation at reali sation of

trainings according to Rules of visual flights, and also carrying out of visual observationand survey of the targets, imitating shooting taking into account meteorologicalconditions, range and type of land and air targets, smokes, fires and etc. .

1 The self-supported spherical shield (glass-fibre, stationary), piece 1

2 Wide-angle projectors on swinging arms, pieces 9

3 Metal assembly trusses with a mobile ladder for attachment,

service and adjustment of projectors, a complete set

1

Visualization system of out-of-cockpit space

-

-- Hybrid laser and LED projectors have a high light transmission and contrast, are not critical to minor fluctuations in the design does not require an individual cooling warranty period of the light source is 4 times thelife of traditional bulbs in the most advanced projectors;- The method used is the adjustment of the projection imaging system provides extremely high in thisconfiguration, the imaging system image quality, accurate "cross-linking" of images from multiple projectors,reducing the requirements for server processing power, reducing the requirements for the stability of thegeometric parameters of VOCS as well as the time and cost by setting simulator by providing the Customer thepossibility to independently made alignment of visualization system

Composition of VOCS

Characteristics of VOCS

Resolving power, pixels per 1 channel 1024 768

Frequency of shots change, shot/s No less 30

Sector of constant projection (horiz x vert), degrees 220 120

Quantity of projectors tiers, piece 1

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Quality of visualization

High quality of visualization of out-of-cockpit space is achieved by:the use of high-quality multi-channel projection system and display the virtual image;providing an overview of the space in the terminal area with the possibility of observation of GDP, taxiways, lighting equipment,buildings, landscape areas;high level of detail and drawing airspace, aircraft and ground targets, topography, vegetation, buildings and infrastructure;

matching colors and textures of terrain objects true color and contrast;corresponds to the angular size, shape, terrain features, vegetation, ground and air targets real objects;software change visibility and lighting conditions, taking into account the geographic latitude, time of day and weatherconditions;providing opportunities for local change in visibility due to weather conditions (smoke, fog, clouds, etc.);imitation of terrestrial active means leading a simulated fire on the helicopter, artillery weapons, anti-aircraft and anti-tank guidedmissiles;choice of the type of aircraft weapons are displayed at the head of a workplace training;imitation hit points (mining) used a trained crew of aircraft weapons

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Visualization of geo-referenced 3D models ofterrain provided by:

- design of 3D models of geo-referenced sections ofthe earth's surface of not less than 200 x 200 km;

- maximum detail selected areas within a radius of 5km (areas heliports, airports and areas of millitarypolygons ), including textured earth's surface,distinguishable objects of landshaft (rivers, lakes,mountains, forests, fields);

- runways, taxiways and landing pads, roads,buildings, and objects of airport equipment, lighttechnical equipment airfield.

Features geo-referenced 3D models of terrain

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Instructor operation station

1 Unified table 1

2 Keyboard 1

3 Optical manipulator 1

4 Monitor 19" 6

5 Uninterrupted power supply unit 1

6 Handset 17 Laser printer 1

8 System unit (processor not lower PentiumIV 2,6 GHz) with general and specific

software

6

9 Servers with general and specific software 2

Instructor operation station used for:

-choice the forthcoming flying mission from the available in simulatorgeoinformational base of region of accomplishment;- give the beginning position and condition of virtual subunits of theparties, and also the scenario of their acts (operational tasks) duringtraining accomplishment;- give into flying mission: operational task; battle loading of the helicopter;course and a flight profile; solo flight or in pair or flight composition (in thecapacity of the leader or a wingman);- give the weather conditions of the flying mission;- carry out the functions of the flight director;- carry out operative change of the current training scenario (non-standard situations, implementation of failures etc.);- play up acts of virtual mechanized, tank, rocket, artillery, anti-tank,antiaircraft and air units of the parties;- representation of a current helicopter position, and also the generaltactical land and air situation in virtual battle space and on electronictopographic map;- conduct with trained helicopter crewmen the two-way communication;- operative control and control of training with a capability of its stop and

retrace up to the beginning of the given training, the post-flight analysis ofacts of each crewman;- documenting results of fulfillment of crew flying missions;- demonstrating of crew actions on all flight stages by reproduction of theprofiles recorded on the simulator during fulfillment of flying missions;- storage results of trainings of all trainees and realization of their

analysis;- printing results of training.

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Simulator Program Complex st ructure diagram

Structure of program complex

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Capabilities of integration

Simulator software ensures: Integration of the crew simulator with other

complex simulators of mechanized, tank, rocket,artillery, anti-tank, antiaircraft and air units inunified virtual space;

Simultaneous functioning of the simulator withother complex simulators in the unified simulated tactical conditions in real time according to their

battle capabilities and the location in battleformations the mechanized, tank, rocket, artillery,anti-tank, antiaircraft and air units;

Visualization of virtual battle on the 2D terrain mapand in the 3D virtual battle space;

Application of aviation ammunitions on air targetsand land targets with imitation of visual effects of their application and with estimation of possibledegree of damage;

Proper response of a technical state and parametersof flight of the helicopter on application of firingmeans of mechanized, tank, rocket, artillery, anti-tank, antiaircraft and air units.

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Constructive adequacy is attained as a result of:

Full conformity of imitator of crew cockpit with real crew cockpit;

The maximum similitude of front panels of simulators of devices and equipment to view with the real devices;

Simulator ensure demanded level of adequacy as a result of achievement by itsmanufacture the high constructive and functional adequacy both its separate elementsand all product as a whole

Conformity of operation algorithms of devices and units simulators and reaction of operating and

indication devices to control acts of crewmen; Imitations of the full list of control procedures the necessary at accomplishment by crew of all basicfunctions at preparation and during flight; Ensure the conformity of ranges of moving, efforts and reaction of levers, pedals, switches in thesimulator of the flight compartment to real helicopters controls; Calculation and visualisation of flight trajectory of the helicopter and other flight vehicles accordingto the detailed matematical model of flight of Mi-17V-5 helicopter and aircraft performance characteristicsof other flight vehicles, and also to the meteorological conditions; Calculation and visualisation of flight trajectories of aviation weapon according to their characteristics; Highly realistic imitation of sound effects of activity of helicopter units and aggregates, and also theatmospheric phenomena and combat sounds

Adequacy of simulator

Functional adequacy is attained as a result of:

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Simulator operating characteristicsNo Name of characteristic Unit of

measure Data value

1 Type of placement --- Room on the ground floors of capital buildings or in buildingof hangar type2 Minimum square of placement m2 1503 Minimum height of placement m 84 Readiness for training after switching on min Not less 155 Duration of a continuous work hour Not less 12

6 Electric power: voltage V 220 10%frequency Hz 50 1

7 Maximum consumed power kW 358 Average consumed power kW 11

9Increased and utmost working temperature

Up to +35

Reduced working temperature Up to +5

10 Relative humidity at +25 temperature % Up to 8011 Diagnostic system --- Build in semiautomatic12 Control of switch on and switch off --- From instructor working place

13 Spare and repair parts --- Individual

14 Maintenance --- Check, Daily Maintenance, Maintenance No1 (once in 6months), Maintenance No2 (once a year)

15 Operational liquids ---Mineral oil in driver-reducers of motion platform

16 Electrical safety of trainees and maintenance staff ---Exclusion of dangerous voltage in the crew compartment

simulator (DC voltage +24 is used). Protection against shortcircuit .

17 Accounting of simulator operating time program counter of motor-hours

18 Mass of assembled simulator kg 3680

19 Maintenance documentation --- Form, Operation manual, Assembly and adjustment manual,

List of Spare parts.

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Reliability of Simulator

Simulator's reliability is based on following principles: Application in manufacture of the reliable accessories

checked up by in-service experience, incoming controlconducting,

Working out of the program solutions expelling conflicts of the special software with general software, and also with

hardware, Repeated check of the developed design solutions , Application of the design solutions ensured a long-period

operation of mechanical units, By operations and a stage-by-stage quality control of

mechanical and electrical assemblage of simulators,

Application in designs of simulator units only contactlesssensors of turn angles and displacement (based on Hallmicrocircuits sensors),

Application of protection equipment for printed-circuit boardsof electronic devices and contacts of connectors fromenvironment effect,

Use of computers in the industrial (protected) modification, Application of uninterrupted power supply units for

computers, Support of necessary thermal operational conditions for

simulator equipment, Ensure the reserves on power of power sources.

The warranty and service lifeThe warranty period of simulator

service life makes 2 years in case of compliance to service regulations andconducting the maintenance according tothe operational documentation.

Trainer service life makes not less than10 years in case of compliance to serviceregulations and conducting themaintenance and repair according to theoperational documentation.

Simulator ensures continuous workwithin 12 hours a day

Simulator mean-time-between-failures(MTBF) makes not less than 500 hours.

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Preparation on simulator allows:

To increase efficiency of training process and re-teaching of flight personnel;To ensure maintenance of flight skills in theconditions of the limited flight experience;To reduce the charge of materials and aeronauticalengineering resource on educational and practiceflights;To increase an air safety due to raise of readiness of pilots to operation in special (emergency, unusual)cases in flight;To reinforce control over discipline of flights;Gives a wide range of research in new progressivemethods and methods of flight training.

Educational and methodical possibilities of simulator

Simulator ensures conduct ing of following

programs of crews training for:

Initial training of crews;Re-education from other type of aircraft;Carrying out of periodic training andimprovement of professional skill of actingpilots;Carrying out of annual checks;Testing of new pilots;Recoveries of qualification after break in flightactivity;Instruction of the technical personnel andanalysis of simulated faults;Reduction of pilots minimum.

Simulator is universal educational methodical means of land preparation of flight personnel and ensures:training :- to use operating controls of the helicopter and his systems;- skills of situation evaluation and decision making in special cases of flight and at fulfillment oftactical tasks;- skills of operating in special (emergency, unusual) cases in flight;

- skills of acts by operating controls on elements of flying missions;- Individual preparation for flights;- preparation for flying mission in group ;- analysis of the made errors in a piloting technique and maintenance of systems of the helicopter.

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Simulator allows to train :Ini ti al ski ll s o f pi lo ting of the hel icopter in a regular operat ing modeof the equipment in simple and difficult meteorological condi tions atfol lowing stages of f l ight:Preflight preparation and equipment check before start of engines,Start of engines,Taxiing;Take-off;Hovering;Cross-country flight;Maneuvering on various modes of flight;Decrease;Landing approach;Landing;

Instrument flight rules operation;Conducting of visual orientation;Flights against the terrain background with various forms of a relief;Flights in night and day conditions;Flights in summer and winter conditions.Technology of accompl ishment of c rewmen obl igat ions in regular flight conditions;

Crew actions on localisat ion of the arisen refusals of the equipment;Technology of crewmen interaction;dec is ion of nav igat ion tasks and pi lot ing on the avionics dev ices inreal aeronavigation conditions;Skil ls on conducting of radio exchange with dispatchers of air traff ic;Skil ls of operat ion with onboard systems of the helicopter;Training of actions in diff icult and emergency situations;Research of influence of the human factor on accuracy and eff iciencyof carried out procedures.

Additional tasks,trained in the battle training:

Reconnaissance, detection, identification and identification of the targets on the land or in air;Fighting maneuvering and aiming to the targets onthe land or in air with imitation of application of aviation ammunitions , according to the Course of combat training;Adaptation of visualisation of out-of-cockpit spaceand the cabin equipment with application of nightvision glasses at accomplishment of flights in nightconditionsManagement of onboard protection frames of thehelicopter (automatic machines of the false thermaltargets, etc.)

Main possibilities of simulator

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Simulator's capabilities on realisation special

(emergency, contingency) situations and developmentof skills on pull out the helicopter from them:

Mode of "vortex ring" on main and tail rotors Taking-off or landings on dus ty or snow-covered airports or platforms, Flight at extreme small height over a crossed lay of land, Making a landing on an unprepared platform which selected from air, Making a landing on a platform of the limited sizes, Landings to a mode of autorotation, Failure of the vital systems and helicopter aggregates in flight

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CAPABILITIESOn simulator it is easier and more safe,than in actual flight, to train actions ofcrewmen in full their duties according

to the Manual on flight operation ofhelicopter type Mi-24/35 with capabilityof their repetition, including features of

battle application

REALISTICSimulator imitates flight with high degree of

the realness, which reached due to the 6-DOF motion system and 3-DOF vibration

platform , the spherical screen and system of

visualisation of out-of-cockpit space, highdegree of adequacy imitation of acousticeffects

SAFETYSimulation of emergency

(contingency) situations which cannot be created or extremely dangerously

in actual flight

OBJECTIVEEVALUATION

Simulator allows to carry outthe all-round detailed analysis

of accomplishment of thecrew flying mission as a

whole, and also separate skills by each crewman

Advantages of simulator use for training piloting and combattraining of helicopter's crews and helicopter's sub-units

RELIABILITYSimulator can be used

till 12 o'clock a dayirrespective ofmeteorological

conditions

EFFICIENCYOperation of simulator demands

much less costs, than using of thereal helicopter for training